搜索结果：The Canadian journal of ob/gyn & women's health care

The health needs of those living in resource-limited settings are a vastly overlooked and understudied area in the intersection of machine learning (ML) and health care. While the use of ML in health care is more recently popularized over the last few years from the advancement of deep learning, low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) have already been undergoing a digital transformation of their own in health care over the last decade, leapfrogging milestones due to the adoption of mobile health (mHealth). With the introduction of new technologies, it is common to start afresh with a top-down approach, and implement these technologies in isolation, leading to lack of use and a waste of resources. In this paper, we outline the necessary considerations both from the perspective of current gaps in research, as well as from the lived experiences of health care professionals in resource-limited settings. We also outline briefly several key components of successful implementation and deployment of technologies within health systems in LMICs, including technical and cultural considerations in the development process relevant to the building of machine learning solutions. We then draw on

This study is mainly aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of current health care systems of several representative countries and improving that of the US. To achieve these goals, a people-oriented non-linear evaluation model is designed. It comprises one major evaluation metric and four minor metrics. The major metric is constituted by combining possible factors that most significantly determine or affect the life expectancy of people in this country. The four minor metrics evaluate less important aspects of health care systems and are subordinate to the major one. The authors rank some of the health care systems in the world according to the major metric and detect problems in them with the help of minor ones. It is concluded that the health care system of Sweden scores higher than the US and Chinese system scores lower than that of the US. Especially, the health care system of US lags behind a little bit compared with its economic power. At last, it is reasonable for the American government to optimize the arrangement of funding base on the result of goal programming model.

Using the Scopus dataset (1996-2007) a grand matrix of aggregated journal-journal citations was constructed. This matrix can be compared in terms of the network structures with the matrix contained in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). Since the Scopus database contains a larger number of journals and covers also the humanities, one would expect richer maps. However, the matrix is in this case sparser than in the case of the ISI data. This is due to (i) the larger number of journals covered by Scopus and (ii) the historical record of citations older than ten years contained in the ISI database. When the data is highly structured, as in the case of large journals, the maps are comparable, although one may have to vary a threshold (because of the differences in densities). In the case of interdisciplinary journals and journals in the social sciences and humanities, the new database does not add a lot to what is possible with the ISI databases.

Using "Analyze Results" at the Web of Science, one can directly generate overlays onto global journal maps of science. The maps are based on the 10,000+ journals contained in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Science and Social Science Citation Indices (2011). The disciplinary diversity of the retrieval is measured in terms of Rao-Stirling's "quadratic entropy." Since this indicator of interdisciplinarity is normalized between zero and one, the interdisciplinarity can be compared among document sets and across years, cited or citing. The colors used for the overlays are based on Blondel et al.'s (2008) community-finding algorithms operating on the relations journals included in JCRs. The results can be exported from VOSViewer with different options such as proportional labels, heat maps, or cluster density maps. The maps can also be web-started and/or animated (e.g., using PowerPoint). The "citing" dimension of the aggregated journal-journal citation matrix was found to provide a more comprehensive description than the matrix based on the cited archive. The relations between local and global maps and their different functions in studying the sciences in terms of journal lit

Growth of the older adult population has led to an increasing interest in technology-supported aged care. However, the area has some challenges such as a lack of caregivers and limitations in understanding the emotional, social, physical, and mental well-being needs of seniors. Furthermore, there is a gap in the understanding between developers and ageing people of their requirements. Digital health can be important in supporting older adults wellbeing, emotional requirements, and social needs. Requirements Engineering (RE) is a major software engineering field, which can help to identify, elicit and prioritize the requirements of stakeholders and ensure that the systems meet standards for performance, reliability, and usability. We carried out a systematic review of the literature on RE for older adult digital health software. This was necessary to show the representatives of the current stage of understanding the needs of older adults in aged care digital health. Using established guidelines outlined by the Kitchenham method, the PRISMA and the PICO guideline, we developed a protocol, followed by the systematic exploration of eight databases. This resulted in 69 primary studies o

The onset of several silent, chronic diseases such as diabetes can be detected only through diagnostic tests. Due to cost considerations, self-reported outcomes are routinely collected in lieu of expensive diagnostic tests in large-scale prospective investigations such as the Women's Health Initiative. However, self-reported outcomes are subject to imperfect sensitivity and specificity. Using a semiparametric likelihood-based approach, we present time to event models to estimate the association of one or more covariates with a error-prone, self-reported outcome. We present simulation studies to assess the effect of error in self-reported outcomes with regard to bias in the estimation of the regression parameter of interest. We apply the proposed methods to prospective data from 152,830 women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative to evaluate the effect of statin use with the risk of incident diabetes mellitus among postmenopausal women. The current analysis is based on follow-up through 2010, with a median duration of follow-up of 12.1 years. The methods proposed in this paper are readily implemented using our freely available R software package icensmis, which is available at t

Hospitals and health care organizations collect large amounts of detailed health care data that is in high demand by researchers. Thus, the possessors of such data are in need of methods that allow for this data to be released without compromising the confidentiality of the individuals to whom it pertains. As the geographic aspect of this data is becoming increasingly relevant for research being conducted, it is important for an \emph{anonymization} process to pay due attention to the geographic attributes of such data. In this paper, a novel system for health care data anonymization is presented. At the core of the system is the aggregation of an initial regionalization guided by the use of a Voronoi diagram. We conduct a comparison with another geographic-based system of anonymization, GeoLeader. We show that our system is capable of producing results of a comparable quality with a much faster running time.

