搜索结果：The International journal of prosthodontics

To evaluate whether mirrored versus non-mirrored presentation of an AI-generated, scan-free virtual mock-up influences esthetic self-perception, and to compare perception patterns between laypeople and dental professionals using the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES). The null hypothesis was that mirrored and non-mirrored presentations would result in no differences in esthetic perception. Fifty participants (25 laypeople, 25 dental professionals) viewed a standardized video of themselves integrated with a scan-free AI-generated virtual mock-up of the anterior dentition. Participants were randomized to first view either a mirrored or non-mirrored version, followed by the opposite format after a minimum 14-day interval. At each assessment, participants completed the eight-item OES. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within-subject comparisons (mirrored vs non-mirrored), and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were applied for subgroup comparisons (laypeople vs professionals). All p-values were adjusted using the Holm method. Across all eight OES items, no statistically significant differences were found between mirrored and non-mirrored mock-up presentations (p > 0.05). Laypeople consistently provided higher esthetic ratings than dental professionals. For the non-mirrored condition, significant between-group differences were observed for tooth form (p = 0.036), tooth alignment/position (p = 0.039), and overall orofacial esthetics (p = 0.039). For the mirrored condition, only tooth form demonstrated a significant difference after adjustment (p = 0.00085). Within each subgroup, mirrored versus non-mirrored comparisons revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Mirrored and non-mirrored presentations of scan-free AI-generated virtual mock-ups showed comparable esthetic self-evaluations. Although laypeople rated esthetics more favorably than dental professionals, these differences were independent of the orientation of the visualization. This study was not registered as a clinical trial, as it did not involve any therapeutic intervention and was limited to the assessment of esthetic perception using a patient-reported outcome measure.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern dentistry, particularly in prosthodontics. However, evidence regarding AI integration among dental professionals in Jordan remains limited, while insights into educational and clinical gaps affecting AI adoption remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and perception of AI-driven prosthodontics among general dental practitioners and specialists in Jordan. A cross-sectional design was chosen for this study using a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of AI technologies in fixed and removable prosthodontics among dental practitioners in Jordan. Study participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. The study consisted of an anonymized questionnaire containing multiple choice, Likert scale and open- ended questions. The survey assessed demographic data, knowledge of AI applications, awareness of specific tools, and perceptions toward benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations of AI in prosthodontics. The association between the categorical variables was assessed using the chi-squared test of independence. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to assess the correlation between variables. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the level of significance. A total of 385 dental professionals participated in the survey (192 specialists in prosthetic dentistry and 193 general dental practitioners). Specialists reported higher awareness and use of AI in prosthodontics, including patient education, treatment planning, 3D implant positioning and quality control (P<0.001). Overall knowledge scores were moderate (78.72 &#xb1; 9.93), while general practitioners showed higher agreement for general diagnostic use (P<0.001). In Jordan dental professionals have moderate knowledge of AI in prosthodontics, with younger clinicians and specialists showing higher awareness and comfort. The perception of AI is mostly positive. However, actual adoption in practice remains limited.

Transferring a maxillomandibular relationship to an articulator is a regular procedure in dentistry. The accuracy of the latest virtual transfer from the virtual maxillomandibular relationship to the physical articulator requires further investigation. This research aims to examine the accuracy of mounting using a mounting jig, thereby potentially enhancing the precision of dental treatments. We employed a patient- specific splint fixed on a metal positioning jig that buckles to the articulator. The splint was used to mount the dental stone casts on the articulator. The mounting positional error was assessed by revealing the deviations of virtual markers attached to the scanned physical dentitions. The registration error of virtual transfer was 0.239 mm, ranging from 0.208&#xb1;0.088 mm to 0.277&#xb1;0.134 mm. We found no significant differences in dentition between those with and without brackets or metal prostheses during registration. The mounting positional errors in the x-, y-, and z-axes were 0.378, 0.371, and 1.306 mm, respectively. The most significant of the mounting deviations occurred in the vertical direction. The angulation deviations between the maxilla and mandible occlusal planes were 0.865 and 1.018 degrees, respectively. The study demonstrates that the portable mounting jig generated from the virtual transfer accurately positions an individual's maxillomandibular relationship on an articulator. This finding suggests that the jig could be a valuable tool in various clinical occlusal applications, potentially improving the accuracy and effectiveness of dental treatments.

