Dyslipidemia remains a common and treatable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the United States (US) and worldwide. In 2026, the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American Heart Association (AHA), and other US societies released a new guideline on the management of dyslipidemia. This review summarizes 10 key takeaways in the primary prevention setting from the 2026 multisociety guideline on the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia. Key takeaways from the new guideline include early evaluation for dyslipidemia and potential genetic dyslipidemias starting in childhood, with subsequent screening every 5 years after age 19. Adult screening for dyslipidemia with Lp(a) at least once in lifetime and selective use of ApoB testing is also recommended. After obtaining lipid measurements, risk assessment is performed using the PREVENT-ASCVD score to calculate 10-year (and 30-year in adults aged 30-59) ASCVD risk. Considering demographic, clinical and laboratory data as well as coronary calcium scoring in addition to the PREVENT-ASCVD risk score allows for shared decision-making regarding initiation of lipid lowering therapy (LLT), primarily with statins. The new guideline also reintroduces treatment goals for LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apo B in select cases based on risk category for the primary prevention population. The 2026 ACC/AHA multisociety dyslipidemia guideline incorporates evolving data on dyslipidemia evaluation and management to optimize ASCVD risk. This review describes 10 key highlights from the guideline for the evaluation and management of dyslipidemia in the primary prevention setting.
A primary way the US federal government delivers public goods and services is via monetary payments. Ensuring that these payments are calculated accurately, delivered on time, and made to the correct recipients is important for government fiscal health. Inaccurate or delayed payments can weaken public trust in the government and undermine government accountability. In this article, we examine findings from a set of impact evaluations assessing interventions designed to improve payment integrity in US federal programs. The low-cost, evidence-based interventions draw on insights from the social and behavioral sciences and include modification of forms, changes to how and when agencies request information, and altering existing communications. The evaluations were conducted by the US General Services Administration's Office of Evaluation Sciences in collaboration with agency partners. We extract three takeaways across four representative evaluations. First, the real-world evaluations validate a key implication of the behavioral science literature: interventions that reduce burdens for individuals have small effects that meaningfully improve payment integrity at scale. Second, effects attenuate across interventions and over time, suggesting a need for iterative evaluation. Finally, bureaucratic hurdles and administrative complexity are the main barriers to translating academic insights into real-world government programs. Addressing these challenges will require close collaboration between behavioral scientists and practitioners throughout the intervention design and evaluation process.
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Wildfire activity in the United States is increasing due to climate change, land management practices, and human ignitions, reversing decades of air quality progress. Wildfire is an essential process in fire-adapted ecosystems, but fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke poses significant health risks both near the fire source and in communities far from fire-prone areas. Public health and forest management are often viewed as having conflicting goals-reducing smoke exposure versus restoring fire to ecosystems-but opportunities for collaboration exist. We analyzed an interdisciplinary panel discussion from the 2024 Rocky Mountain Wildfire Smoke Symposium (RMWSS) using thematic analysis and the RADaR technique to identify such opportunities. Four major themes emerged: (a) coordinated communication between stakeholders, (b) barriers and facilitators to bridge building across disciplines, (c) impacts of climate change and (d) priorities and perspectives across disciplines. Additionally, we synthesized the panel discussion and audience polling data into a figure that categorizes solutions by perceived investment, impact, and stakeholder responsibility. High impact objectives included advancing climate resilient community infrastructure, expanding resource sharing, and securing full-time equivalent (FTE) funding for smoke specialists and communication liaisons. Collaboration across disciplines, combined with long-term policy that reduces barriers for safe fire management while investing in clean air will be critical to addressing the wildfire crisis. Wildfires are becoming more frequent and intense and smoke from these fires can harm people's health—even in communities far from the flames. At the same time, fire is important in maintaining healthy forests. Balancing forest management and public health requires stronger coordination across disciplines. We examined a discussion among experts in public health, forest management, and fire science to identify ways to better prepare for a future with more fire and smoke. The conversation highlighted common challenges, including gaps in communication, limited coordination across agencies, and a lack of resources. It also highlighted ways to build bridges across disciplines including consistent public messaging, better access to clean indoor air spaces, and policy investments that support both healthy forests and clean air.
