搜索结果：Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere

Sujets qui sont plus particulierement abordes dans ce cours: 1. Elements de cosmologie, l'Univers homogene Les principes cosmologiques et leurs verifications observationnelles Histoire thermique de l'Univers Inflation, motivations et principe de base 2. Elements de cosmologie, l'Univers inhomogene La croissance des fluctuations Pourquoi un modele avec de la Matiere Noire Froide ? Evidences de l'existence de matiere noire 3. La dynamique gravitationnelle, les theories lineaires L'approximation Newtonnienne avec un seul flot Description Eulerienne ou description Lagrangienne Vers la dynamique non-lineaire: l'effondrement spherique 4. Le regime quasilineaire Effet du couplage de mode: la skewness La hierarchie des correlations en regimes quasi-lineaire Les termes sous-dominants du developpement perturbatif 5. Application aux proprietes statistiques des champs de distorsions gravitationnelles La relation entre convergence locale et densite projetee Variance et skewness de la convergence locale 6. Vers le regime fortement non-lineaire Les solutions auto-similaires et les modeles hierarchiques Distribution de matiere et distribution de lumiere

ESPANOL: Una experiencia que parte del uso de un espejo plano colocado horizontalmente a la altura de la nariz del observador, que permite uma nueva dimension a la experiencia de ver imagenes com espejos simples, sirve para discutir lo que aun puede hacerse para que el estudiante gane uma vision mas profunda y conceptual en el aprendizaje de la fisica. El enfasis esta en la idea de independencia mental, que incluye la de que nuevos resultados pueden surgir en el analisis de experimentos que no necesariamente precisan ser hechos con elementos nuevos o de sofisticada realizacion. ENGLISH TRANSLATION: The experience of employing a plane mirror located at the height of the nose of an observer, giving a new dimension to the experiences made with simple mirrors, is used as an example into the discussion of what can be done for the student to reach a deeper and conceptual insight in learning Physics. The main idea lays on the mental independence, which includes that new results can come through the analysis of experiments which not necessarily needs to be made with new elements or through a sophisticated procedure.

Large language models, such as the well-known ChatGPT, have brought about an unexpected revolution in the field of artificial intelligence. On the one hand, they have numerous practical applications and enormous potential still to be explored. On the other hand, they are also the subject of debate from scientific, philosophical, and social perspectives: there are doubts about the exact mechanisms of their functioning and their actual capacity for language comprehension, and their applications raise ethical dilemmas. In this chapter, we describe how this technology has been developed and the fundamentals of its operation, allowing us to better understand its capabilities and limitations and to introduce some of the main debates surrounding its development and use. -- Los grandes modelos de lenguaje, como el conocido ChatGPT, han supuesto una inesperada revolución en el ámbito de la inteligencia artificial. Por un lado, cuentan con multitud de aplicaciones prácticas y un enorme potencial todavía por explorar. Por otro lado, son también objeto de debate, tanto desde el punto de vista científico y filosófico como social: hay dudas sobre los mecanismos exactos de su funcionamiento y su

The identity of the famous place of La Mancha appearing at the Quijote is an unknown with a history almost as long as that of the famous book by Miguel de Cervantes. This work analyzes data obtained from a Geographic Information System and compares the results with those of the previous works. Three different variables with two possible values each are considered: time or space data, 3 or 4 reference points, and the commonly used distances to the place of La Mancha or a set of recently proposed ones. The village in the Campo de Montiel which is closest to be the place of La Mancha happens to be Carrizosa or Villanueva de los Infantes, depending on the configuration, with the latter being the solution for the configuration in which the relative errors are the smallest and the second candidate village is furthest from the first. ----- La identidad del famoso lugar de la Mancha que aparece en El Quijote es una incógnita con una historia casi tan larga como la publicación de la famosa obra de Miguel de Cervantes. Este trabajo analiza datos obtenidos mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica y compara los resultados con los de los trabajos anteriores. Se consideran tres variables di

This review presents a brief discussion of the theory of Cold Dark Matter of structure formation in the universe, describing the main processes determining the power spectrum, the non-linear gravitational collapse, the formation of galaxies and the evolution of the intergalactic medium. Recent advances in the observations of high redshift galaxies, and their interpretation in the context of this theory, are then summarized. Este art\'ıculo de revisión presenta una breve exposición de la teor\'ıa de la Materia Invisible Fr\'ıa de la formación de estructura en el universo, describiendo los procesos más importantes que determinan el espectro de potencia, el colapso gravitatorio no lineal, la formación de galaxias y la evolución del medio intergaláctico. Resumimos también los avances recientes en las observaciones de galaxias a alto corrimiento al rojo, y la interpretación en el contexto de esa teor\'ıa.

