搜索结果：Social science research

BackgroundPalliative care is an essential component of high-quality cancer care; however, limited research has examined the multilevel barriers to and facilitators of social workers' ability to deliver palliative care for patients with cancer. Guided by ecological systems theory, this qualitative study identifies such barriers and facilitators perceived by social workers providing palliative cancer care in the United States.MethodsUsing an exploratory qualitative design, we conducted semi-structured Zoom interviews with 10 social workers practicing in palliative cancer care settings. We identified themes in participant responses using reflective thematic analysis and interpreted those themes within an ecological systems framework.ResultsParticipants identified barriers and facilitators across societal, organizational, interpersonal, and individual levels. Societal barriers included stigma, misunderstandings about palliative care, and financial constraints, whereas integration into care teams and continuity across care settings facilitated coordinated care. Organizational barriers included excessive workload demands and delayed referrals; social workers' community connections facilitated enhanced resource access and care coordination. Interpersonal barriers centered on unclear role delineation, while interprofessional collaboration, proactive role education, and positive patient experiences strengthened social work practice in palliative care settings. At the individual level, insufficient role preparation and administrative burden constrained patient-centered care; however, a strong sense of professional meaning and clinical competence supported social workers' practice in these settings.ConclusionEnhancing role clarity, palliative care education, interprofessional collaboration, and organizational support may strengthen social workers' integration within palliative care settings and advance person- and family-centered cancer care.

Financial burden has emerged as a significant challenge in oncology, adversely affecting patients' quality of life, treatment adherence, and long-term outcomes. While research on cancer-related financial toxicity (FT) has grown rapidly, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of its knowledge structure, thematic evolution, and emerging trends remains scarce. Publications on FT among cancer patients, published from 2003 to January 19, 2026, were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases. Bibliometric and science mapping analyses were conducted using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R software to assess publication trends, collaboration networks, research hotspots, and thematic evolution. Research on FT in cancer patients has experienced substantial growth over the past two decades, with increasing interdisciplinary integration. The focus has shifted from descriptive economic burden assessments to patient-centered and system-oriented approaches, conceptualizing FT as a modifiable risk embedded within social and clinical contexts. Social support and multidisciplinary management have emerged as major interconnected research hotspots, emphasizing that effective mitigation of FT requires addressing both upstream social determinants of health and downstream integration of coordinated clinical interventions. Emerging keywords suggest that measurement and conceptualization, behavioral consequences, socioeconomic impact, and intervention & health system response are likely to influence future research directions. This bibliometric analysis reveals that FT research has evolved into a comprehensive conceptual framework, positioning FT as a modifiable, system-level risk in cancer care. By synthesizing evidence on social support and multidisciplinary management, this study proposes a model linking social determinants, clinical assessment, and coordinated interventions. These findings offer valuable insights to guide future research and the development of targeted strategies aimed at alleviating financial burden and improving survivorship care, supporting the integration of FT management into patient-centered oncology practice.

The aim of this study was to explore staff and students' understanding and experiences of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) at University College Cork (UCC), taking into account the university's recent establishment of a dedicated research unit to advance PPI capacity. The study sought to identify the barriers, facilitators, and opportunities for strengthening and embedding high-quality PPI within the university's research practices. A cross-sectional survey was distributed via email and social media to all UCC staff and students. The 18-item survey, informed by prior instruments and refined with PPI and stakeholder input, captured quantitative and qualitative data relating to PPI understanding, awareness, satisfaction, motivation, barriers, and enablers. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. A total of 289 respondents took part in the survey, of whom 69.1% (186/269) were staff members and 30.9% (83/269) were students. Analyses were based on the number of respondents who answered each item. Overall, 64.4% (168/261) rated their PPI knowledge as reasonable, good, or very good, supported by their ability to correctly identify authentic examples of PPI. Among those familiar with PPI, just over half (51.6%, 98/190) had implemented it in their research. The top reported barriers were funding (50%, 81/162), time constraints (48.8%, 79/162), and concerns about tokenistic engagement (42.6%, 69/162). Content analysis of free-text responses highlighted the need for both structural and cultural changes to enable meaningful PPI, including institutional recognition and integration, improved resourcing and funding, fair treatment and remuneration, and cultural and attitude change. Respondents also identified three priority areas for future training: 1. PPI recruitment and facilitation, 2. Managing and communicating with contributors, and 3. Securing funding for PPI activities. This study demonstrates that while UCC staff and students report a generally strong understanding of PPI, this level of understanding and implementation varies by department. Practical implementation remains limited and constrained by barriers such as time, funding, and tokenism. Addressing these challenges requires institutional commitment, resources, and cultural change. Prioritising targeted training alongside structural supports offers clear opportunities to strengthen capacity and embed meaningful PPI within the university research environment. Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) means doing research with or by members of the public, rather than to, about or for them. Although many people agree PPI is important in health and social care research, it is not common practice. This study looked at staff and students’ understanding and experiences of PPI at University College Cork (UCC), Ireland. A survey was shared by email and social media. The survey contained questions relating to PPI understanding, awareness, satisfaction, motivation, barriers, and enablers. The survey received responses from 269 individuals, 70% of the people who answered the survey were staff members and 30% were students. The results of the survey show that almost 70% said they had a good understanding of PPI, but only half of these people had used it in their research. The biggest barriers were lack of time, funding constraints and worries about tokenistic involvement. Survey respondents said the University could help by recognising PPI as an important part of research, providing more funding and resources, ensuring fair treatment and payment for PPI contributors, and encouraging positive attitudes to PPI. Respondents also identified three important areas for future PPI training: 1. PPI recruitment and facilitation, 2. Managing and communicating with PPI contributors, and 3. Securing funding for PPI activities. Overall, the findings show that while respondents have a good understanding of PPI, more support and cultural change are needed to make it a routine part of research at UCC.