Takeaway food outlets ('takeaways') sell hot food for consumption off the premises. Takeaway management zones are areas around schools where new takeaways are not allowed to open. They are the most common planning intervention targeting takeaways across local authorities in England to date. We conducted an evaluation of these zones to: model their impact on adult health model their associated economic costs and benefits explore their acceptability and perceived effectiveness among young people investigate support and perceived effectiveness among adults explore barriers to and facilitators of their adoption and implementation among local authority staff. We used a forecast of takeaway growth and a statistical model to estimate the impact of zones on diet-related health outcomes, quality-adjusted life-years and healthcare costs to 2040. We did this for adults aged 25-64 years in six different local authorities. We conducted a linked economic analysis to understand the future costs and benefits of zones to local authorities, the National Health Service and national government. We estimated costs when denial of planning permission results in a 3-, 6- or 12-month vacancy before alternative retail uptake. We asked 46 young people about how acceptable they thought the policy was. By conducting 'go along' interviews, we gained insights into their everyday food habits within and outside the school gates. We used survey data to understand public acceptability and perceived effectiveness of zones. We also asked whether having fewer takeaways near schools could reduce how often young people consume takeaway food. To evaluate adoption and implementation, we interviewed 29 local authority public health and planning officers about what lessons they had learned. Compared to no intervention, future reductions in takeaway exposure ranged from 3 outlets/person in Fenland to 28 outlets/person in Manchester. Obesity prevalence was reduced in both sexes in all local authorities, for example, in Manchester, by 2.3 percentage points for males. We observed reductions in disease incidence, for example, in Manchester, by 964 type II diabetes cases/100,000 males. Zones produced a positive net economic impact of, for example, £8.49-12.78M in Manchester. Despite objections on economic grounds, zones are associated with economic benefits for local authorities, the National Health Service and national government. Young people found zones to be acceptable and perceived them to have some positive impacts. But, a wider policy, including other types of outlets selling convenience food, may better limit dietary risk. Out of 3323 adults, 51% supported zone adoption. Almost three-quarters believed that zones would help young people to eat better. Among those aged 16-17 years, 33% agreed that young people would consume takeaway food less often if there were fewer takeaways near schools. Effective working relationships between local authority colleagues were important for adoption and implementation. Some local authorities ensured this by developing cross-departmental roles and policy 'champions'. A formal implementation process ensured confidence and consistency in implementation. Takeaway management zones around schools were forecast to reduce obesity prevalence and disease incidence by 2040, with no net economic costs. The public see zones as acceptable and potentially effective. However, the reality of adopting and implementing zones is challenging, while other aspects of food retail also influence the behaviours of young people. This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number NIHR130597. There are many ways in which our neighbourhoods can make it hard to make healthy choices. Having more takeaway outlets means people tend to eat more of the unhealthy foods they sell. Designating zones around schools where new takeaways are not allowed to open is one way that local councils can encourage healthier lifestyles in children and adults. By 2019, 41 of 325 local councils in England had takeaway ‘management’ zones around schools. However, these councils have been working in the absence of evidence of their impact and acceptability. These evidence gaps have made it difficult for councils to demonstrate the value of management zones, curtailing further adoption and successful implementation. We used a computer model to estimate the impact of takeaway management zones on health to 2040. We also wanted to understand the costs and benefits of zones to local and national economies and the National Health Service over this period. We ran a survey to understand how acceptable and effective people thought zones would be and spoke to young people directly about what they thought of the policy overall. Finally, we asked public health and planning colleagues in local councils about their experiences of zones and what lessons they had learned. Although imperfect, takeaway management zones around schools were forecast to reduce obesity and related disease. For example, in Manchester, we forecast obesity prevalence for males to reduce by 2.3 percentage points. These health benefits were achieved with no overall economic harm. In fact, in Manchester, we forecast their adoption to save the council between £8M and £12M. Local communities saw zones as acceptable and potentially effective. However, the reality of adopting and managing the ongoing implementation of zones was a challenge for councils, while other aspects of high street food retail also influence young people’s diets.