Until this century, the number of working female scientists has been indeterminate. Prevailing wisdom indicates that women, historically, have not excelled in the mathematics and sciences, for various reasons. These range from societal pressures to marry and bear children, to a lack of systematic scientific education for females, to the lack of opportunity in institutions and industry. Women, until comparatively recently, were not in control of their own financial lives, and were therefore dependent upon the goodwill of a husband, father or brother, should they attempt to enter academic life. Many times, their accomplishments, and the accomplishments of these collaborating relatives, become so merged as to become indistinguishable. Nevertheless, with all these factors working against them, history records an occasional bright star. Their diaries, memoirs and correspondence detail both the similarities and the differences between their roles and the roles of modern female scientists, in their own minds, and in the estimation of those closest to them. There exists, in science, a dichotomy between the desire to understand one's universe, and the desire to change the understanding of o

Past research has shown the benefits of food journaling in promoting mindful eating and healthier food choices. However, the links between journaling and healthy eating have not been thoroughly examined. Beyond caloric restriction, do journalers consistently and sufficiently consume healthful diets? How different are their eating habits compared to those of average consumers who tend to be less conscious about health? In this study, we analyze the healthy eating behaviors of active food journalers using data from MyFitnessPal. Surprisingly, our findings show that food journalers do not eat as healthily as they should despite their proclivity to health eating and their food choices resemble those of the general populace. Furthermore, we find that the journaling duration is only a marginal determinant of healthy eating outcomes and sociodemographic factors, such as gender and regions of residence, are much more predictive of healthy food choices.

This review underscores the vital role of interoperability in digital health, advocating for a standardized framework. It focuses on implementing a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) server, addressing technical, semantic, and process challenges. FHIR's adaptability ensures uniformity within Primary Care Health Information Systems, fostering interoperability. Patient data management complexities highlight the pivotal role of semantic interoperability in seamless patient care. FHIR standards enhance these efforts, offering multiple pathways for data search. The ADR-guided FHIR server implementation systematically addresses challenges related to patient identity, biometrics, and data security. The detailed development phases emphasize architecture, API integration, and security. The concluding stages incorporate forward-looking approaches, including HHIMS Synthetic Dataset testing. Envisioning FHIR integration as transformative, it anticipates a responsive healthcare environment aligned with the evolving digital health landscape, ensuring comprehensive, dynamic, and interconnected systems for efficient data exchange and access.

Citation network analysis has become one of methods to study how scientific knowledge flows from one domain to another. Health informatics is a multidisciplinary field that includes social science, software engineering, behavioral science, medical science and others. In this study, we perform an analysis of citation statistics from health informatics journals using data set extracted from CrossRef. For each health informatics journal, we extract the number of citations from/to studies related to computer science, medicine/clinical medicine and other fields, including the number of self-citations from the health informatics journal. With a similar number of articles used in our analysis, we show that the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) has more in-citations than the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR); while JMIR has a higher number of out-citations and self-citations. We also show that JMIR cites more articles from health informatics journals and medicine related journals. In addition, the Journal of Medical Systems (JMS) cites more articles from computer science journals compared with other health informatics journals included in our analysi

Mobile health has the potential to revolutionize health care delivery and patient engagement. In this work, we discuss how integrating Artificial Intelligence into digital health applications-focused on supply chain, patient management, and capacity building, among other use cases-can improve the health system and public health performance. We present an Artificial Intelligence and Reinforcement Learning platform that allows the delivery of adaptive interventions whose impact can be optimized through experimentation and real-time monitoring. The system can integrate multiple data sources and digital health applications. The flexibility of this platform to connect to various mobile health applications and digital devices and send personalized recommendations based on past data and predictions can significantly improve the impact of digital tools on health system outcomes. The potential for resource-poor settings, where the impact of this approach on health outcomes could be more decisive, is discussed specifically. This framework is, however, similarly applicable to improving efficiency in health systems where scarcity is not an issue.

Rankings of scholarly journals based on citation data are often met with skepticism by the scientific community. Part of the skepticism is due to disparity between the common perception of journals' prestige and their ranking based on citation counts. A more serious concern is the inappropriate use of journal rankings to evaluate the scientific influence of authors. This paper focuses on analysis of the table of cross-citations among a selection of Statistics journals. Data are collected from the Web of Science database published by Thomson Reuters. Our results suggest that modelling the exchange of citations between journals is useful to highlight the most prestigious journals, but also that journal citation data are characterized by considerable heterogeneity, which needs to be properly summarized. Inferential conclusions require care in order to avoid potential over-interpretation of insignificant differences between journal ratings. Comparison with published ratings of institutions from the UK's Research Assessment Exercise shows strong correlation at aggregate level between assessed research quality and journal citation `export scores' within the discipline of Statistics.

