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Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic MedicineVol. 22, No. 4 Research Letter: COVID-19Video Conferencing Impact on Facial Appearance: Looking Beyond the COVID-19 PandemicRobert T. Cristel, Daniel Demesh, and Steven H. DayanRobert T. Cristel*Address correspondence to: Robert T. Cristel, MD, Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor, Suite 2.42, Chicago, IL 60612, USA, E-mail Address: [email protected]Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.Search for more papers by this author, Daniel DemeshDivision of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.Search for more papers by this author, and Steven H. DayanDivision of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.DeNova Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA.Chicago Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:2 Jul 2020https://doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2020.0279AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookXLinked InRedditEmail View article"Video Conferencing Impact on Facial Appearance: Looking Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic." Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine, 22(4), pp. 238–239FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byUnravelling the veil of appearance anxiety: exploring social media use among Chinese young people2 January 2024 | BMC Psychology, Vol. 12, No. 1Effects of videoconferencing use on momentary changes in disordered eating urges, body dissatisfaction, and mood8 October 2023 | European Eating Disorders Review, Vol. 32, No. 2Complications, Treatment, and Outcomes of Self-Injecting Substances Into the Face: A Systematic Review17 November 2023 | Dermatologic Surgery, Vol. 50, No. 1Increased Prevalence of Positive Body Dysmorphic Disorder Screening Among Rhinoplasty Consultations During the COVID-19 Era Eric X. Wei, Allen Green, Cherian K. Kandathil, and Sam P. 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Martin, Amir A. Hakimi, Cameron McIntosh, and Brian J.F. Wong15 March 2022 | Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine, Vol. 24, No. 2COVID-19: Effect on Indian Beauty Industry25 September 2022Plastic and reconstructive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts on healthcare workers, financing, and governance2 June 2022 | Archives of Plastic Surgery, Vol. 49, No. 01Quebec Nurses’ Perceptions of the Integration of Sustainable Diet Promotion Into Clinical Appointments: A Qualitative Study22 December 2022 | Science of Nursing and Health Practices, Vol. 5, No. 2The Zoom Effect: Exploring the Impact of Video Calling on Appearance Dissatisfaction and Interest in Aesthetic Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic19 June 2021 | Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Vol. 41, No. 12The impact of COVD‐19 on North American dermatology practices18 September 2021 | Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Vol. 20, No. 11Effects of COVID‐19 on Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Fellowship Training and Director Practices13 May 2021 | OTO Open, Vol. 5, No. 2Facial Cosmetic Surgery in the Post-COVID Era20 March 2021 | The American Journal of Cosmetic SurgeryZooming into cosmetic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic: The provider’s perspectiveInternational Journal of Women's Dermatology, Vol. 7, No. 2Virtual Interviewing Tips for the Otolaryngology Match Cycle During the COVID‐19 Pandemic2 February 2021 | OTO Open, Vol. 5, No. 1The Impact of COVID-19 on Patient Interest in Facial Plastic Surgery22 October 2021 | Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, Vol. 9, No. 10Coronavirus Disease-19 and Rhinology/Facial PlasticsOtolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Vol. 53, No. 6 Volume 22Issue 4Aug 2020 InformationCopyright 2020, American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inc.To cite this article:Robert T. Cristel, Daniel Demesh, and Steven H. Dayan.Video Conferencing Impact on Facial Appearance: Looking Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine.Aug 2020.238-239.http://doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2020.0279Published in Volume: 22 Issue 4: July 2, 2020Online Ahead of Print:June 9, 2020 TopicsCOVID-19Video assisted surgery PDF download