In this thesis, an almost complete classification of all graduated twisted tensorial products of $K[x]$ with $K[y]$ is obtained. We obtain a particular example and three main cases: quadratic algebras, classified by Conner and Goetz by a different method, a family called $A(n,d,a)$ with the property of $(n+1)$-extension for $n>1$, and a third case, not fully classified. Furthermore, in this third case, a family of graded twisted tensor products $B(a,L)$ is obtained, parametrized by a family of quasi-balanced sequences. Members of $B(a,L)$ family do not have the m-extension property, for no $m$. -- En esta tesis se obtiene una clasificación casi completa de todos los productos tensoriales torcidos graduados de $K[x]$ con $K[y]$. Se obtiene un ejemplo particular y tres casos principales: álgebras cuadráticas, clasificadas por Conner y Goetz por métodos diferentes, una familia llamada $A(n,d,a)$ con la propiedad de $(n+1)$-extensión para cualquier $n>1$ y un tercer caso no completamente clasificado, para el cual se describen los cálculos iniciales que ilustran cómo se puede alcanzar la clasificación de las posibles aplicaciones de torcimiento con una cantidad creciente de cálcul

In this expository article, we study the relation between the boolean functions and the hypercontractivity theorems of Aline Bonami. We focus on the social choice theory, and present some of the most important results in the area, such as the Friedgut-Kalai-Naor (FKN) and the Kahn-Kalai-Linial (KKL) theorems, and the famous Fourier Entropy/Influence conjecture. -- En este artículo expositivo estudiamos la relación entre las funciones booleanas y los teoremas de hipercontractividad de Aline Bonami. Nos concentramos en la teoría de la elección social, y presentamos algunos de los resultados más importantes en el área como los teoremas de Friedgut-Kalai-Naor (FKN) y de Kahn-Kalai-Linial (KKL), y la famosa conjetura Entropíıa de Fourier/Influencia.

In this article we review the present knowledge on the elastic properties of membranes of biological origin. Assuming the fluid mosaic hypothesis, we consider the phospholipid bilayer as the structural base of a biological membrane. We expose a model due to Helfrich which can be used to obtain an expression for the membrane elastic energy. The free energy is completely characterized by two local principal curvatures and four parameters that depend on the chemical composition of the membrane and its local environment. In addition we present the theoretical justification of an experimental method (the Micropipette Manipulation technique) that may be used to measure the membrane rigidity. Finally, we describe some physical consequences of these concepts, such as the explanation of the lamellar-sponge phase transition and the emergence of the steric interaction between membranes. ------ Se presenta una revisión del conocimiento actual sobre las propiedades elásticas de las membranas. Bajo la hipótesis del mosaico fluido se considera a una bicapa de fosfolípido como la base estructural de una membrana biológica y se expone un modelo debido a Helfrich a partir del cuál se obtiene una exp

Our study applies statistical methods to French and Italian corpora to examine the phenomenon of multi-word term reduction in specialty languages. There are two kinds of reduction: anaphoric and lexical. We show that anaphoric reduction depends on the discourse type (vulgarization, pedagogical, specialized) but is independent of both domain and language; that lexical reduction depends on domain and is more frequent in technical, rapidly evolving domains; and that anaphoric reductions tend to follow full terms rather than precede them. We define the notion of the anaphoric tree of the term and study its properties. Concerning lexical reduction, we attempt to prove statistically that there is a notion of term lifecycle, where the full form is progressively replaced by a lexical reduction. ----- Nous étudions par des méthodes statistiques sur des corpus français et italiens, le phénomène de réduction des termes complexes dans les langues de spécialité. Il existe deux types de réductions : anaphorique et lexicale. Nous montrons que la réduction anaphorique dépend du type de discours (de vulgarisation, pédagogique, spécialisé) mais ne dépend ni du domaine, ni de la langue, alors que la

