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Women's sports participation in Malaysia remains disproportionately low despite increasing national emphasis on sports gender equity. Limited empirical literature examining the subject using an integrated sociocultural and psychological perspective in the Malaysian cultural context. This study aimed to assess women resilience in sports in terms of self-perceived efficacy, emotions, self-rated problem-solving, self-assessed leadership and barriers to continuous sports participation. A mixed-methods approach which consists of an online survey and focus groups interviews targeted Malaysian women was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 191 participants using the Resilience Scale, Leadership/Teamwork Self-Efficacy Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Shortened Problem-Solving Skills and Leadership Self-Assessment, whilst qualitative data were collected from two separate focus groups comprising women who were active (n = 6), and inactive (n = 7) in sports. Survey data analysis demonstrated Leadership and Teamwork Self-Efficacy, Positive Affect and Problem-Solving Skills significantly accounted for variance in Resilience. Thematic analysis revealed five key themes: (1) barriers to sustained sports participation, (2) gender influences and societal expectations, (3) community, motivation, and leadership, (4) the role of social media in empowerment, and (5) policy awareness and institutional support. These findings provide insights for future longitudinal or interventions studies targeting factors account for variance in building resilience as an internal resource for women in sports, while highlighting systemic and sociocultural barriers hindering women's sports participation that should be addressed to further gender equity in the Malaysian sports environment.

Existing non-contact three-axis angle-measurement methods are unsuitable for measuring the relative three-axis angles between the inner and outer ring frames of fifth-generation airborne optoelectronic gimbal platforms. Our previous study proposed a compact three-axis angle-measurement method based on an optical wedge for this application. However, the fixed-coefficient angle-solving model used in that method does not account for variations in the measurement distance L, which can produce distance-dependent nonlinear errors when axial displacement of the inner ring frame occurs. To address this limitation, the present study proposes a distance-adaptive method for three-axis angle measurements. An analytical measurement-distance model is established using ABCD ray-transfer-matrix theory, and L is incorporated into the fixed-coefficient angle-solving model. The fixed coefficients in the polynomial error-compensation model are thereby expressed as functions of L and updated according to the estimated measurement distance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the measurement accuracy under varying-distance conditions. Taking the measurement-distance condition with the largest error, L = -2 mm, as an example, the RMS values of the measurement errors for the pitch, yaw, and roll angles are reduced from 13.0″, 8.4″, and 31.1″ to 5.6″, 3.8″, and 18.6″, respectively.

Background: This research sought to determine the math proficiency of pharmacy technicians and the potential causes for the technicians' feelings of deficiency when attending continuing pharmacy education activity (CPE) and performing pharmaceutical calculations. Methods: To investigate these questions, the following questionnaire and test methods were utilized. Pharmacy technicians attending a 2-hour CPE activity completed a pre-activity survey assessing demographics, attitudes toward solving math problems, and sample calculation problems. Subsequently, the post-activity evaluation included additional calculation problems for comparison. Results: Our research found that most participants were nationally certified (82% of participants), but that most had not completed or were unsure if they had completed a formalized training program (58% of participants). Pre-survey data revealed participants perceiving low confidence in their pharmaceutical mathematical capability, as well as their over-reliance on rote memorization as their biggest barriers to solving pharmacy calculations. Baseline performance on calculation problems averaged 32% correct, with technicians finding the greatest difficulty in percentage strength, pediatric dosing, and alligation problems. Post-activity scores improved to an average of 66% correct across these areas. Conclusion: This in-person CPE activity improved pharmacy technicians' calculation skills. Although many pharmacy technicians struggle with pharmaceutical math problems, the reasons for these issues can be attributed to low confidence and lack of training rather than inability. Future CPE activities can continue to be focused on improving knowledge of underlying math concepts.