Dear Readership, It is my great pleasure to present to you this special issue on medical complications in eating disorders for the International Journal of Eating Disorders. Eating disorders are complex psychiatric disorders and their treatment typically involves professionals from different specialties. This diversity of health care providers was a special motivation for me when editing this issue together with Dr. Philip Mehler. The medical complications of eating disorders are complex and it is important that anyone involved in the care of an individual with an eating disorder is aware of and understands those issues, regardless of whether we provide psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care, are a member of an interdisciplinary treatment team as a dietitian or occupational therapist, or provide medical care. The articles have been written with the goal to appeal to a broad readership, and by the same time we have made every effort to provide the most recent information and highest quality papers. Particularly important was for us that the information in the articles in this issue provide practical guidance for clinicians to help patients with eating disorders. There is debate whether providing the best medical care is primarily preventing morbidity and mortality or whether optimized medical care may even help shorten the duration of the eating disorder. What seems clear though is that the right medical care can improve quality of life for our patients and reduce suffering. Having worked in this field for 20 years, at first as a psychotherapist and then as psychiatrist and brain researcher, I deeply appreciate the medical aspects associated with eating disorders as patients typically are very grateful when they get relief from those complications. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Weissman, the Editor in Chief of the International Journal of Eating Disorders for making this issue possible, to Dr. Mehler for his hard work on this issue and especially to all authors and reviewers who helped compile these comprehensive reviews on medical complications in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. I hope that you will find this special issue an interesting read, a helpful resource in your clinical work as well as an enrichment for your conceptualization of the pathophysiology of eating disorders. Guido K.W. Frank, MD, FAED Associate Editor, International Journal of Eating Disorders

BACKGROUND: Bulimia nervosa and related syndromes such as binge eating disorder are common in young Western women. A specific manual-based form of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been developed for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (CBT-BN). Other psychotherapies, some from a different theoretical framework, and some modifications of CBT are also used. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of CBT and CBT-BN and compare them with other psychotherapies in the treatment of adults with bulimia nervosa or related syndromes of recurrent binge eating. SEARCH STRATEGY: A handsearch of The International Journal of Eating Disorders since its first issue; database searches of MEDLINE, EXTRAMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CURRENT CONTENTS, LILACS, SCISEARCH, CENTRAL and the The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety & Neurosis Controlled Trials Register; citation list searching and personal approaches to authors were used. SELECTION CRITERIA: All studies that have tested any form of psychotherapy for adults with non-purging bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and/or other types of eating disorders of a bulimic type (eating disorder, not otherwise specified, or EDNOS), and which applied a randomised controlled and standardised outcome methodology. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were analysed using the Review Manager software program. Relative risks were calculated for binary outcome data. Standardized mean differences were calculated for continuous variable outcome data. A fixed effects model was used to analyse the data. Sensitivity analyses of a number of measures of trial quality were conducted. Data were not reported in such a way to permit subgroup analyses, but the effects of treatment on depressive symptoms, psychosocial and/or interpersonal functioning, general psychiatric symptoms and weight were examined where possible. Funnel plots were drawn to investigate the presence of publication bias. MAIN RESULTS: The review supported the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy (CBT) and particularly CBT-BN in the treatment of people with bulimia nervosa and also (but less strongly due to the small number of trials) related eating disorder syndromes. CBT was also shown to be effective in group settings. Other psychotherapies were also efficacious, particularly interpersonal psychotherapy in the longer-term. Self-help approaches that used highly structured CBT treatment manuals, were promising albeit with more modest results generally, and their evaluation in bulimia nervosa merits further research. Exposure and Response Prevention did not appear to enhance the efficacy of CBT.Psychotherapy alone is unlikely to reduce or change body weight in people with bulimia nervosa or similar eating disorders. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: There is a small body of evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behaviour therapy in bulimia nervosa and similar syndromes, but the quality of trials is very variable and sample sizes are often small. More trials of CBT are needed, particularly for binge eating disorder and other EDNOS syndromes. Trials evaluating other psychotherapies and less intensive psychotherapies should also be conducted.