In the article, we present a Web-based System called M2LADS, which supports the integration and visualization of multimodal data recorded in user experiences (UX) in a Learning Analytics (LA) system in the form of Web-based Dashboards. Based on the edBB platform, the multimodal data gathered contains biometric and behavioral signals including electroencephalogram data to measure learners' cognitive attention, heart rate for affective measures and visual attention from the video recordings. Additionally, learners' static background data and their learning performance measures are tracked using LOGGE tool. M2LADS provides opportunities to capture learners' holistic experience during their interactions with the learning analytic system in order to improve the system and the user experience of the learners. -- En este artículo, presentamos M2LADS, un sistema que permite la integración y visualización de datos multimodales en forma de Dashboards Web. Estos datos provienen de sesiones de experiencia de usuario en un sistema de Learning Analytics (LA) llevadas a cabo por estudiantes de MOOCs. Los datos multimodales incluyen señales biométricas y de comportamiento monitorizados por la plat

Educative platforms are at the heart of the development of online education. They can not only be reduced to technological aspects. Underlying models impact teaching and learning from the preparing of lessons to the learning sessions. Research related to these platforms are numerous and their stakes are important. For these reasons, we launched a call to a special issue on "Designs and uses of educative platforms" An educative platform is a computer system designed to automate various functions relating to the organization of the course, to the management of their content, to the monitoring of learners and supervision of persons in charge of various formations (Office de la langue française, 2005). So educative platforms are Learning Management Systems (LMS) which are specific to education contexts.

In this work, deep learning techniques for brain age prediction from magnetic resonance images are investigated, aiming to assist in the identification of biomarkers of the natural aging process. The identification of biomarkers is useful for detecting an early-stage neurodegenerative process, as well as for predicting age-related or non-age-related cognitive decline. Two techniques are implemented and compared in this work: a 3D Convolutional Neural Network applied to the volumetric image and a 2D Convolutional Neural Network applied to slices from the axial plane, with subsequent fusion of individual predictions. The best result was obtained by the 2D model, which achieved a mean absolute error of 3.83 years. -- Neste trabalho são investigadas técnicas de aprendizado profundo para a predição da idade cerebral a partir de imagens de ressonância magnética, visando auxiliar na identificação de biomarcadores do processo natural de envelhecimento. A identificação de biomarcadores é útil para a detecção de um processo neurodegenerativo em estágio inicial, além de possibilitar prever um declínio cognitivo relacionado ou não à idade. Duas técnicas são implementadas e comparadas neste tra

The scattered starlight which contaminates the spectrum of a reddened star depends on l as 1/lambda^n (n*4), and must be attributed to small particles. Surprisingly these particules, which have a quasi-isotropic phase function, do not participate to the brightness of the nebulae. The importance of the intensity of the scattered light present in the spectrum of reddened stars can be explained only if the scattering is coherent. The intensity of the scattered light is then proportional to the square of the number of particles, and is concentrated within an angle of 10^{-8}" from the star. The scatterers can be small grains, or, atoms or molecules from the gas. Hydrogen satisfies the conditions imposed to the scatterers. -- La lumiere diffusee qui contamine le spectre des etoiles rougies a une dependance en 1/lambda^n (n>=4), caracteristique de particules petites devant la longueur d'onde. Il est surprenant que ces particules, qui doivent diffuser de facon quasi-isotrope, ne contribuent pas a la brillance des nebuleuses. L'importance de la lumiere diffusee par ces petites particules dans le spectre d'une etoile rougie s'explique seulement si la diffusion est coherente. L'intensite

Mediante el estudio de propiedades geométricas de los sistemas C-ortocéntricos, relacionadas con las nociones de ortogonalidad (Birkhoff, isósceles, cordal), bisectriz (Busemann, Glogovskij) y línea soporte a una circunferencia, se muestran nueve caracterizaciones de euclidianidad para planos de Minkowski arbitrarios. Tres de estas generalizan caracterizaciones dadas para planos de Minkowski estrictamente convexos en [8, 9], y las otras seis son nuevos aportes sobre el tema. -- By studying geometric properties of C-orthocentric systems related to the notions of orthogonality (Birkhoff, isosceles, chordal), angular bisector (Busemann, Glogovskij) and support line to a circumference, nine characterizations of the Euclidean plane are shown for arbitrary Minkowski planes. Three of these generalized characterizations given for strictly convex Minkowski planes in [8, 9], and the other six are new contributions on the subject.