To analyze the surface roughness and topography of ground monolithic zirconia after three finishing/polishing methods, with or without glazing. Specimens (5.0&#xd7;2.0 mm) were obtained and mounted in a custom device (5.0&#xd7;1.7 mm). The excess (0.3 mm) was ground using a diamond stone. Ground specimens were finished/polished as follows (n=14): (C-control) as-ground; (FDB) fine-grained diamond bur, felt disc, and polishing diamond paste; (CP) ceramic polishing kit; (FDB+CP) fine-grained Any blinded information will be available then. diamond bur, ceramic polishers, felt disc, and polishing diamond paste. Then, half of the specimens (n=7) from each group were glazed. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to assess the surface topography. Statistical analyses (&#x3b1;=.05) included 2-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests for Ra data. The FDB and CP groups had the highest and lowest Ra values, respectively (p<.05). The Ra of the FDB+CP group differed from the FDB and CP (p<.05) but was similar to control (p>.05). There were no differences in Ra after glazing (p>.05). Glazing decreased the Ra in the FDB and FDB+CP groups (p<.05). SEM images revealed distinct topographical features on the sample surfaces before glazing. Applying the glaze layer seemed to have the potential to even out the surface pattern, irrespective of the finishing/polishing method. The surface roughness of ground monolithic zirconia was influenced by finishing and polishing methods as well as glazing. Glaze application produced comparable surface patterns, regardless of the initial roughness. Without glazing, the ceramic polishing kit resulted in lower surface roughness.

Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in denture manufacturing offer advantages such as customization and rapid production but might exhibit weaknesses in mechanical strength and durability. This study aimed to evaluate the physicomechanical characterization of 3D-printed dentures base by enhancement with high performance polymers Polyetherimide (PEI) microfillers reinforcement for potential improvement. The PEI microfillers (ULTEMTM 1000 PEI; SABIC) were incorporated into the 3D printing denture base resin (NextDent Denture 3D+; 3D systems) through polymer blending at various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3% (w/w) respectively and printed using LCD 3D printer (Mono 4K; Anycubic). The mechanical and physical properties were characterized in flexural strength and modulus, fracture toughness, and surface morphology utilizing Universal Testing Machine (SLBL-5kN; Shimadzu) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JSM 4600 SEM; JEOL). The incorporation of PEI micro fillers had increased the mechanical properties of the 3D printing denture base resin. The 0.5% group demonstrated the greatest flexural strength (101.5&#xb1;3.73 MPa) among all tested group (p<0.001). However, the flexural strength deteriorated as the composite ratio increased above 0.5% (p=0.054). All the reinforced denture base resin groups have a higher flexural strength over the unmodified resin. In the fracture toughness, the 0.5% group exhibited the greatest fracture toughness and the property decrease as the filler content increased above 0.5% (p<0.001). One-way ANOVA were performed. The microfillers were consistently rounded under SEM. This study confirmed that the incorporation of micro fillers demonstrated potential in enhancing the physicomechanical properties of the 3D printed denture base material.

To compare 2 laboratory CAD/CAM single implant crown fabrication techniques, monolithic zirconia (MZ) and metal-ceramic (MC), at the insertion and post-insertion review visits. Seventy-five patients requiring single implant treatment were invited to participate in the study. The MZ crowns were CAD/CAM monolithic zirconia crowns luted onto titanium base abutments (TBAs). The MC crowns were comprised of milled cobalt-chromium abutments veneered with ceramic. Both fabrication techniques involved analogue impressions. At the insertion visit, the duration of crown insertion, duration of clinical adjustments, and presence or absence of peri-implant soft tissue blanching and pain were recorded. The clinical accuracy was assessed according to the quality of proximal and occlusal contacts. At the review visit, the duration of clinical adjustments and clinician and patient satisfaction were recorded. Ten patients were excluded prior to implant placement, and 5 after implant placement. Eventually, 60 patients (64 implants) were included (MZ = 33 implants, MC = 31 implants). The 2 crown fabrication techniques exhibited similar clinical times for insertion and adjustments. Soft tissue blanching and pain were similar between the 2 groups. The 2 groups had comparable clinical accuracy. Clinician and patient satisfaction scores were similar between the 2 groups. At the insertion and review visits, the MZ and MC implant crowns exhibited similar esthetics, and patient and clinician satisfaction. Despite the differences in manufacturing techniques and materials, the 2 crown types had similar clinical accuracy, and required similar insertion and post-insertion adjustments.