Hot food takeaways typically serve food that is energy dense and high in fat and sugar, leading to concerns around their contribution to population prevalence of excess weight. Local authorities have adopted a range of planning policy approaches to regulate new hot food takeaways across England. We used a systematic approach to describe health-focused hot food takeaway policies adopted by all local authorities to inform future policy development. We obtained Local Plans and other relevant planning guidance documents from local authority websites in November 2024. Documents were systematically reviewed, and health-focused hot food takeaway policies extracted for analysis of intent and mechanisms. Of 296 local authorities with planning power in England, 101 had adopted a health-focused hot food takeaway policy. Six main regulatory mechanisms were identified, with takeaway management zones (sometimes referred to as "exclusion zones") around schools and other approaches designed to prevent over-proliferation or over-concentration of takeaways adopted by around three-quarters of local authorities. Whilst six broad regulatory mechanisms were identified, there were numerous variations in policy approaches between local authorities. Furthermore, whilst some policies were clear and unambiguous, other policies lacked clarity, with potential implications for application and enforcement. With an increasing number of local planning authorities adopting hot food takeaway policies, this review provides a comprehensive overview of policy approaches successfully implemented across England that can be used to inform policy development.
Existing literature demonstrates the benefits of DPYD and UGT1A1 pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to reduce toxicity from fluoropyrimidines and irinotecan, respectively. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided UGT1A1-guided irinotecan dosing for 20 years, and in 2025, the FDA and National Comprehensive Cancer Network both updated their guidance to recommend DPYD testing prior to fluoropyrimidine therapy. As such, there is an increasing interest in testing and a need for guidance describing implementation strategies. This review summarizes conclusions from DPYD and/or UGT1A1 implementation initiatives and describes key takeaways related to perspectives, workflow, cost, and supportive care from 32 included articles. Perspectives toward testing were generally positive, although barriers such as turnaround time and cost concerns were still identified. Workflow integration varied by institution, but a clear delineation of duties was consistently necessary. For both DPYD and UGT1A1, real-world studies and modeling data indicate testing is cost-effective. PGx testing was underutilized for supportive care medications despite its relevance, but there is an opportunity to leverage panel-based approaches to increase utilization without additional workflow burden. Description of these key considerations and takeaways reported by those implementing DPYD and/or UGT1A1 PGx testing would be beneficial to institutions in the early phases of implementation.
What is this summary about? The MiroCIP study is a Japanese research project that investigated Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN).It followed 216 patients with colorectal, stomach, non-small cell lung, or breast cancers who received cancer chemotherapy with oxaliplatin or taxane-based medicines.Researchers looked at what happened to them for one year, focusing on three main points: how often Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 (moderate) or higher CIPN happens; CIPN symptoms that patients experience (e.g. tingling, numbness, pain); and factors that are more likely to cause CIPN.What are the key takeaways? Within one year after starting cancer chemotherapy, 44% of the patients developed CTCAE grade 2 or higher CIPN. CIPN often appeared within the first three months of chemotherapy.The CIPN symptoms that patients reported were mainly tingling (‘pins-and-needles’ sensation or ‘electric’ sensation), numbness (reduced or lost sensation), decreased sensation in their hands and feet, and general weakness.The severity of pain and tingling increased until about three months after starting cancer chemotherapy, and then remained at a similar level thereafter.Patients’ quality of life got worse during the first three months after starting cancer chemotherapy.The MiroCIP study found no clear factors making certain patients more likely to develop CIPN.What were the main conclusions reported by the researchersAfter starting cancer chemotherapy, it is important to pay attention to changes in the patient’s body: If patients feel any discomfort such as tingling or numbness in their hands or feet after starting cancer chemotherapy, it is important to tell their symptoms to their doctor or nurse. Reporting symptoms right away can help catch CIPN early. By telling healthcare professionals about their symptoms, patients can get support for CIPN-related pain, tingling, or numbness while continuing their cancer treatment.Healthcare professionals should ask patients proactively about symptoms from an early stage, because nerve-related symptoms such as tingling or numbness in the hands and feet often appear within the first three months after starting chemotherapy.Predicting CIPN is difficult for each individual patient: any patient receiving cancer chemotherapy with oxaliplatin or taxane-based medicines may experience CIPN symptoms.Clinical trial number: jRCTs031210101.