From an evolutionary perspective, large-scale human groups face an adaptive challenge: maintaining cohesion beyond the limits of one-to-one grooming. Cultural practices that recruit evolved bonding systems may help solve this problem by harnessing mu-opioid psychobiological mechanisms. Religious rituals are cultural practices that consistently promote social cohesion, and here we report a pre-registered large-scale field study examining psychobiological mechanisms underlying these rituals. Participants were tested in the United Kingdom and Brazil at 24 ritual sites (N = 265), with measures taken pre- and post-ritual. Results showed that levels of social bonding (5.4% increase, rR = 0.30) and positive affect (13.1% increase, rR = 0.27) were higher after ritual participation. Importantly, increased social bonding was independently predicted by increases in pain threshold (a proxy for mu-opioid activation; β = 0.13, R2 = 0.02), positive affect (β = 0.25) and connection to a higher power (β = 0.15), even after controlling for country, gender, age and religiosity (R2 = 0.15). This multi-site field study provides experimental yet naturalistic evidence that religious rituals recruit an evolved mu-opioid-based affiliation system that may help sustain cohesion in large congregations, supporting the brain-opioid theory of social attachment.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions worldwide, with an increasing number of cases originating early in life, particularly during adolescence. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression arising during this critical developmental stage remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a mouse model of depression that was induced by 4-week social isolation immediately after weaning, which fulfilled the key criteria of the etiologic, face and predictive validity. Meanwhile, social isolation during adolescence also resulted in impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, downregulation of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), a susceptibility gene for depression, in the mPFC mediated social isolation-induced depressive-like behaviors by ErbB4 receptors in PV interneuron. Importantly, a clinical anti-epileptic drug clonazepam (CZP), which is a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptor, reversed depressive-like behaviors in these isolated mice. Our findings thus establish an animal model of depression in adolescence and shed new light on the mechanisms underlying adolescent depression, which provide potential targets for its treatment.

This study investigates the relationship between social and emotional competence (SEC) and suicide risk in Chinese college students and whether depression is a mediating factor, and furthermore whether self-esteem is a moderating factor of direct and indirect pathways. A cross-sectional study among 24,103 college students from one Chinese university using the Delaware Social-Emotional Competency Scale (DSECS-S), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Correlation, mediation, and moderated mediation analysis were conducted controlling for gender, health status, place of origin, and sibling status. The path from SEC to suicide risk is significantly and negatively associated (&#x3b2; = -0.23, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Depression partially mediates this relationship SEC is negatively associated with depression (&#x3b2; = -0.17, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001); depression, in turn, is positively associated with suicide risk (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.29, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). The indirect effect of SEC on suicide risk through depression is significant, indirect effect = -0.05, (95% CI [-0.06, -0.05]). Self-esteem significantly moderated all paths in the mediation model. Specifically, higher self-esteem strengthens the negative association between SEC and depression, strengthens the beneficial association between SEC and lower suicide risk, and attenuates the positive association between depression and suicide risk (simple slope).Simple slope analyses revealed that associations between SEC and depression, and between depression and suicide risk are weaker among students with higher self-esteem. A moderated mediation model in which SEC (social-emotional competencies) are associated with lower suicide risk directly and through depression was supported, with self-esteem acting as a protective moderator across pathways.