To investigate the effect of over-scanning and different cut-out/rescanning procedures on the local trueness of 3D-datasets. A typodont with a prepared tooth (#26) was digitized using an intraoral-scanner (Cerec Primescan, v5.2) to create a master-die. Full-arch scans with a retraction-cord covering the preparation margin were performed and duplicated to obtain four identical scans to be used for each test group: Die-cut Re-scan (Die-RS), Cord-cut Re-scan (Cord-RS), Segmental-cut Re-scan (Seg-RS), and Over-scan (Over-S). After removing the cord, group-specific cut-out-rescanning procedures were performed on each duplicate. For the Over-S group, no cut-out modifications were made; the scanning procedure was continued until the cord's image disappeared. The time-expenditure of rescinding procedures were recorded in seconds for each group. The trueness between the reference master-die and experimental scans (N=15 per-group) was evaluated by the absolute-mean-deviation, root-mean-square-error (RMSE), and the top 0.5% percentile calculations. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni corrections, one-way-ANOVA with Tukey HSD tests (&#x3b1; =0.05). The Seg-RS showed lower RMSE (6.26&#xb1;1.13&#xb5;m) and 0.5% percentile values (20.20&#xb1;6.18&#xb5;m) than the other groups (P<0.05). The absolute-mean-deviation of Seg-RS (5.04&#xb1;0.85&#xb5;m) was lower than the mean deviations of Die-RS (7.97&#xb1;2.91&#xb5;m) and of Cord-RS (5.81&#xb1;1.61&#xb5;m) (P<0.05), but not significantly different from Over-S (4.99&#xb1;2.19&#xb5;m) (P=1.000). Concerning time expenditure, the Die-RS (34&#xb1;9s) showed significantly lower values among the groups (Seg-RS:44&#xb1;5s, Cord-RS:51&#xb1;8s and, Over-S:52&#xb1;7s) (P<0.05). The Seg-RS demonstrated the highest trueness values among the groups. While Die-RS was the most time-efficient approach, the trueness compared to Seg-RS was significantly lower.

This in vitro investigation assessed the influence of scanning strategy on digital impression accuracy of five intraoral scanners (IOSs) for tooth-supported fixed prostheses and determined the optimal strategy for each scanner. A maxillary typodont model with abutment preparations was scanned using a high-precision extraoral scanner (Solutionix C500) to create a reference STL file. Five intraoral scanners (IOSs)-TRIOS 3, TRIOS 5, Aoralscan Elite, Medit i700/w, and Medit i900-were tested. A single operator performed 10 scans per IOS under standardized conditions, employing manufacturer-recommended (MR), scan lock (SL), or smart stitching (SS) scanning strategies based on software compatibility. Geomagic Control X, using best-fit alignment, evaluated the resulting STL files. Trueness and precision were quantified using root mean square (RMS) error, and statistical analysis involved one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test (&#x3b1;=.05). Statistically significant differences in trueness and precision were identified among the intraoral scanners (IOSs) and scanning strategies (P < .01). The Aoralscan Elite consistently exhibited the highest level of accuracy, whereas the TRIOS 3 showed the greatest deviations within the MR and SL subgroups (P < .05). The influence of scanning strategy was significant for the Medit i700/w and Medit i900; however, no such effect was observed for the Aoralscan Elite or the TRIOS devices. The scanning strategy significantly influenced the accuracy of the intraoral scanners (IOSs). Among all evaluated devices, the Aoralscan Elite exhibited the greatest trueness and precision.

This case report highlights the use of a hybrid digital protocol for the fabrication of bimaxillary complete removable dentures (CRDs) in an elderly, fully edentulous patient. The aim was to minimize the number of clinical appointments while achieving functional, esthetic, and durable results. An 84-year-old edentulous patient, previously discouraged by a conventional denture protocol, underwent rehabilitation using a three-appointment hybrid workflow. Digital intraoral and facial scans were captured during the initial visit using custom devices to determine the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and centric relation (CR). In the second session, secondary impressions were taken with polyether materials using digitally fabricated occlusion bases. Intermaxillary relationships were refined with the Gnathometer system, and all records were digitized. Final dentures were virtually designed and milled from poly(methyl methacrylate) discs, integrating the base and teeth into a monolithic structure (Ivotion, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein). The third session focused on prosthesis delivery and functional validation. The hybrid protocol enabled the precise capture of anatomical and functional data while significantly reducing treatment time. The final prostheses demonstrated excellent fit, retention, stability, and occlusion, with no need for adjustments. The patient expressed high satisfaction with both the comfort and efficiency of the process. This case suggests that a hybrid digital protocol may offer a viable alternative for the prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous elderly patients, particularly when reducing chair time is critical. However, these results are limited to a single clinical case and require confirmation through larger-scale studies.