Research demonstrates that correction consistently reduces misperceptions, increasing the importance of understanding how often people see such corrections. To answer this, researchers often rely on self-reported measures through surveys. However, there is little consistency in these measures across studies, hindering comparability and theory development. To investigate whether different measures of self-reported correction experiences affect their estimated frequency, this study uses a preregistered online survey experiment to examine two key factors: the question wording ("corrected" vs. "told they shared misinformation") and the response options (binary vs. four vs. five-point frequency scales). Findings reveal that frequency scales produce consistently higher estimates of three correction experiences (witnessing, performing, and being corrected) compared to binary measures, although classifying those who rarely experience correction alongside those who never do reduces these differences. Moreover, using the term "correction" leads to higher self-reported instances of performing corrections than the "told misinformation" phrasing, but does not impact estimates of witnessing or being corrected. These results offer researchers clear takeaways for comparing measures across multiple datasets and reinforce the importance of moving toward consistent measures in the future to ensure we can better understand how often people experience corrections.
What is this summary about?This is a summary of a publication about the IKEMA clinical trial that was published in The Lancet Haematology in July 2024. The trial tested if a combination of cancer drugs (isatuximab plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone, or Isa-Kd for short) would help people with relapsed (when cancer returns after a period of improvement following treatment) or refractory (when cancer stops responding to treatment) multiple myeloma live longer. Isa-Kd was compared with a combination of carfilzomib and dexamethasone (or Kd for short) in this study. The IKEMA trial included participants who had been treated for their multiple myeloma before with other cancer medicines.How was the study in this summary conducted?This study included a total of 302 participants; 179 received Isa-Kd and 123 received Kd. The researchers measured overall survival, which is the total amount of time people lived during the study regardless of whether they died of cancer or from other causes. The researchers also measured how long people lived before their cancer got worse, once they stopped taking the IKEMA study treatments and started taking a new multiple myeloma treatment. The adverse events in participants who received at least 1 treatment were also measured.What are the key takeaways?People with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma at study entry who received Isa-Kd continued to benefit from therapy after about 4.5 years of monitoring. People who received Isa-Kd were predicted to live about 13 months longer than people who received Kd, although the researchers could not rule out that the benefit was due to chance. People who received Isa-Kd also lived longer before their cancer got worse, once they started taking their next multiple myeloma treatment. Isa-Kd did not show any new safety concerns compared with previous studies.Clinical trial number: NCT03275285.
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases. These patients often suffer from pain with multiple etiologies. Our patient suffers from distressing neuropathic back pain, which was only marginally alleviated with high-dose conventional antineuropathic agents while suffering from the side effects. A course of scrambler therapy was prescribed, and sustained relief of neuropathic back pain was achieved for at least eight weeks after completion of scrambler therapy. This is the first case of neuropathic pain in SCA to be treated with scrambler therapy, to the best of our knowledge. Compared with usual daily scrambler therapy sessions, our patient received twice-daily sessions. The main takeaways from our case are that 1) scrambler therapy is a potential treatment for neuropathic pain in SCA patients; 2) it can treat neuropathic pain refractory to conventional antineuropathic agents with the added benefit of reducing the requirement as well as side effects associated with conventional antineuropathic agents; and 3) twice-daily sessions are a potential alternative to standard daily sessions with positive logistical implications.