Demand for health care is constantly increasing due to the ongoing demographic change, while at the same time health service providers face difficulties in finding skilled personnel. This creates pressure on health care systems around the world, such that the efficient, nationwide provision of primary health care has become one of society's greatest challenges. Due to the complexity of health care systems, unforeseen future events, and a frequent lack of data, analyzing and optimizing the performance of health care systems means tackling a wicked problem. To support this task for primary care, this paper introduces the hybrid agent-based simulation model SiM-Care. SiM-Care models the interactions of patients and primary care physicians on an individual level. By tracking agent interactions, it enables modelers to assess multiple key indicators such as patient waiting times and physician utilization. Based on these indicators, primary care systems can be assessed and compared. Moreover, changes in the infrastructure, patient behavior, and service design can be directly evaluated. To showcase the opportunities offered by SiM-Care and aid model validation, we present a case study for

A number of journal classification systems have been developed in bibliometrics since the launch of the Citation Indices by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) in the 1960s. These systems are used to normalize citation counts with respect to field-specific citation patterns. The best known system is the so-called "Web-of-Science Subject Categories" (WCs). In other systems papers are classified by algorithmic solutions. Using the Journal Citation Reports 2014 of the Science Citation Index and the Social Science Citation Index (n of journals = 11,149), we examine options for developing a new system based on journal classifications into subject categories using aggregated journal-journal citation data. Combining routines in VOSviewer and Pajek, a tree-like classification is developed. At each level one can generate a map of science for all the journals subsumed under a category. Nine major fields are distinguished at the top level. Further decomposition of the social sciences is pursued for the sake of example with a focus on journals in information science (LIS) and science studies (STS). The new classification system improves on alternative options by avoiding the problem

Publication patterns of 79 forest scientists awarded major international forestry prizes during 1990-2010 were compared with the journal classification and ranking promoted as part of the 'Excellence in Research for Australia' (ERA) by the Australian Research Council. The data revealed that these scientists exhibited an elite publication performance during the decade before and two decades following their first major award. An analysis of their 1703 articles in 431 journals revealed substantial differences between the journal choices of these elite scientists and the ERA classification and ranking of journals. Implications from these findings are that additional cross-classifications should be added for many journals, and there should be an adjustment to the ranking of several journals relevant to the ERA Field of Research classified as 0705 Forestry Sciences.

The interstellar medium mediates galactic evolution as the reservoir of material for future star formation and the repository of energy and matter output by stellar processes. Canadians have played leading roles in ISM science for decades. The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey identified a wealth of small-scale structure in H I emission as well as self-absorption and in the structure of polarized emission. These observations demonstrated that no phase of the ISM, including the transition from atomic gas to star formation, can be understood in isolation. Canadians have also played leading roles in the characterization of dust with Planck and balloon-borne telescopes. Canadians have also used pulsar scintillometry to measure structure in the ISM at the smallest scales, below 1 AU. The 2020s offer many opportunities for ISM science in Canada. A major but cost-effective upgrade to the Synthesis Telescope with broadband (400-1800 MHz) single-pixel feeds would enable broadband polarimetry as well as wide-area, arcminute surveys of radio recombination lines. The next generation of balloon-borne telescopes will investigate magnetic fields and dust properties. Large single dishes, particularly

Harmful experiences such as harassment and discrimination continue to push many people out of science. To better understand identities and experiences of harm among physicists, we conducted Canadian Physics Counts, the first comprehensive national survey examining equity, diversity, and inclusion within Canada's physics community. To better understand identities and experiences of harm among physicists, we conducted Canadian Physics Counts, the first comprehensive national survey examining equity, diversity, and inclusion within Canada's physics community. We explored experiences of harm focusing on personal harassment, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. We measured both direct experiences of harm and awareness of harm happening to others. Our analyses revealed that women and gender-diverse physicists reported experiencing personal harassment at twice the rate of men, a pattern consistent across all academic positions, including students and early-career researchers. An intersectional focus revealed even deeper inequities. Black women and men reported the highest rates of personal harassment, while Indigenous women and men faced elevated levels of sexual harassment. Physicists

Dyads of journals related by citations can agglomerate into specialties through the mechanism of triadic closure. Using the Journal Citation Reports 2011, 2012, and 2013, we analyze triad formation as indicators of integration (specialty growth) and disintegration (restructuring). The strongest integration is found among the large journals that report on studies in different scientific specialties, such as PLoS ONE, Nature Communications, Nature, and Science. This tendency towards large-scale integration has not yet stabilized. Using the Islands algorithm, we also distinguish 51 local maxima of integration. We zoom into the cited articles that carry the integration for: (i) a new development within high-energy physics and (ii) an emerging interface between the journals Applied Mathematical Modeling and the International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. In the first case, integration is brought about by a specific communication reaching across specialty boundaries, whereas in the second, the dyad of journals indicates an emerging interface between specialties. These results suggest that integration picks up substantive developments at the specialty level. An advantage o