To investigate the effects of build angle and position in the build platform on the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed molar crowns using digital light processing technology (DLP). A mandibular right first molar crown was designed digitally and printed using DLP at nine standardized positions in the build platform at 90-, 120-, 135-, 150-, 180-, 210-, 225-, 240-, and 270-degree build angles. The experiment was repeated three times per build angle. Specimens were scanned with a TRIOS 4 scanner (3Shape). STL files of each specimen were compared to the original file using Geomagic Control X. Accuracy was evaluated by root mean square (RMS), 2D Compare, and simulated coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurements. Results were analyzed using two-way and one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. Build angle influenced the dimensional accuracy of DLP, with the lowest RMS values recorded at 210 degrees and C2 position. Crowns oriented toward 90 degrees (152 &#xb1; 46.6 &#x3bc;m) and 270 degrees (209 &#xb1; 25.7 &#x3bc;m) exhibited the greatest amount of deviation at mesial and distal internal axial surfaces and the greatest amount of deviation at external finish lines, which ranged from -81.9 to 79.9 &#x3bc;m. Molar crowns can be placed in any position of the build platform of a DLP printer. However, crowns should be oriented at build angles that reduce the effects of resin pooling and minimize the number of layers at the finish line to maximize accuracy. A build angle of 210 degrees is recommended for optimal results.

To study the surface characterization and bonding strength of zirconia ceramics following nonthermal argon plasma (NTAP) treatment of different durations. Zirconia ceramics were cut into two sizes of specimens-50 specimens of Type I (10 &#xd7; 10 &#xd7; 2 mm) and 50 specimens of Type II (3 &#xd7; 3 &#xd7; 2 mm)-which were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): blank (group A), sandblasting (group B), and NTAP treatment for 60, 90, and 120 seconds groups (groups C, D, and E, respectively). The changes in surface morphology, roughness, carbon (C) and oxygen (O) elements, and contact angle of sample surfaces were tested with Type I specimens. Type II specimens received the uniform surface treatments and were cemented to isolated teeth using RelyX U200 cement, and the samples were submitted to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that NTAP treatment did not alter the surface morphology and roughness of zirconia ceramics. The amount of C decreased and the amount of O increased, and the contact angle became smaller after NTAP treatment. Among the five groups, group D showed the most extensive changes, and the result of SBS was as follows for NTAP treatment time: 0 < 60 < 90 = 120 seconds (among 60- and 90-second groups, P < .05). NTAP treatment can improve the bond strength of zirconia ceramic by increasing its surface energy and wettability, and the NTAP treatment for 90 seconds may be a suitable surface treatment method for zirconia ceramics.

This proof-of-concept study investigates the marginal and internal fit of lithium disilicate overlays produced using traditional and digital workflows. It also evaluates the influence of variables such as tooth preparation design and 3D printer type on the accuracy of the final restoration. Two extracted maxillary third molars were prepared with two different self-centering preparations (C1 and C2). Impressions were obtained with both conventional polyvinylsiloxane and digital intraoral scanners. Two different 3D printers were employed in this study. Working models were fabricated using conventional plaster and resin-based 3D printing techniques. Lithium disilicate overlays were then produced using both lost-waxing and 3D-printing workflows. All overlays were seated on their corresponding prepared tooth and scanned using micro-CT to assess the marginal and internal fit. The findings of this study revealed that restorations produced via 3D printing demonstrated comparable accuracy in marginal and internal fit to those fabricated through traditional heat-pressing techniques. The flat preparation design (C1) resulted in a superior marginal accuracy of the restorations. Although some differences in marginal accuracy were observed between the two printers tested in this study, these differences consistently remained below 100&#xb5;m. Within the limitations of this proof-of-concept design, both traditional and digital workflows are capable of producing lithium disilicate overlays with clinically acceptable accuracy. This study suggests that 3D printing represents a viable and efficient alternative to conventional techniques for fabricating indirect restorations in clinical practice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using the VirTeaSy Dental simulator in conjunction with a virtual reality headset on student performance in conventional fixed prosthodontics simulations. The study involved 85 novice dental students from the Dental Faculty of XX University, who were randomly assigned to two groups. In phase one, the control group (G1, n=42) completed conventional simulation exercises according to a standardized protocol, while the test group (G2, n=43) performed a combination of immersive haptic simulation followed by conventional simulation exercises. In phase two, the groups were subdivided: G1a and G2a performed the conventional simulation only, while G1b and G2b engaged in both immersive haptic and conventional simulation. This design assessed the effects of continued, delayed, discontinued, or no exposure to immersive haptic simulation. Student performance was evaluated using single-unit prosthetic preparations after each phase using the software prepCheck 3.0. A Bonferroni adjustment was used to control the overall alpha level. A significance threshold of p < 0.025 (5%/2) was used for comparison of the results from phase 1, and p < 0.008 (5%/6) was used for comparisons for phase 2. The results from phase one showed a slightly higher mean score for prosthetic preparation quality in G2 (17.19 &#xb1; 1.53) than G1 (16.55 &#xb1; 1.80), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In phase two, the four subgroup scores were comparable with no significant differences (G1a: 21.90 &#xb1; 3.20, G1b: 22.38 &#xb1; 2.33, G2a: 22.10 &#xb1; 2.40, G2b: 22.95 &#xb1; 2.93). In both phases, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. Combining immersive haptic and conventional simulation in various modalities does not significantly improve student performance in prosthetic preparation compared to conventional simulation alone.