Systemically administered vaccines were instrumental in reducing severe disease, hospitalizations, and deaths during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, they often failed to consistently elicit robust immunity at mucosal sites. This minireview examines a central role for respiratory mucosal immunity in protection against emerging viral pathogens and highlights key takeaways from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Evidence from SARS-CoV-2 and influenza studies demonstrates that mucosal vaccination uniquely induces secretory IgA, as well as resident memory B and T cells within the upper and lower airways, thereby promoting broader and more potent protection. Accordingly, interest in mucosal vaccination strategies has been recently renewed. However, significant knowledge gaps remain, which include determining optimal vaccination strategies (systemic prime-mucosal boost versus mucosal-only), identifying the underlying mechanisms that cause the relatively rapid decay of mucosal immunity, establishing reproducible and standardized correlates of protection, and developing safe, effective delivery platforms and adjuvants that are compatible with the respiratory environment. These challenges are particularly relevant for high-priority zoonotic threats, such as henipaviruses, hantaviruses, arenaviruses, and emerging influenza strains, for which mucosal immune responses and correlates of protection remain poorly defined. Moreover, advancing mucosal vaccine design through improved viral vectors, nanoparticle systems, and immunomodulatory adjuvants will be critical for achieving durable immunity. Ultimately, leveraging insights gained from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may enable breakthroughs in mucosal vaccination strategies that reduce transmission, limit viral evolution, and strengthen preparedness for future respiratory pandemics.
Futrell and Mahowald's assumptions about parallels between language models and human language are primarily based on LMs' performance in English. In our commentary, we discuss how this impacts some of their key takeaways and highlight LM shortcomings in languages other than English (specifically, Icelandic), which are only alluded to in the target article.
What is this summary about?While there are topical treatments available for managing atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common form of eczema, their use is constrained for reasons including restrictions on long-term application and/or skin irritation at the application site. Because of these concerns, researchers are investigating better ways to treat AD. After once-daily application for 4 weeks, a novel treatment, roflumilast cream, improved the appearance and symptoms of AD more than vehicle cream (cream that looked and felt like roflumilast cream but did not contain medicine) in two clinical studies (INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2). Researchers wanted to learn more about long-term therapy with roflumilast cream; therefore, patients 6 years of age or older with AD who completed INTEGUMENT-1 or INTEGUMENT-2 could volunteer for the INTEGUMENT-OLE study. This article summarizes published results from INTEGUMENT-OLE, a study designed to determine if longer-term treatment with roflumilast cream had side effects and/or continued to improve AD.What are the key takeaways?Patients applied roflumilast cream once daily for up to 52 weeks. When a study clinician saw that AD was clear (no active AD), the patient was switched to twice-weekly application in areas where AD was previously being treated. Most patients did not have side effects while using roflumilast cream. AD signs and symptoms were reduced and/or improved over time. For patients with no active AD who switched to twice-weekly application, signs and symptoms of AD remained clear or almost clear for a median (mid-point of a set of values) duration of 281 days (9 months).What were the main conclusions reported by the researchers?Long-term treatment with roflumilast cream 0.15% was well tolerated by patients and also improved the appearance and symptoms of AD. These results support roflumilast cream 0.15% as an appropriate therapeutic option for mild-to-moderate AD, potentially reducing the need for treatments that contain steroids.[Box: see text][Box: see text][Box: see text]Link to original article here.
What is this summary about?This summary describes an article published in The Oncologist medical journal in December 2024. The article reports results from a study that looked at treatment outcomes for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in routine clinical practice.The study used information from a large database that contained the medical records of people treated in cancer clinics in the United States. Only patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HR+/HER2−) MBC who also had a history of cardiovascular diseases were included in the study.The researchers wanted to know if patients benefited from the combination of two medicines–palbociclib and an aromatase inhibitor–compared to taking an aromatase inhibitor alone.What are the key takeaways?This study showed that, in routine clinical practice, patients with HR+/HER2− MBC who also had a history of cardiovascular diseases when treated with palbociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor lived longer than patients treated with only an aromatase inhibitor. Patients treated with palbociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor also lived longer without their cancer getting worse than patients treated with only an aromatase inhibitor.What were the main conclusions reported by the researchers?These results support the use of palbociclib plus an aromatase inhibitor as an initial treatment option for patients with HR+/HER2− MBC who also have a history of cardiovascular diseases.Clinical trial number: NCT05361655.