Following more than two years of investigation, meeting, and collaborative decision-making by a committee of experts representing a variety of backgrounds and perspectives, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recently published a Consensus Study Report entitled Understanding and Addressing Misinformation about Science. The report includes conclusions and recommendations for multi-sector action, several of which are highly relevant for medical and public health professionals, health information providers, and people who support communities through listening to health-related concerns.

Many advances have been made to identify novel, effective orthopedic care practices. For all that is known about the comparative effectiveness of various clinical decisions in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury care, surprisingly little is known about how surgeons approach decision-making in the face of this evidence. Implementation science models such as Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behavior (COM-B) offer a way to organize and comprehensively understand how clinicians make decisions. This evaluation aimed to understand and quantify the factors that influence orthopedic surgeons' decision-making in ACL injury care according to COM-B. This pragmatic evaluation used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach combining orthopedic leader discussions and qualitative semi-structured interviews, followed by four rounds of quantitative census surveys to understand the factors influencing four surgeon decision points related to ACL injury care. First, two authors (BN a practicing surgeon with a clinical and research leadership role and MR the director of the affiliated orthopedic research institute) participated in recurring in-person orthopedic leader discussions; then additional selected surgeons were invited to participate in one-time qualitative semi-structured phone interviews; and, finally all surgeons that perform ACL procedures in the health system were invited to participate in four quantitative web surveys. Results were summarized descriptively according to the COM-B model. Two co-authors (BN and MR) participated in the orthopedic leader discussions, five invited surgeons participated in qualitative interviews (100% response rate), and 10-11 surgeons participated in four survey rounds (83%-100% response rate). Factors influencing each of the four selected decision points were identified within each COM-B category. Clinical knowledge (capability) and social influence of patient preferences (opportunity) were identified as highly influential for all decisions. Automatic decision making or habit (motivation) was also highly important for most but not all decisions. Interviews and surveys with surgeons from one Midwest U.S. health system demonstrate the complexity of ACL injury care decision-making. Surgeons reported that capability, opportunity, and motivation were important in all four decisions. The most important factors influencing decisions ranged from their technical ability to perform one surgical technique over another (e.g., hamstring autograft) in selecting what type of surgical graft to use to their patients' preferences for having surgery in deciding whether to recommending surgery. Future research to identify and test intervention strategies like shared decision-making training in alignment with the identified factors like technical ability and social influences have the potential to lead to higher-value orthopedic care by supporting decisions like recommending longer pre-operative rehabilitation.

BackgroundDespite approximately half of the global population experiencing this life transition, little research has considered the psychological impacts of perimenopause and menopause. Even less consideration has been given to the experiences of neurodivergent women and the complexities that may accompany hormonal transition periods for this cohort. Given the neurological and psychological complexities of perimenopause, menopause, and neurodivergence alike, research is needed to understand the perspectives and experiences of neurodivergent and neurotypical women, individually and in context to one another.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore how neurodivergent and neurotypical women navigate the psychological and cognitive changes associated with perimenopause and menopause, with attention to how experiences of hormonal change are constructed and understood.DesignThis research adopted a qualitative social constructionist methodology that prioritised understanding how women construct their experiences of perimenopause and menopause, alongside constructions of neurodivergence.MethodsIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve female-identifying participants. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsSix themes were constructed including: (i) intersecting contexts and dual marginalities; (ii) evolving expressions of neurodivergence; (iii) unmasking and self-reclamation; (iv) physiological experiences of menopausal transition and positions on treatment; (v) positive experiences with healthcare professionals, and (vi) frustration over medical ambiguity.ConclusionFindings indicate that more education, greater emphasis on spousal support, earlier interventions, and a biopsychosocial approach to treatment and management is needed to encompass the complex needs of neurodivergent and neurotypical women alike during menopausal transitions. Further exploration is needed to understand the intersections between menopause and neurodivergence, as well as the process of identity disruption and reconstruction for women in menopausal transition.