The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific level and publication trends on digital complete dentures through a bibliometric and altmetric analysis. A search was conducted in December 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS-CC). From the selected articles, data related to publication profiles were extracted. Collaboration networks were generated using VOSviewer. Altmetric performance was assessed through the Dimensions platform. The risk of bias in clinical studies was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 Tool. Spearman's correlation was applied for citation data analysis. A total of 306 studies were included. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry was the journal with the highest number of publications (n = 93). Most studies were laboratory (n = 121), focusing on protocol descriptions (n = 128). Mucosa-supported dentures were predominant (n = 207). Printed dentures stood out (n = 105). The United States led in the number of publications (n = 69). Mentions in Mendeley were identified in Dimensions. Collaboration between authors was identified in VOSviewer. This study highlighted the growth of scientific production on digital complete dentures, which are associated with reduced costs and fewer appointments. There was an increase in studies on printed dentures. Despite the presence of clinical trials, studies with higher methodological rigor are still lacking.

Despite growing emphasis on patient-centered care, the extent to which patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used, reported, and interpreted in prosthodontic randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains unclear. This study evaluates the frequency, reporting quality, and interpretability of PROMs in RCTs in prosthodontics published between 2020 and 2025. 228 RCTs from high-impact dental and prosthodontic-specific journals were included. Date were extracted on PROM inclusion and use as primary outcomes, reporting of point estimates and confidence intervals, evidence of validity, reliability, and responsiveness, and use of minimal important difference (MID). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with PROM inclusion. Among 228 trials, 44.3% (n=101) reported PROMs in abstracts and 49.6 % (n=113) in the main text; 39.8 % (n=45) used them as primary outcomes. Only 38.1 % (n=43) reported point estimates with confidence intervals. Evidence of PROM validity, reliability and responsiveness was rarely (15%, n=17) reported. Only two studies (1.8 %) used a MID to interpret trial results. PROM use was more likely in studies assessing the effect of complete denture and esthetic interventions. A slight upward trend in PROM use was observed over time. However, it was not statistically significant. The use of PROMs is increasing slightly but remains inconsistent and lacks methodological rigor. The absence of PROM data in RCTs limits clinical applicability. Greater adherence to methodological standards and reporting statements, including the use of MID and core outcome sets, is essential to improve the quality and relevance of future prosthodontic research.

To evaluate how specific anatomical and planning-related parameters affect the accuracy of immediate implant placement using static guided surgery in the anterior maxilla. This investigation included 29 patients and 40 immediate implants placed in one of the six anterior maxillary teeth using a fully digital static guided protocol. Preoperative planning was performed using STL and CBCT data, and implant positions were planned for screw-retained restorations. Surgical guides were tooth-supported and 3D printed. Postoperative intraoral scans were superimposed onto the virtual plan to measure implant deviation. Angular deviation and 3D offsets at the platform and apex were calculated. Additional variables included the number of socket walls in contact with the first and last drill, drilling depth, and planned alignment relative to the socket's long axis. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Among the 40 implants, 38 showed buccal deviation at the implant platform. Angular deviation averaged 3.03&#xb0; &#xb1; 1.7&#xb0;, and mean 3D offsets at the platform and apex were 0.98 &#xb1; 0.50 mm and 1.23 &#xb1; 0.64 mm, respectively. Implants planned outside the socket's axis exhibited significantly greater deviation regarding the angular deviation and the 3D deviation at the implant apex (p < 0.05). A higher number of socket walls in contact with the drill also correlated with increased angular and apex deviation. Drilling depth showed a weak but non significant correlation with angular deviation. Both anatomical and planning-related factors influence the accuracy of immediate implant placement in the anterior maxilla using static guided surgery. Buccal deviation was consistently observed, and greater deviations occurred when multiple socket walls were engaged or when the implant was not aligned with the socket's natural axis. Careful planning is critical to improve surgical precision.