Preschool children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at high risk for early and progressive neurocognitive deficits that negatively affect academic outcomes. Preschoolers with SCD are more likely to display deficits in school readiness skills such as early literacy, numeracy, and self-regulation. Previous behavioral interventions for children with SCD have displayed highly variable feasibility and adherence. The goal of this study was to formally adapt an evidence-based school readiness intervention for children with SCD. The Intervention Mapping for Adaptation (IM Adapt) methodology was used to adapt an intervention for patients with SCD and their families. IM Adapt is a systematic and iterative problem-solving approach to adapt health promotion interventions for specific populations. The evidence-based school readiness intervention Kids in Transition to School (KITS) was identified through the IM Adapt strategy. This intervention showed preliminary fit with the needs of children with SCD. A planning group composed of providers, subject matter experts, and caregivers of patients with SCD was established to complete the adaptation of KITS for this population. We added content to KITS describing how to respond to a child's pain episode, the impact of sleep disruptions on school performance, medical accommodations offered to children with SCD in the school setting, and how to establish school services. SCD-related content included discussion questions to facilitate group problem-solving and peer support. We converted the core child-directed content into animated videos for the children and their caregivers to watch at home together. We also provided a school readiness workbook to all families to cover early literacy and numeracy topics. We updated the parent- and child-directed intervention materials to improve cultural representation and include books that promote cultural pride for African American populations. By working with families and community stakeholders, we adapted an evidence-based interventions that may address barriers and health inequities. IM Adapt provides a formal process in which to document and evaluate these adaptations. https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT06367192, 4-11-2024.

Arthroscopy has grown from a frontier of surgeon-led problem solving into a mature technological field shaped by surgical innovation, industry partnerships, patent attorneys, and corporate strategy. This maturation of the field should be celebrated, and surely it should not be mistaken for stagnation. Although modern patent processes can be expensive and difficult for individual surgeons to navigate, the source of innovation has not changed: surgeons identifying practical problems and imagining better solutions. The future of arthroscopy will not be defined by patent volume alone but by whether those patents translate into better tools, procedures, and outcomes for patients.

The last decade has seen substantial efforts directed towards improving how fundamental care is delivered and experienced. This work was catalysed by landmark inquiries that demonstrated the devastating impacts of poor-quality fundamental care delivery. Much public and academic scrutiny ensued, including our own 2016 discussion paper, which argued that fundamental care was poorly delivered because it was invisible and devalued across healthcare systems. We proposed six strategies for overcoming this issue, ranging from re-conceptualising the value of fundamental care, to enhanced metrics and conceptual clarity. However, reports of poor-quality fundamental care remain, with adverse consequences for healthcare recipients, professionals, organisations, and systems alike. The significant challenges and tensions that have characterised the last decade, including workforce shortages, global pandemics, and geopolitical tensions, have put our healthcare systems under incredible strain, complicating the work of fundamental care transformation. Given these pervasive challenges, it is timely to reflect on the strategies we proposed ten years ago and ask: when it comes to delivering on fundamental care, how far have we (really) come? In this retrospective, we outline the contextual forces shaping our healthcare systems globally and propose what must be done over the next ten years to achieve our vision. We argue that fundamental care must be positioned not as an additional problem to be solved but as a solution to be implemented, one that is foundational to safe, high-quality, effective person-centred care, and which can work to address persistent system issues. Reframing fundamental care in this way requires the resolution of three key tensions: 1) task-driven versus relationship-driven approaches to care, 2) siloed and reductionist versus holistic approaches to care; and 3) incrementalist approaches to change predicated on individuals as the change agents versus whole-system redesign based on an ethics and humanity of care. These tensions create false dichotomies and competing priorities that monopolise energy and resources. The inevitable result is that fundamental care is distanced or isolated from the core work of healthcare systems, undermining its value and purpose. Resolving these tensions in ways that align with healthcare recipient and professional preferences will enable continued work on the strategies we proposed 10 years ago and precipitate a much-needed shift in our healthcare systems and the values underpinning them, seeing us one step closer to our goal of embedding an ethos of person-centred fundamental care in healthcare systems globally.