Human reasoning is traditionally modeled through rational-order frameworks that assume stability, separability, and coherence. Yet across judgment, valuation, perception, and social decision-making, empirical work consistently reveals patterned violations of these assumptions. These deviations intensify in real-world contexts shaped by institutional constraints, identity commitments, and collective narratives, where reasoning must navigate incompatible interpretive frames and interdependent evaluative pressures. Existing theories typically treat such phenomena as noise, bias, or bounded rationality, leaving no formal account of how rational-order rules interact with the variability inherent in social domains. This article proposes a structural framework that explains why these two regimes diverge and how their interaction produces systematic mismatches. Building on quantum probability theory, not as a physical metaphor but as a representational tool, it formalizes evaluative states that remain indeterminate until elicited, transform under contextual modulation, and become relationally coupled across agents and domains. Whereas, existing quantum-cognition models primarily address task-level effects such as conjunction errors or order dependence, this framework scales quantum principles to socially and institutionally embedded reasoning. The account identifies contradiction, interference, entanglement, and resolution as recurrent properties of real-world cognition and shows how quantum formalisms provide a coherent vocabulary for capturing these phenomena. To support cumulative progress, the article outlines a research agenda with empirically testable designs for distinguishing incompatible bases, assessing inseparability, modeling context-driven transformations, and integrating multi-level reasoning environments. This program positions quantum and classical approaches within a unified architecture and advances a broader science of reasoning.

Physical activity among college students is a complex phenomenon influenced by many factors. This study aimed to examine the associations among psychological resilience, physical self-efficacy, and physical activity among college students and to analyze the statistically mediating role of physical self-efficacy in this relationship. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 650 college students selected from a university in Zhuhai. Measurements were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the College Students' Physical Self-Efficacy Scale. A total of 600 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 and Process 4.2 software and included mainly correlation, regression, mediation, and moderation analyses. The results of this study revealed that psychological resilience, physical activity, and physical self-efficacy were correlated significantly positively with each other. The statistical results indicated an indirect statistical association from psychological resilience to physical activity via physical self-efficacy, with an indirect coefficient of 0.133 (95% confidence interval: 0.080-0.194). In this model, the indirect path coefficient accounted for approximately 50.19% of the total path coefficient. In addition, gender moderated the strength of the association significantly between physical self-efficacy and physical activity. Psychological resilience was correlated not only directly positively with college students' physical activity levels but also indirectly significantly with physical self-efficacy. Therefore, while considering gender differences, focusing on student levels of psychological resilience and physical self-efficacy can aid in the understanding of the psychological factors associated with college students' active participation in physical activity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent chronic disease associated with multiple long-term conditions (Multimorbidity) requiring frequent reviews and escalating pharmacotherapy. However, attainment of glycemic targets in routine clinical practice remains suboptimal, with medication non-adherence representing a major contributor to the efficacy-effectiveness gap. This narrative review summarizes the impact of multidisciplinary team (MDT) care on medication adherence in people with T2DM. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (9 December 2025), supplemented by Google Scholar and reference-list screening, to identify evidence on MDT models and medication adherence outcomes in adults with T2DM. We mainly included original research (n = 19) with the addition of relevant reviews (n = 2) and systematic reviews (n = 4). Overall, multifaceted interventions and collaborated care involving the MDT were associated with improved medication adherence, particularly where teams were integrated and preserved continuity rather than operating as parallel services. Medication focused MDT interventions, most commonly pharmacist led medication review and follow-up, were generally associated with improvements in adherence and, in some studies, improvements in outcomes such as quality of life and healthcare utilization. However, reliance on self-report measures and variable intervention intensity limited comparability. Behavioral adherence support, delivered by nurses or other MDT members using motivational and action planning techniques, showed modest improvements when objectively measured. Additionally, psychosocially integrated approaches addressing depression, diabetes distress and social vulnerability showed potential to improve adherence and clinical outcomes, though adherence was not consistently measured directly. Overall, MDT care appears most likely to improve adherence when interventions are structured, roles within the team are clearly defined, collaboration between professions is well integrated, behavioral and psychosocial barriers are addressed, and follow-up is of sufficient intensity and duration. Future research should standardize adherence outcomes, incorporate objective measures where feasible, control for additional consultation time, and evaluate durability and scalability of multifaceted MDT approaches beyond short-term follow-up.