BACKGROUND: Bulimia Nervosa (BN) represents an important public health problem and is related to serious morbidity and even mortality. This review attempted to systematically evaluate the use of antidepressant medications compared with placebo for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review was to determine whether using antidepressant medications was clinically effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. The secondary objectives were:(i) to examine whether there was a differential effect for the various classes/types of antidepressants with regard to effectiveness and tolerability(ii) to test the hypothesis that the effect of antidepressants on bulimic symptoms was independent of its effect on depressive symptoms SEARCH STRATEGY: (1) electronic searches of MEDLINE (1966 to December 2002), EMBASE (1980-December 2002), PsycINFO (to December 2002), LILACS & SCISEARCH (to 2002)(2) the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Register - ongoing(3) inspection of the references of all identified trials(4) contact with the pharmaceutical companies and the principal investigator of included trials(5) inspection of the International Journal of Eating Disorders - ongoing INCLUSION CRITERIA: every randomised, placebo-controlled trial in which antidepressant medications were compared to placebo to reduce the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in patients of any age or gender.Quality criteria: reports were considered adequate if they were classified as A or B according to the Cochrane Manual. The Jadad scale, with a cut off of 2 points, was applied to check the validity of the above referred criterion but was not used as an inclusion criterion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers for each included trial. Dichotomous data were evaluated by the relative risk with 95% confidence intervals (CI) around this measure, based on the random effects model; continuous data were evaluated by the standardised mean difference with the 95% CI. NNT was calculated using the inverse of the absolute risk reduction. MAIN RESULTS: Currently the review includes 19 trials comparing antidepressants with placebo: 6 trials with TCAs (imipramine, desipramine and amitriptyline), 5 with SSRIs (fluoxetine), 5 with MAOIs (phenelzine, isocarboxazid, moclobemide and brofaromine) and 3 with other classes of drugs (mianserin, trazodone and bupropion). Similar results were obtained in terms of efficacy for these different groups of drugs. The pooled RR for remission of binge episodes was 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.93; p<0,001) favouring drugs. The NNT for a mean treatment duration of 8 weeks, taking the non-remission rate in the placebo controls of 92% as a measure of the baseline risk was 9 (95% CI 6 - 16). The RR for clinical improvement, defined as a reduction of 50% or more in binge episodes was 0.63 (95% CI 0.55-0.74) and the NNT for a mean treatment duration of 9 weeks was 4 (95% CI 3 - 6), with a non-improvement rate of 67% in the placebo group. Patients treated with antidepressants were more likely to interrupt prematurely the treatment due to adverse events. Patients treated with TCAs dropped out due to any cause more frequently that patients treated with placebo. The opposite was found for those treated with fluoxetine, suggesting it may be a more acceptable treatment. Independence between antidepressant and anti-bulimic effects could not be evaluated due to incomplete published data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The use of a single antidepressant agent was clinically effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa when compared to placebo, with an overall greater remission rate but a higher rate of dropouts. No differential effect regarding efficacy and tolerability among the various classes of antidepressants could be demonstrated.

Individual differences in several aspects of eating style have been implicated in the development of weight problems in children and adults, but there are presently no reliable and valid scales that assess a range of dimensions of eating style. This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a parent-rated instrument to assess eight dimensions of eating style in children; the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Constructs for inclusion were derived both from the existing literature on eating behaviour in children and adults, and from interviews with parents. They included responsiveness to food, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating. fussiness, emotional overeating, emotional undereating. and desire for drinks. A large pool of items covering each of these constructs was developed. The number of items was then successively culled through analysis of responses from three samples of families of young children (N = 131; N = 187; N = 218), to produce a 35-item instrument with eight scales which were internally valid and had good test-retest reliability. Investigation of variations by gender and age revealed only minimal gender differences in any aspect of eating style. Satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating diminished from age 3 to 8. Enjoyment of food and food responsiveness increased over this age range. The CEBQ should provide a useful measure of eating style for research into the early precursors of obesity or eating disorders. This is especially important in relation to the growing evidence for the heritability of obesity, where good measurement of the associated behavioural phenotype will be crucial in investigating the contribution of inherited variations in eating behaviour to the process of weight gain.