Breast mastitis is a common condition that can be found during clinical practice, challenging the clinician, who must reach the correct diagnosis among the many differentials, to properly treat the underlying pathology. In this review, we aim to provide clinicians and radiologists with an overview of the various forms of mastitis, focusing on clinical presentation, etiological subtypes, imaging appearances across modalities (e.g., ultrasound, mammography/tomosynthesis, contrast enhanced techniques, MRI), related complications, and the typical imaging takeaways. Our goal is also to provide tools for the correct differential diagnosis between various forms of mastitis, breast cancer and other inflammatory breast pathologies. A computerized literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed by authors, entering various keywords (e.g., "mastitis", "breast infections", "breast abscess", "breast cancer mimickers", "lactational mastitis", "non lactational mastitis", "mastitis imaging", "rare forms of mastitis"). Articles published between 2002 and 2025 were taken into consideration. The authors selected various eligible studies, scientific articles and extracted data to cover the whole spectrum of mastitis clinical presentation and underlying pathology. Authors divided the mastitis spectrum into "lactational" and "non-lactational" forms. Between the second group, periductal mastitis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, and rarer forms are taken into consideration. Our review has several limitations: it is a narrative and not systematic review and has limited generalizability of rare subtypes because of the case report driven evidence, heterogeneity of selected studies and potential selection bias. It supplies imaging from various clinical cases, which can be useful to familiarize with the pathology spectrum. In conclusion, breast mastitis is a challenge for breast radiologists and clinicians, familiarity with this condition is crucial to make a correct differential diagnosis. Further studies are needed on rarer subtypes.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations have reshaped systemic therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet durable responses remain limited, underscoring the need for mechanism-driven partners that reprogram the cirrhosis-conditioned tumor microenvironment. Here, we synthesize evidence supporting IL-17 family signaling as such a tractable axis and emphasize three translational takeaways. First, "IL-17 blockade" is not a single intervention: canonical IL-17A/F signaling through IL-17RA/RC differs from non-canonical nodes, including IL-17C signaling via IL-17RA/IL-17RE and the dual-ligand IL-17RB node (IL-25 versus IL-17B), which can yield context-dependent-and potentially opposing-effects. Second, HCC-focused models implicate an IL-17A-STAT3-PD-L1 immune-evasion circuit and show that IL-17A neutralization can enhance the activity of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, positioning IL-17A/F inhibition primarily as an ICI-sensitizing strategy. Third, we argue that clinical translation should prioritize biomarker-guided, etiology-aware early-phase studies with on-treatment pharmacodynamic readouts, rather than unselected monotherapy, while explicitly accounting for infection and gut-barrier risks in cirrhosis.