Scientifically promoting ecological protection and restoration is the core task and important guarantee for urban agglomerations to build an ecological security optimization pattern and promote the high-quality development of regional ecological construction. Taking the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration in Guangxi as the object&#xff0c; focusing on the technical route of "ecological security pattern theory + sky-ground integrated monitoring technology&#xff0c;" through the integration and verification of monitoring data&#xff0c; the analysis of morphological spatial pattern&#xff0c; the correction of ecological source with the help of InVEST model&#xff0c; the calculation of ecological connectivity&#xff0c; and the analysis of ecological resistance surface&#xff0c; the extraction of ecological key elements by circuit theory&#xff0c; the accurate identification of key protection and ecological restoration areas in the study area&#xff0c; the construction and optimization of the ecological security pattern&#xff0c; and the analysis of ecological protection and restoration based on the driving factors of targeted restoration strategies were conducted. The results show that&#xff1a; &#x2460; The total area of landscape pattern types in the study area was 48 207.72 km2&#xff0c; accounting for 65.70% of the total area of the study area&#xff0c; of which the core area was 36 394.50 km2&#xff0c; accounting for 49.60% of the total area of the study area. A total of 30 ecological sources were screened&#xff0c; covering an area of 2 522.84 km2. The first&#xff0c; second&#xff0c; and third sources were 3&#xff0c; 12&#xff0c; and 15&#xff0c; respectively. &#x2461; A total of 67 ecological corridors were extracted&#xff0c; with a total length of 3 318.37 km&#xff1b; a total of 138 ecological pinch points were identified&#xff0c; covering an area of 154.43 km2. A total of 144 ecological obstacle points were identified&#xff0c; covering an area of 603.65 km2. &#x2462; The ecological source&#xff0c; first-class ecological corridor&#xff0c; and ecological pinch point were classified as key protection areas&#xff0c; with an area of 3 619.21 km2. The second-level ecological corridor&#xff0c; the third-level ecological corridor&#xff0c; and the ecological barrier point were classified as ecological restoration areas&#xff0c; with an area of 1 709.27 km2. The area outside the key protection area and ecological restoration area was divided into an ecological control area&#xff0c; with a total area of 68 050.52 km2. &#x2463; Finally&#xff0c; the ecological security optimization pattern of "two screens&#xff0c; four districts&#xff0c; six cores&#xff0c; four corridors&#xff0c; and multiple points" in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration was constructed. &#x2464; The research results reveal that the driving factors of ecological protection and restoration in the study area included policy constraints&#xff0c; ecological needs&#xff0c; economic development&#xff0c; scientific and technological support&#xff0c; international implementation&#xff0c; and social coordination. It is suggested to implement the ecological science and technology governance scheme based on multi-disciplinary integration and multi-scale coordination. The research results fully reflect the actual characteristics of ecological protection and construction in the study area. The proposed land space ecological function zoning control scheme and targeted control strategy provide a scientific decision-making basis and practical guidance for the high-quality development of "land and sea coordination" ecological protection and construction in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration of Guangxi.

暂无摘要（点击查看详情）

IntroductionYoung people are likely to experience a variety of social and health issues; they might engage in sexual activity without the necessary information and skills for protection, which consequently leads to unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and contracting STDs like HIV/AIDS and others. Moreover, risky sexual behaviors such as unprotected sex and transactional sex were common in early adolescents among high-risk groups and early unprotected sexual activities. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis will be essential to estimate the pooled prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and related determinants among Ethiopian Young people.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies was conducted from November 1, 2014, to October 31, 2024. We searched major databases like Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and also searched Google Scholar for missed articles. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to assess risk of bias. The key data were extracted into a structured Excel form and analyzed using STATA version 17 software. The analysis includes 15415 people and 22 articles in total.ResultThe pooled estimate of risky sexual behavior in Ethiopia was 44.19% with 95%CI [34.18-54.21].Male young people were 4.05 times more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors OR 4.05[1.30-6.81]. Young people who use alcohol are 2.67 times more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors OR 2.67[1.99-3.36]. Shisha use was significantly associated with risky sexual behaviors among young people in Ethiopia as a risk factor at OR 2.72[1.64-3.79]. The pooled prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among young people over the last ten years in Ethiopia was high. Gender differences, alcohol consumption, watching pornography, and peer pressure were factors for risky sexual behaviors among young people in Ethiopia.ConclusionNearly half of the adolescents engaged in risky sexual behaviors, indicating the importance of early intervention to reduce social and environmental drivers of risky sexual behaviors among young people. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health and other concerned stakeholders should give due concern to mitigate engagement of adolescents in risky sexual behaviors; Comprehensive sexuality education and interventional planning are required to reduce the engagement of young people in risky sexual behaviors as well as to reduce risk factors. Furthermore, the future researcher should find a comprehensive and effective prevention method that addresses individual, family, peer, and school factors rather than concentrating solely on personal decisions.