BACKGROUND: Psychotherapeutic approaches, mainly cognitive behavior therapy, and antidepressant medication are the two treatment modalities that have received most support in controlled outcome studies of bulimia nervosa. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to conduct a systematic review of all RCTs comparing antidepressants with psychological approaches or comparing their combination with each single approach for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. SEARCH STRATEGY: (1) electronic searches of MEDLINE (1966 to December 2000), EMBASE (1980-December 2000), PsycLIT (to December 2000), LILACS & SCISEARCH (to 1999) (2) the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group Register - ongoing (3) handsearches of the references of all identified trials (4) contact with the pharmaceutical companies and the principal investigator of each included trial (5) handsearch of the International Journal of Eating Disorders - ongoing INCLUSION CRITERIA: every randomized controlled trial in which antidepressants were compared with psychological treatments or the combination of antidepressants with psychological approaches was compared to each treatment alone, to reduce the symptoms of bulimia nervosa in patients of any age or gender. Quality criteria: reports were considered adequate if they were classified as A or B according to the Cochrane Manual. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted independently by two reviewers for each included trial. The main outcome for efficacy was full remission of bulimic symptoms, defined as 100% reduction in binge or purge episodes from baseline to endpoint. Dichotomous data was evaluated by the relative risks and 95% confidence intervals around this measure, based on the random effects model; continuous data was evaluated by the average difference and the 95% confidence interval. Number needed to treat (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH) were calculated using the inverse of the absolute risk reduction. MAIN RESULTS: Five trials were included in comparison one (antidepressants versus psychological treatments), five in comparison two (antidepressants versus the combination) and seven in comparison three (psychological treatments versus the combination). Remission rates were 20% for single antidepressants compared to 39% for single psychotherapy (DerSimonian-Laird Relative Risk = 1.28; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.98;1.67). Dropout rates were higher for antidepressants than for psychotherapy (DerSimonian-Laird Relative Risk = 2.18; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.09;4.35). The NNH for a mean treatment duration of 17.5 weeks was 4 (95% confidence interval = 3;11). Comparison two found remission rates of 42% for the combination versus 23% for antidepressants (DerSimonian-Laird Relative Risk = 1.38; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.98;1.93). Comparison three showed a 36% pooled remission rate for psychological approaches compared to 49% for the combination (DerSimonian-Laird Relative Risk = 1.21; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.02;1.45). The NNT for a mean treatment duration of 15 weeks was 8 (95% Confidence Interval = 4;320). Dropout rates were higher for the combination compared to single psychological treatments (DerSimonian-Laird Relative Risk = 0.57; 95% Confidence Interval = 0.38;0.88). The NNH was 7 (95% Confidence Interval = 4;21). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Using a more conservative statistical approach, combination treatments were superior to single psychotherapy. This was the only statistically significant difference between treatments. The number of trials might be insufficient to show the statistical significance of a 19% absolute risk reduction in efficacy favouring psychotherapy or combination treatments over single antidepressants. Psychotherapy appeared to be more acceptable to subjects. When antidepressants were combined to psychological treatments, acceptability of the latter was significantly reduced.

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly disrupted people's daily life and contributed to adverse health and mental health outcomes. People with pre-existing mental health conditions are particularly likely to experience symptom exacerbation. Complementing the adverse impacts of the pandemic are eating disorder specific risk factors for worsening of eating disorder symptoms and/or impeding treatment progress and recovery. For this joint Virtual Issue, we selected 15 articles that have been published in two leading journals in the field of eating disorders (International Journal of Eating Disorders and Journal of Eating Disorders) to highlight studies that offer information about individuals' lived experience with an eating disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. In these studies, most participants reported worsening of eating disorder symptoms which they attributed to challenges arising from changes in daily routines including eating and exercise related habits, increased stress, and diminished social contacts. These research findings reported a mixed picture about patients' perceptions of the ease of the transition to virtual delivery of treatment and the quality of care they received during the pandemic. Qualitative studies suggested strategies for supporting people with eating disorders during pandemic conditions, with some of these holding promise for improving care for individuals who experience an eating disorder.