This perspective article examines the complex and increasingly consequential relationship between emotional health and organizational performance in the healthcare sector, positioning emotional well-being not as an individual psychological concern but as a strategic organizational and public health issue with direct implications for service quality, workforce sustainability, and system resilience. Against the backdrop of escalating workload pressures, workforce shortages, digital transformation, and rising patient expectations, healthcare systems worldwide are experiencing unprecedented levels of emotional strain among professionals, manifesting in burnout, emotional exhaustion, moral distress, and disengagement. Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from public health, organizational behavior, and health services management, this perspective argues that emotional health functions as a critical mediating mechanism through which organizational structures, leadership practices, and governance models shape both employee behavior and patient-facing outcomes. Rather than conceptualizing emotional health as a residual outcome of individual resilience or coping capacity, the article reframes it as a core input in healthcare service production, comparable in strategic importance to staffing levels, clinical competence, and technological infrastructure. Synthesizing recent empirical and conceptual research, the perspective highlights that emotional strain does not uniformly or linearly translate into reduced performance; instead, its effects are highly context-dependent and are mediated through behavioral, relational, and cultural mechanisms at multiple organizational levels. Emotionally strained healthcare professionals are more likely to disengage from discretionary behaviors such as empathic communication, proactive problem-solving, teamwork, and knowledge sharing, which are essential for maintaining service quality, patient safety, and continuity of care in complex clinical environments. Over time, this disengagement erodes psychological safety, weakens trust, and diminishes collective efficacy, thereby undermining organizational climate and long-term performance capacity rather than merely affecting short-term productivity indicators. From a public health perspective, the consequences of deteriorating emotional health extend beyond organizational boundaries, influencing treatment adherence, health equity, patient satisfaction, and public trust in health systems, particularly in primary care, chronic disease management, mental health services, and end-of-life care. The perspective further situates these dynamics within the context of contemporary health system transformations, including the rapid expansion of digital health technologies, artificial intelligence-supported decision-making, and performance-based governance models. While such innovations offer opportunities to reduce cognitive overload and improve efficiency, the article critically notes that algorithmic management, intensified performance monitoring, and reduced relational time may exacerbate emotional alienation if emotional labor and psychological safety are not explicitly addressed in system design and governance. A central contribution of this perspective lies in its emphasis on the moderating role of organizational support and institutional culture. Evidence from recent organizational research consistently demonstrates that perceived organizational support, supportive leadership behaviors, participatory governance structures, and cultures that legitimize emotional vulnerability significantly buffer the negative effects of emotional strain on outcomes such as turnover intention, disengagement, and service quality. Conversely, performance-driven cultures that normalize emotional suppression and individualize responsibility for coping risk amplifying psychological risks, silent withdrawal, and moral injury, even when formal well-being initiatives are present. In critically assessing the strengths and limitations of current policy and management approaches, the article identifies a key strength in the growing recognition of workforce well-being as a system-level concern within international health policy discourse, alongside a persistent weakness in the dominance of outcome-focused performance metrics that neglect emotional labor as a process variable. This misalignment creates both risks and opportunities: while failure to integrate emotional health into governance frameworks threatens workforce sustainability and public trust, embedding emotional health indicators into quality management systems, accreditation processes, and performance dashboards offers a powerful opportunity for earlier risk detection, preventive intervention, and more equitable and resilient health system design. Translating these insights into action, the perspective outlines a set of evidence-informed policy and management implications that emphasize the need to move beyond fragmented, individual-level interventions toward integrated organizational redesign. Key recommendations include incorporating emotional health metrics-such as burnout, emotional exhaustion, moral distress, and psychological safety-into organizational performance frameworks; prioritizing workload regulation, staffing adequacy, and emotionally sustainable service models; strengthening leadership accountability for emotional climates; embedding emotional health considerations into workforce planning and retention strategies; and fostering organizational cultures that normalize emotional support and collective responsibility for well-being. Importantly, the article underscores that leadership capacity to recognize and respond to emotional strain constitutes a core managerial competency rather than a peripheral "soft skill," with direct implications for service quality and organizational legitimacy. From a future research directions standpoint, the perspective calls for a paradigmatic shift in research design and focus. It highlights the limitations of cross-sectional, individual-level studies and advocates for multi-level, longitudinal, and comparative research capable of capturing how emotional health dynamics evolve over time across individuals, teams, organizations, and health systems, and how they interact with governance reforms, digital innovations, and labor market conditions. Comparative policy research across different health system models is identified as a particularly promising avenue for understanding how institutional design influences emotional health trajectories and performance resilience. At the same time, the article cautions against the uncritical adoption of emotional health metrics, emphasizing the ethical and methodological challenges associated with measurement, data use, and potential stigmatization if emotional indicators are instrumentalized without supportive governance. Overall, this perspective advances an integrative framework that positions emotional health as a central pillar of organizational performance, service quality, and public health outcomes in the healthcare sector. By bridging disciplinary silos and aligning research agendas with the realities of policy-making and management practice, the article offers a compelling case for emotionally informed governance as both a scientific priority and a practical necessity. In doing so, it provides clear key takeaways for policy and practice: emotional health must be treated as a strategic performance input; organizational context matters as much as individual capacity; leadership and culture are decisive leverage points; and sustainable healthcare systems depend on governance models that recognize, protect, and actively cultivate the emotional foundations of care work.