Artificial intelligence and digital health technologies are reshaping oncology through increasingly personalized, predictive, and data-driven care. Among these innovations, medical Digital Twins - dynamic virtual software representations of individual patients - are emerging as tools for simulating disease trajectories, forecasting treatment responses, and supporting clinical decision-making. To date, most oncology focused Digital Twin research centers on tumor biology, imaging, genomics, radiotherapy optimization, and treatment response. Integrative Oncology requires a broader perspective. As a patient-centered field that emphasizes Whole Person Health across prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, survivorship, and long-term health promotion, Integrative Oncology depends on biological, behavioral, psychosocial, environmental, and lifestyle-related data that remain underrepresented in digital health infrastructures. This paper argues that Digital Twins could advance Whole Person Health in Integrative Oncology if they are designed to integrate not only disease- and treatment-related data but also key domains of Mind Body Medicine, including physical activity, diet, sleep, stress regulation, self-care, social and other relationships, living conditions, and personal preferences. Drawing on a SWOT analysis and a Whole Person Health Mind Body Medicine model, the paper identifies strengths and opportunities, including personalization, longitudinal monitoring, treatment coordination, and adaptive self-care support. It also highlights challenges related to data quality, interoperability, digital literacy, privacy, autonomy, equity, and reductionist interpretations of health. The central challenge is therefore not only technological but preparatory. Integrative Oncology must actively contribute to interoperable data standards, ethical governance, clinical validation, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure that future Digital Twins support, rather than marginalize, whole person, human-centered cancer care.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts quality of life and economic independence, yet employment rates remain disproportionately low, suggesting a divergence between the legislative intent of inclusion and the clinical goal of functioning. The alignment of social policy with rehabilitation practice is essential. This study conducted a comparative scoping review of federal policies and policy-driven vocational rehabilitation (VR) strategies in the U.S. and Canada to map the evidence landscape and identify critical gaps in cross-national research. The PRISMA guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley framework were used. We searched Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, using COVIDENCE for the final review. Guided by the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework, we included English-language studies and materials that addressed federal-level policies in Canada and the U.S. related to the employment of persons with SCI. Overall, 10 studies were analyzed. The literature predominantly focused on the U.S., particularly within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and state VR systems. A recurring barrier identified across both nations was the "benefits trap," where social protection policies create financial disincentives that affect return-to-work (RTW). On the other hand, integrated interventions such as Individual Placement and Support (IPS) and federally mandated resource allocation (e.g., for assistive technology) demonstrated superior outcomes compared to traditional models. Current policy frameworks, while effective at protecting against discrimination, are often insufficient to overcome structural and financial disincentives to employment. To truly reconcile the goals of rehabilitation and inclusion, future efforts must address policy-driven barriers and prioritize funding for integrated, hospital-based vocational services that translate legal rights into employment outcomes for individuals with SCI.

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of information and communication technology interventions on mental health literacy among young adults and adolescents. The systematic review and meta-analysis methods were guided by the Cochrane guidelines for systematic reviews of interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. Included articles were evaluated with appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute. The authors searched nine databases to January 2026: PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, PsycInfo and Scopus for relevant articles. A total of 55 articles were included in this review. The interventions were successful in enhancing mental health literacy (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), recognition of mental health disorders (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), stigma (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), help-seeking attitudes/beliefs (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and intentions (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01). They were useful for improving personal stigma, social distance, self-stigmatisation of seeking help and stigmatising attitudes but not self-stigma, perceived stigma, stigmatisation by others for seeking-help, explicit attitudes and perception of dangerousness. The interventions were generally useful for improving mental health literacy. Interactive approaches such as websites, videos, and discussions were generally more effective than campaigns, games, applications, mere information or lectures.

Ceftriaxone is an antibiotic frequently prescribed in veterinary medical practice due to its effectiveness against several pathogenic microorganisms responsible for diseases in different animal species. To select scientific articles from the academic databases PubMed and Web of Science that analysed the pharmacokinetic aspects of intravenously administered ceftriaxone in animals. In accordance with the principles of scientific transparency, the systematic review protocol and all research stages were previously registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) platform. The scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were subjected to a checklist comprising 24 minimum assessment items designed for reporting pharmacokinetic studies. A total of 52 pharmacokinetic profiles were identified from the 29 selected scientific articles, including records involving 13 different animal species used in ceftriaxone experimental studies. The limitations and inconsistencies identified in this review highlight the importance of detailed reporting of pharmacokinetic data derived from experimental trials in animals.