Facial recognition powered by Artificial Intelligence has achieved high accuracy in specific scenarios and applications. Nevertheless, it faces significant challenges regarding privacy and identity management, particularly when unknown individuals appear in the operational context. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a facial recognition system within a federated learning framework tailored to open-set scenarios. The proposed approach integrates the OpenMax algorithm into federated learning, leveraging the exchange of mean activation vectors and local distance measures to reliably distinguish between known and unknown subjects. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, demonstrating its potential for enhancing privacy-aware and robust facial recognition in distributed environments. -- El reconocimiento facial impulsado por Inteligencia Artificial ha demostrado una alta precisión en algunos escenarios y aplicaciones. Sin embargo, presenta desafíos relacionados con la privacidad y la identificación de personas, especialmente considerando que pueden aparecer sujetos desconocidos para el sistema que lo implementa. En este tr

Linguistic ambiguity continues to represent a significant challenge for natural language processing (NLP) systems, notwithstanding the advancements in architectures such as Transformers and BERT. Inspired by the recent success of instructional models like ChatGPT and Gemini (In 2023, the artificial intelligence was called Bard.), this study aims to analyze and discuss linguistic ambiguity within these models, focusing on three types prevalent in Brazilian Portuguese: semantic, syntactic, and lexical ambiguity. We create a corpus comprising 120 sentences, both ambiguous and unambiguous, for classification, explanation, and disambiguation. The models capability to generate ambiguous sentences was also explored by soliciting sets of sentences for each type of ambiguity. The results underwent qualitative analysis, drawing on recognized linguistic references, and quantitative assessment based on the accuracy of the responses obtained. It was evidenced that even the most sophisticated models, such as ChatGPT and Gemini, exhibit errors and deficiencies in their responses, with explanations often providing inconsistent. Furthermore, the accuracy peaked at 49.58 percent, indicating the need

The main objective of this work is to examine possible effects of using freshman student subjects in software engineering experiments. Particularly in this work we report the effectiveness measured as percentage of observed and observable defects of two software testing techniques: Black-box and white-box. Regarding observed defects, both techniques show an effectiveness around of 4%. With respect of observable defects by test cases, black-box testing is slightly more effective (21%) than white-box testing (16%), although this difference is not significant. We observe a considerable lack of technical skills of subjects for applying both software testing techniques. Due to observed findings, we suggest to employ students with more technical skills for carrying out software engineering experiments. ----- El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en investigar los efectos que conlleva realizar experimentos en ingeniería de software (IS) empleando como sujetos experimentales a estudiantes de pregrado cursando su primer año de estudios de la carrera en ingeniería de software. De manera particular en este trabajo se investiga la efectividad medida en porcentaje de defectos observados y obser

The title of this essay, Induced perversity, La perversidad inducida (in Spanish), refers to the side effects of sharing information on social media when it turns out to be false; or when judgments are made about people, events, companies, or facts that can produce effects often leading to consequences that were not initially foreseen. In digital environments, on the internet of linked data, harrassment politics and the cancellation culture are not isolated phenomena; they should be related to the evolution of the web, the emergence of the platform-driven economy, and the change of users' behaviour. Risks are not only a product of technology or the emergence of artificial intelligence. Ethical problems arise in a hybrid society, where the adaptation of human behavior to human-machine interaction (HMI), and the ethical, social, and legal ways of regulating them have yet to be learned. This contribution complements the contents of the article: La regimentacion tecnologica. Inteligencia artificial, fascismo, agresionn y sociedad democratica. TeKnoKultura. Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales, no 22, 2-2025, monografico sobre poder y politica de la inteligencia artificial.

We compute the {\it exact} equation of state of circular strings in the (2+1) dimensional de Sitter (dS) and anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes, and analyze its properties for the different (oscillating, contracting and expanding) strings. The string equation of state has the perfect fluid form $P=(γ-1)E,$ with the pressure and energy expressed closely and completely in terms of elliptic functions, the instantaneous coefficient $γ$ depending on the elliptic modulus. We semi-classically quantize the oscillating circular strings. The string mass is $m=\sqrt{C}/(πHα'),\;C$ being the Casimir operator, $C=-L_{μν}L^{μν},$ of the $O(3,1)$-dS [$O(2,2)$-AdS] group, and $H$ is the Hubble constant. We find $α'm^2_{\mbox{dS}}\approx 5.9n,\;(n\in N_0),$ and a {\it finite} number of states $N_{\mbox{dS}}\approx 0.17/(H^2α')$ in de Sitter spacetime; $m^2_{\mbox{AdS}}\approx 4H^2n^2$ (large $n\in N_0$) and $N_{\mbox{AdS}}=\infty$ in anti de Sitter spacetime. The level spacing grows with $n$ in AdS spacetime, while is approximately constant (although larger than in Minkowski spacetime) in dS spacetime. The massive states in dS spacetime decay through tunnel effect and the semi-classical decay probabil