What is this summary about?Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects how people understand the world around them. Brexpiprazole is a type of medicine called an atypical antipsychotic, which is taken as a tablet. Brexpiprazole is used for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents in various countries worldwide. This summary describes a 6-week clinical study in 316 adolescents (aged 13 to 17 years) with schizophrenia who were treated with brexpiprazole, placebo (a pretend medicine), or aripiprazole (another atypical antipsychotic medicine).What are the key takeaways?Adolescents taking brexpiprazole had greater improvement in schizophrenia symptoms than adolescents taking placebo. Symptoms also improved with aripiprazole. The number of side effects was similar between brexpiprazole and placebo, and higher with aripiprazole. The most common side effects with brexpiprazole were headache and nausea (an upset stomach or feeling sick). These same side effects were also seen in people taking placebo.What are the main conclusions reported by the researchers?Brexpiprazole improved schizophrenia symptoms, with no new or unexpected safety concerns. These results suggest that brexpiprazole may be a helpful treatment for adolescents living with schizophrenia.[Box: see text][Box: see text]Link to original article here.
It is important to understand how social communication interventions for autistic people align with neurodiversity-affirming approaches, including strength-based and family-centered care principles. In this scoping review, we explored how the strengths and perspectives of autistic children and their families are included in speech-language pathology social communication interventions. We searched OVID Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, used supplementary search methods, and conducted a gray literature search. Data were extracted using the Population, Concept, and Context framework for scoping reviews. 26 articles were included in our analysis. Most studies described only deficits associated with autism. Most studies explicitly reported parents' perspectives on intervention goals, activities, or outcome measures; children's perspectives were rarely included. Most speech-language pathology documents from the gray literature recommended strength-based, and family-centered service delivery. Strength-based and family-centered values have been recommended in speech-language pathology practice for decades yet were not consistently reflected in social communication interventions for autistic children. Our discussion offers several suggestions for taking a strength-based approach to speech-language pathology practice and advancing child and family involvement toward shared decision-making. Our ideas may prompt speech-language pathology researchers and clinicians to reflect on their own approaches to autism and social communication interventions.Lay Abstract/Plain Language SummaryWhy was this study done?Autistic children and youth often participate in social communication interventions. These interventions can be delivered by healthcare professionals including speech-language pathologists. It is important to find out if these interventions talk about autistic people's strengths and if they include autistic people's and their families' perspectives. These principles are important to make sure that interventions are neurodiversity-affirming. To answer this question, we searched for academic articles that talked about speech-language pathology social communication interventions for autistic children and youth. We used a research methodology called a scoping review. We wanted to find out whether and how these speech-language pathology interventions included the strengths and perspectives of autistic children and their families.What did the researchers find?We included 26 articles and analyzed them. We found that most studies described only the deficits associated with autism. Most studies included the perspectives of parents in their interventions, but children's perspectives were rarely reported. We also looked at speech-language pathology documents related to autism and found that most of these documents recommended strength-based and family-centered services.What are important takeaways?Most existing social communication interventions in the field of speech-language pathology focused on autistic people's deficits and used person-first language (e.g., person with autism) which describes autism as a diagnosis to have rather than an aspect of someone's identity. Our discussion about our paper suggests how researchers and clinicians can incorporate autistic people's strengths and be neurodiversity-affirming in their interventions. We also discuss ways to involve autistic children and their families in intervention decision-making, including as co-researchers. We hope that this paper will encourage speech-language pathology researchers and clinicians to think about how they view autism, and if their interventions are neurodiversity-affirming.