Previous studies have used a query-based approach to search and gather scientific literature. Instead, the current study focused on domain-specific journals in the field of eating disorders. A total of 8651 documents (since 1981 to 2020), from which 7899 had an abstract, were retrieved from: International Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 4185, 48.38%), Eating and Weight Disorders (n = 1540, 17.80%), European Eating Disorders Review (n = 1461, 16.88%), Eating Disorders (n = 1072, 12.39%), and Journal of Eating Disorders (n = 393, 4.54%). To analyze these data, diverse methodologies were employed: bibliometrics (to identify top cited documents), network analysis (to identify the most representative scholars and collaboration networks), and topic modeling (to retrieve major topics using text mining, natural language processing, and machine learning algorithms). The results showed that the most cited documents were related to instruments used for the screening and evaluation of eating disorders, followed by review articles related to the epidemiology, course and outcome of eating disorders. Network analysis identified well-known scholars in the field, as well as their collaboration networks. Finally, topic modeling identified 10 major topics whereas a time series analysis of these topics identified relevant historical shifts. This study discusses the results in terms of future opportunities in the field of eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of high morbidity and significant mortality. It is commonest in young adult women, in whom the incidence may be increasing. The focus of treatment has moved to an outpatient setting and a number of differing psychotherapies are presently used in treatment. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present review was to evaluate the evidence from randomised controlled trials for the efficacy of outpatient psychotherapies used in the treatment of older adolescents and adults with anorexia nervosa SEARCH STRATEGY: The strategy comprised database searches of MEDLINE, EXTRAMED, EMBASE,PSYCLIT, CURRENT CONTENTS, Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register and the Depression and Anxiety Neuroses Cochrane Group (CCDAN), a hand-search of The International Journal of Eating Disorders, and he reference lists of all papers selected. Personal letters were sent to identified notable researchers published in the area, requesting information on trials that are unpublished or in progress. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials of adult individual outpatient therapy for anorexia nervosa as defined by the DSM-IV or similar international criterion. Quality ratings were made according to the CCDAN criteria and in addition, whether the trial had examined treatment integrity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A range of outcome variables were selected, including physical state, severity of eating disorder attitudes and beliefs, interpersonal function, and general psychiatric symptom severity. Continuous outcome data comparisons were made with the standardized mean difference statistic, and binary outcome comparisons made with the relative risk statistic. Reliability of data extraction and quality ratings were made with the kappa statistic. Sensitivity analyses to evaluate the effects of trial quality and subgroup analyses to explore specific questions of treatment effects from different settings, frequency and duration of therapies were planned. MAIN RESULTS: Six small trials only, two of which included children or adolescents, were identified from the search and aggregation of data was not possible. Bias was possible due particularly to lack of blinding of outcome assessments. The results in two trials suggested that 'treatment as usual' or similar may be less efficacious than a specific psychotherapy. No specific treatment was consistently superior to any other specific approach. Dietary advice as a control arm had a 100% non-completion rate in one trial. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: No specific approach can be recommended from this review. It is unclear why 'treatment as usual' performed so poorly or why dietary advice alone appeared so unacceptable as the reasons for non-completion were not reported. There is an urgent need for large well-designed trials in his area.

BACKGROUND: A specific manual-based form of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been developed for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (CBT-BN) and other common related syndromes such as binge eating disorder. Other psychotherapies and modifications of CBT are also used. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of CBT, CBT-BN and other psychotherapies in the treatment of adults with bulimia nervosa or related syndromes of recurrent binge eating. SEARCH STRATEGY: Handsearch of The International Journal of Eating Disorders since first issue; database searches of MEDLINE, EXTRAMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CURRENT CONTENTS, LILACS, SCISEARCH, CENTRAL and the The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety & Neurosis Controlled Trials Register; citation list searching and personal approaches to authors were used. Search date June 2007. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy for adults with bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and/or eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) of a bulimic type which applied a standardised outcome methodology and had less than 50% drop-out rate. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were analysed using the Review Manager software program. Relative risks were calculated for binary outcome data. Standardised mean differences were calculated for continuous variable outcome data. A random effects model was applied. MAIN RESULTS: 48 studies (n = 3054 participants) were included. The review supported the efficacy of CBT and particularly CBT-BN in the treatment of people with bulimia nervosa and also (but less strongly due to the small number of trials) related eating disorder syndromes.Other psychotherapies were also efficacious, particularly interpersonal psychotherapy in the longer-term. Self-help approaches that used highly structured CBT treatment manuals were promising. Exposure and Response Prevention did not enhance the efficacy of CBT.Psychotherapy alone is unlikely to reduce or change body weight in people with bulimia nervosa or similar eating disorders. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is a small body of evidence for the efficacy of CBT in bulimia nervosa and similar syndromes, but the quality of trials is very variable and sample sizes are often small. More and larger trials are needed, particularly for binge eating disorder and other EDNOS syndromes. There is a need to develop more efficacious therapies for those with both a weight and an eating disorder.

AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the scientific literature about social networks and social support in eating disorders (ED). METHODS: By combining keywords, an integrative review was performed. It included publications from 2006-2013, retrieved from the MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases. The selection of articles was based on preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: A total of 24 articles were selected for data extraction. There was a predominance of studies that used nonexperimental and descriptive designs, and which were published in international journals. This review provided evidence of the fact that fully consolidated literature regarding social support and social networks in patients with ED is not available, given the small number of studies dedicated to the subject. We identified evidence that the family social network of patients with ED has been widely explored by the literature, although there is a lack of studies about other networks and sources of social support outside the family. CONCLUSION: The evidence presented in this study shows the need to include other social networks in health care. This expansion beyond family networks would include significant others - such as friends, colleagues, neighbors, people from religious groups, among others - who could help the individual coping with the disorder. The study also highlights the need for future research on this topic, as well as a need for greater investment in publications on the various dimensions of social support and social networks.