Hypertension remains a major global health challenge requiring effective long-term management. This study evaluated the impact of the E-Coach chronic disease management model integrated with WeChat on self-management capabilities in patients with hypertension. This was a single-center randomized controlled trial. A total of 250 middle-aged and elderly hypertension patients were randomly divided into either a control group (conventional hypertension management) or an intervention group (comprehensive management based on the E-Coach chronic disease model delivered via the WeChat platform) (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;125). The primary outcomes included Chronic Disease Self-Management Study Measures (CDSMS) scores and patient-perceived chronic illness care assessed using Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) scores. The secondary outcomes included systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), management outcomes (e.g., hospital visits, medication adherence, blood pressure (BP) control rates. After six months, CDSMS scores across all dimensions (e.g., stretching and strength exercises [45 (15, 45) vs. 45 (15, 45)], aerobic exercises [120 (120, 180) vs. 120 (120, 180)], cognitive symptoms [10 (9, 11) vs. 7 (5, 8)], and doctor-patient communication [10 (9, 11) vs. 7 (7, 8)] were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.043, 0.002, <0.001, <0.001). PACIC scores for all dimensions (e.g., patient activation [5 (4, 5) vs. 3 (3, 4)], service system/delivery design [4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (3, 3)], goal setting/tailored care [4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2, 3)], problem-solving/continuity [4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2, 3)], and follow-up/collaboration [4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (3, 3)] were higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Besides, SBP and DBP levels were lower in the intervention group in comparison to the control group (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001, <0.001). The intervention group reported fewer outpatient visits, emergency visits, and hospitalizations, and hospital services, alongside higher medication adherence and BP control rates compared to the control group (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001, <0.001, 0.027, 0.001). The E-Coach chronic disease management model combined with the WeChat platform improves self-management ability in hypertension patients, and demonstrates good chronic disease management effectiveness.

This study investigates the electroosmotic flow (EOF) of viscoelastic Jeffreys fluids in a pH-regulated parallel-plate nanochannel, with a focus on analyzing the effects of solution pH, background salt concentration, and alternating current (AC) electric field frequency on flow characteristics. In micro- and nanoscale fluidic systems, surface charge characteristics critically govern electrokinetic flow. The surface charges in this study originate from the protonation and deprotonation reactions of silanol (SiOH) groups on the channel walls. Different from the constant surface electric potential assumed in existing studies, the surface electric potential here varies with solution pH and background salt concentration. By modulating solution pH and thereby tuning surface charge density, active and reversible control of EOF can be realized. By solving the coupled Poisson-Boltzmann equation, momentum equation, and Jeffreys constitutive equation, we obtain an analytical solution for the electric potential distribution and semi-analytical solution for the velocity field. The results show that under the chosen parameter conditions, the relaxation time &#x3bb;1 enhances the velocity amplitude, while the retardation time &#x3bb;2 weakens it. The EOF velocity amplitude of Jeffreys fluids is enhanced by greater pH deviation from the isoelectric point, lower ionic concentration, and higher electric field frequency. In nanochannel flows, the effect of the oscillating Reynolds number on the velocity amplitude is negligible.

We previously performed a phase II clinical trial involving the intravenous infusion of autologous cord blood mononuclear cells (ACBMNCs) to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. We reported the outcomes before discharge and at 2-year follow-up of the enrolled infants. We have reported the developmental outcomes at the 5-year follow-up visit. We evaluated the 5-year long-term outcomes of ACBMNCs infusion, including growth, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental outcomes, by interviewing the parents. Children's development was assessed using scores on the Chinese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), third edition (ASQ-3), completed by the parents or guardians. The primary outcome was the neurodevelopmental outcome. The secondary outcomes were growth and respiratory outcomes. In terms of the primary endpoint, intravenously infused ACBMNCs significantly improved the scores of the fine motor and personal-social domains in the ASQ (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.044 and P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.048, respectively). This study also showed high consistency between the motor index in the Bayley score at a 2-year follow-up with both gross and fine motor domain scores, as well as the language index with communication, problem-solving, and personal-social domain scores. Although pneumonia-related hospitalizations were similar between the two groups, the intervention group showed a lower possibility of nocturnal cough. Infants who received intravenous ACBMNC infusion had better fine motor and personal-social abilities at 5&#x2009;years than those in the control group. In addition to providing reassuring safety data, the study suggested longer-term neurodevelopmental benefits of ACBMNC intervention early in the NICU course. Further randomized placebo-controlled trials are essential to confirm these findings. The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02999373), registered on December 21, 2016.