PURPOSE: To describe the growth and content of the prosthodontic literature over the last 4 decades, to make a prognosis on its probable development in the coming 4 decades and to discuss changes in the content of the International Journal of Prosthodontics (IJP) from its start in 1988 to 2004. METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for articles on prosthodontics published between 1966 and April 2004. All volumes of IJP were examined with respect to type, subject area and geographic origin of articles. RESULTS: Using the term "prosthodontics," the MEDLINE search produced 66,600 hits. The proportion of clinical studies increased from 1% during the first 10-year period to 13% since 2001. Articles on removable dentures decreased during the period reviewed, whereas those on implant prosthodontics increased. Randomized controlled trials were rare and often of inadequate quality. Literature reviews have become popular, but many do not follow current guidelines for systematic reviews. A marked change in geographic origin of articles in IJP has occurred, with a decrease in material from North America and an increase in that from Europe and Asia. The Internet and open-access publishing will probably have a great impact on the future development of the prosthodontic literature. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial changes have occurred in the prosthodontic literature between 1966 and 2004, and they can be expected to continue with the rapid development of information technology and increased use of the Internet.

The choice of retention mechanism in implant-supported restorations (ISRs) strongly influences biological outcomes, with cement-retained ISRs linked to peri-implant complications due to excess cement. Factors such as crown design, margin location, and cement type affect the extent of residual cement and its clinical implications. This prospective, two-arm, non-randomized clinical trial compared cement remnants of self-adhesive resin (RC) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) cement in 30 patients, and 60 ISR. Comparisons were performed on identical pairs of ISR tested within the same patients with a 1-week healing interval. The primary outcome variable was the ratio of cement-covered area to total crown area. Areas were analyzed ex-situ by standardized digital image analysis. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Kruskal-Wallis tests. All specimens showed remnants of residual cement. In the crown-abutment interface, residual cement was detected on all four crown surfaces and for both types of cement, with total relative cement-covered areas ranging from 0.3% to 11.7% and average values between 1.5% (&#xb1; 0.7%) and 2.0%. (&#xb1; 2.4%). RMGIC resulted in higher cement residues than RC in all surfaces except the buccal surface, with differences reaching statistical significance in mesial sites (p=0.007). Other surface comparisons showed no statistical significance. RMGIC resulted in higher residue areas than RC. Within the limitations of this study, cement remnants appear to be unavoidable through standard clinical procedures, emphasizing the need for case-specific choice of the retention mechanism for ISRs. Screw-retained ISRs present a viable alternative.

To compare the in-vitro retentive forces of Novaloc-TiN and Locator attachment systems for two-implant overdentures before and after insertion-removal and compressive cyclic loading, representing up to 12 months of wear. Insertion-removal and compression-cycles of two-implant Novaloc (Novaloc&#xae; TiN, Straumann) and Locator (Locator&#xae;, Straumann) overdenture attachments embedded into 3D-printed acrylic blocks were performed (n=10 each). For compressive cycling, a force approximating 66.7-N was applied at the center of the blocks using a Bose ElectroForce Fatigue Testing machine over a sum of 300,000 cycles per sample. The retentive force was recorded at baseline and after certain insertion-removal (23, 270, 540, and 1080) and compression-cycles (5k, 25k, 75k, 150k, and 300k). Deformation and crystallization were assessed using micro-computed tomography and differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermal gravimetric analysis. Compressive cycling of two-implant overdenture yielded a greater retentive force for Locator attachments relative to Novaloc-TiN attachments at simulated mastication equivalent to one-week, one, three, six and 12-months of wear. However, Locator attachments displayed fluctuating retentive forces throughout the 300,000-cycle duration. Retention forces for Novaloc system had no significant differences between baseline and the following 300,000 cycles, indicating consistent retention throughout the cycling duration. Similarly, insertion-removal cycles resulted in retention loss for Locator, whereas Novaloc showed more consistency. Novaloc-TiN system offers superior durability following compressive and insertion-removal cycling. This indicates more longevity for retentive forces relative to Locator attachment system, despite the lower overall retentive forces of Novaloc attachments.