Marchetti and Sawrikar (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2023) used the framework of the Common-Sense Model of the Self-Regulation to explore the perceptions and experiences of parents caring for individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) from a systematic review of the literature. The studies they reviewed delved into the subjective experiences of parents and considered the influence of emotional and cognitive representations of AN which were predominantly negative. Parents play a key role in all stages of the management of an eating disorder and so our commentary sets the findings into the wider context of eating disorder services. It is important that we continue to forge a collaborative approach with parents that addresses their needs and insights to improve our knowledge about, and services for people with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of eating disorder journals to guide journal readers and researchers when submitting their manuscripts. METHOD: Several indices were used to compare journal impact and citations of articles appearing between 1996 and 2010 in six eating disorders journals and six leading general psychiatry journals. RESULTS: The International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) had the highest journal impact factor (JIF, 2.278) of the six eating disorders' journals. The general psychiatry journals had higher JIFs and received more citations per eating disorder article than the specialized journals. However, IJED published the highest number of eating disorder articles between 1996 and 2010, and 35 of these articles received at least 100 citations. DISCUSSION: Using the JIF alone to decide where to submit a manuscript is a poor strategy, as this does not take into consideration the impact an article can have within the eating disorder's field over time.

This editorial reports on an anonymous survey question posed to eating disorders researchers about changes the International Journal of Eating Disorders (IJED) should implement to support the eating disorders research community affected by COVID-19. The editorial accompanies an IJED article that details responses to the larger survey focusing more broadly on COVID-19-related research disruptions. Survey invitations were sent to editorial board members of eating disorders journals, members of eating disorder scientific organizations (e.g., Eating Disorders Research Society), and individuals who provided at least three IJED reviews in the prior 12 months. We reviewed the responses of 187 participants and identified three categories of changes that: (a) had already been implemented by the journal, (b) cannot be implemented because they fall outside the scope of IJED, or (c) will be implemented in coming weeks or months. The latter category includes publishing topical COVID-19 papers, making some COVID-19-related content available open access, revising statistical guidelines, and issuing author guidance on reporting protocol changes caused by COVID-19-related disruptions. IJED recognizes the disruptive impacts that COVID-19 has on all activities in our field, including clinical work, teaching, and advocacy, and is committed to supporting authors during this difficult time while striving to publish high-quality research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID-19-related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an illness characterised by extreme concern about body weight and shape, severe self-imposed weight loss, and endocrine dysfunction. In spite of its high mortality, morbidity and chronicity, there are few intervention studies on the subject. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressant drugs in the treatment of acute AN. SEARCH STRATEGY: The strategy comprised of database searches of the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE (1966 to April 28th, 2005), EMBASE (1980 to week 36, 2004), PsycINFO (1969 to August week 5, 2004), handsearching the International Journal of Eating Disorders and searching the reference lists of all papers selected. Personal letters were sent to researchers in the field requesting information on unpublished or in-progress trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials of antidepressant treatment for AN patients, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition (DSM-IV) or similar international criteria, were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Quality ratings were made giving consideration to the strong relationship between allocation concealment and potential for bias in the results; studies meeting criteria A and B were included. Trials were excluded if non-completion rates were above 50%. The standardised mean difference and relative risk were used for continuous data and dichotomous data comparisons, respectively. Whenever possible, analyses were performed according to intention-to-treat principles. Heterogeneity was tested with the I-squared statistic. Weight change was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were severity of eating disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms, and global clinical state. Acceptability of treatment was evaluated by considering non-completion rates. MAIN RESULTS: Only seven studies were included. Major methodological limitations such as small trial size and large confidence intervals decreased the power of the studies to detect differences between treatments, and meta-analysis of data was not possible for the majority of outcomes. Four placebo-controlled trials did not find evidence that antidepressants improved weight gain, eating disorder or associated psychopathology. Isolated findings, favouring amineptine and nortriptyline, emerged from the antidepressant versus antidepressant comparisons, but cannot be conceived as evidence of efficacy of a specific drug or class of antidepressant in light of the findings from the placebo comparisons. Non-completion rates were similar between the compared groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: A lack of quality information precludes us from drawing definite conclusions or recommendations on the use of antidepressants in acute AN. Future studies testing safer and more tolerable antidepressants in larger, well designed trials are needed to provide guidance for clinical practice.