Multimodal data processing is becoming increasingly important in neuroscience and perception science because children's emotional and social experiences are rarely expressed through a single observable channel. In parent-child interaction, children may verbally comply with parental expectations while simultaneously showing subtle affective, behavioral, physiological, or neural signs of internal distress. This review examines parental psychological control as a hidden but developmentally significant context for multimodal assessment. Unlike behavioral control, which regulates children's external behavior through rules and supervision, psychological control intrudes into children's inner emotional world through guilt induction, love withdrawal, and intrusive parenting. This review first summarizes how parental psychological control may create hidden emotional pressure and undermine children's socio-emotional development. Guilt induction may increase self-blame and emotional over-responsibility, thereby weakening emotional autonomy. Love withdrawal may make children associate affection with obedience, increasing rejection fear and distorting empathic expression. Intrusive parenting may restrict independent decision-making and social problem-solving, thereby impairing social adaptation. These mechanisms suggest that children exposed to psychological control may appear outwardly calm, obedient, or well-adjusted while internally experiencing emotional inhibition, relational anxiety, and reduced agency. To address this hidden discrepancy, this review highlights the value of multimodal data processing for detecting implicit emotional burden in parent-child interaction. Potential indicators include facial micro-expressions, vocal changes, gaze avoidance, body movement, language patterns, physiological arousal, and neural signals related to emotional reactivity and regulatory effort. By integrating behavioral observation, affective computing, physiological sensing, and neurodevelopmental evidence, multimodal approaches may provide a more sensitive framework for understanding how psychologically controlling parenting shapes children's emotional autonomy, empathy, and social adaptation.

Transcriptional activation domains (ADs) of eukaryotic gene activators have remained enigmatic for decades as short, consensus-less, extremely variable amino acid sequences that lack a specific structure and interact fuzzily with an uncertain number of targets. Understanding AD sequence grammar is critical for solving the enigma. Using rational design of AD sequences and high-throughput in vivo experimentation combined with bioinformatic analysis and machine learning, we refined grammar rules for AD sequences, calculated the relative importance of each rule to define a rule hierarchy, and linked each rule to the biochemical features essential for biological function. The key dominating and common features-redundant representation in the sequence of aromatic residues and the obligatory net negative charge of the sequence are consistent with the novel idea that ADs function as acidic-hydrophobic surfactants, which is crucial for understanding eukaryotic gene regulation and the function of intrinsically disordered protein regions.

Behavioral problem-solving (BPS) consultation is an effective strategy to help teachers implement Tier 1 classroom management practices with fidelity. However, some teachers continue to experience barriers to implementation even when receiving such consultation, suggesting that additional components may be needed. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we evaluated the extent to which an enhanced Multi-Component Motivational Consultation (MCMC) condition, that includes motivational interviewing and explicit strategies for addressing barriers, leads to greater growth in teacher practices (Aim 1) and greater reductions in student rule violations (Aim 2) than a BPS consultation condition, particularly among teachers with risks for low implementation fidelity. Participants were 134 general education elementary school teachers randomly assigned to one of two consultation conditions designed to enhance their classroom management practices. To assess risk for low implementation fidelity, we used motivational ruler questions and asked teachers to rate the importance of classroom management practices and their confidence in classroom management practices at baseline. Classrooms were observed nearly weekly throughout the trial. As hypothesized, teachers in both conditions demonstrated significant growth in appropriate response to student rule violations and teachers in the MCMC condition ended with higher levels compared to the BPS condition (effects size&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.47). This pattern was moderated by teacher importance ratings, such that those with lower ratings of importance about classroom management practices (a risk for low fidelity) benefited significantly more from the enhanced MCMC condition than the BPS condition. Teachers in both conditions demonstrated significant growth in use of effective instructions and rate of labeled praise (no effect of condition or moderation). For praise, there was a significant main effect of importance ratings, such across both conditions, higher importance ratings were associated with greater growth in labeled praise and higher rates of labeled praise at the end of consultation. Classrooms in both conditions experienced significant declines in observed student rule violations. The findings have implications for enhancing consultative supports for teachers and for future research on consultation strategies.

Microbial survival and function often depend on metabolic interactions within communities. Therefore, a central question in disentangling microbial organization is determining which minimal groups of strains are able to thrive in a given medium-referred to as "minimal communities." Answering this question is essential for understanding microbial distribution, enhancing laboratory cultivation, and designing synthetic communities (SynComs). Here, we introduce misosoup, a Python package for identifying minimal communities (minimal supplying community search). Through genome-scale constraint-based metabolic modeling, misosoup enables the systematic identification of communities that support microbial growth in environments where individual strains fail to survive alone. We validate misosoup against experimentally verified minimal communities, demonstrating its ability to predict known cooperative interactions, cocultures, and consortia with biotechnological potential. We further illustrate the use of misosoup to investigate broad microbial ecology questions by applying it to a set of 60 marine microbes, finding pervasive cross-feeding-driven niche expansion, and showing how the detailed outputs provided by misosoup facilitate research on hot topics such as the identification of functional groups. In summary, misosoup provides a powerful tool for microbial ecology and community design, with potential applications in both research and biotechnological innovation. Microbes often rely on each other to survive, especially in environments where they cannot live alone. Understanding which small groups of microbes can thrive together-called minimal communities-is key to improving laboratory research, designing synthetic ecosystems, and exploring how microbes spread in nature. To support this, we developed misosoup, a Python tool that identifies these communities using advanced metabolic modeling. misosoup helps scientists discover how microbes cooperate by sharing nutrients, a process known as metabolic cross-feeding. When tested on sets of species from different origins, the tool showed that species could thrive in more environments when part of a group. This finding highlights the importance of cooperation in microbial life. misosoup not only predicts these interactions but also provides detailed insights that can guide ecological studies and biotechnological innovation. By revealing how microbes support each other, misosoup contributes to a deeper understanding of life's interconnectedness and offers tools for solving real-world challenges.

Upper elementary students face increasing social-emotional challenges during early adolescence, yet traditional lecture-based emotion education may provide limited opportunities for situated emotional practice. Although game-based learning has been widely used to enhance motivation and cognitive outcomes, the effects of educational escape games (EEGs) on emotion regulation strategies and achievement emotions remain insufficiently understood. This study used a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design to examine the effects of integrating EEGs into an emotion education curriculum on fifth-grade students' learning achievement, self-reported emotion regulation strategies, and self-reported achievement emotions. Participants were 56 fifth-grade students from two intact classes at an elementary school in southern Taiwan. One class received a 6-week emotion education curriculum integrated with EEGs, whereas the other received teacher-guided questioning and explanation based on the same curriculum content. Quantitative data were collected through pretests and posttests and analyzed using paired-samples t-tests and ANCOVA. Qualitative data, including classroom observations and a focus group interview with seven students from the experimental group, were analyzed using framework analysis to contextualize the quantitative findings. After controlling for pretest scores, the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher curriculum-based learning achievement than the control group. However, no significant short-term changes were found in students' self-reported cognitive reappraisal or expressive suppression. Regarding achievement emotions, the experimental group reported higher anxiety and lower enjoyment after the intervention. Qualitative findings suggested that students' anxiety was mainly related to time pressure, puzzle difficulty, and uncertainty, and was often accompanied by continued participation, peer discussion, and problem-solving attempts rather than withdrawal. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because a shortened achievement emotions measure was used and the anxiety subscale showed low internal consistency. Overall, EEGs may provide a high-challenge, highly engaging context for emotion education, but game-based learning does not necessarily increase enjoyment.

Students at two-year community and technical colleges need access to research opportunities that build scientific and interpersonal skills, and foster a scientific identity to successfully transfer to four-year institutions or the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce. Tiny Earth, a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) that advances antimicrobial discovery from soil bacteria, serves as the foundation for the Tiny Earth Summer Research Course (TESRC), a cohort-based, full-time summer research experience for undergraduates from historically underrepresented groups at two-year colleges to conduct research at a university after completing a Tiny Earth course at their enrolled institution. After completing TESRC, students reported gains in research and workforce skills, including understanding antimicrobial discovery, practicing the scientific method, communicating research findings, working collaboratively with peers and mentors, and solving problems independently. They also reported that participation in TESRC fostered a greater sense of belonging in a scientific community. After completing TESRC, students continued educational and career pursuits in scientific fields.

to understand the family management experience of mental disorders in adolescents in light of the Family Management Style Framework. a qualitative case study was conducted with six families between July and November 2022. The interviews were analyzed using a hybrid thematic analysis model, with the support of NVivo&#xae; 15. families understand mental illness as a condition marked by stigma and daily challenges. Adolescents' identity oscillates between normality and vulnerability, guiding care towards safety and well-being. Changes in routine reflect the effort to cope with unpredictability, while future expectations value adolescents' autonomy and mental health. the study provides support for interventions that promote resilience and family functionality, based on psychoeducation, problem-solving, reinforcement of strengths, and mitigation of problematic aspects of family management.