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Introduction: Humanized care is a core indicator of nursing quality, yet its prevalence and determinants among Spanish undergraduates remain unclear. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to fourth-year nursing students from public and private universities. Instruments included the Health Professional's Humanization Scale (HUMAS), the Communication Styles Inventory-Revised (CSI-R) and a sociodemographic questionnaire that captured prior training: completion of ≥6 h role-playing seminars in patient-family communication. Results: Mean scores were 3.62 ± 0.48 for HUMAS and 2.50 ± 0.52 for CSI-R. Women exceeded men on HUMAS total (p = 0.025) and on Sociability, Emotional Understanding, Dispositional Optimism and Self-Efficacy (all p ≤ 0.013), but not on Affect-Regulation or CSI-R. Age correlated weakly with Optimism (r = 0.24) and Self-Efficacy (r = 0.21). Students who had completed the role-playing seminars recorded higher HUMAS totals (d = 0.50; p = 0.001) and sub-scores, with only a modest gain in Affect-Regulation, and showed a trend towards better CSI-R performance (p = 0.06). No differences emerged by university type. HUMAS and CSI-R correlated moderately (r = 0.32; p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, training (β = 0.36; p = 0.001) and CSI-R (β = 0.26; p = 0.001) jointly explained 27.9% of humanization variance; male sex exerted a small negative effect (β = -0.19; p = 0.001), whereas age was nonsignificant. Conclusions: Structured communication seminars are a key factor associated with higher levels of humanization in senior nursing students, whereas sociodemographic influences are modest. Embedding longitudinal, simulation-rich modules in communication and emotional intelligence is therefore recommended to cultivate truly person-centered nurses and to narrow observed sex disparities.

A golden solution to the problem of psychoanalytic training has yet to be found. Most psychoanalytic institutes are continously critically reflecting on their psychoanalytic training structures and trying to improve them. In this article, we report on our experiences over the last 12 semesters in which we tried to supplement the well-established modules of psychoanalytic training at the Frankfurt Psychoanalytic Institute with seminars that used the Three-Level Model of Clinical Observation (3LM) to intensively discuss one candidate's training case each in five evening seminars. The 3LM was developed primarily in the Clinical Research Committee of the IPA and has since been presented in a variety of publications. This paper uses a concrete example to illustrate that the distinction between the three levels of clinical judgment has proven helpful for candidates to systematically reflect on clinical psychoanalytic processes, their possible transformations and to deal with the plurality of contemporary psychoanalytic theories. Therefore, selected feedback from candidates in one specific 3LM seminar is presented and used as a starting point for critical reflection.

Neurology and psychiatry have operated as separate disciplines for over a century, yet this division reflects historical and institutional developments rather than the underlying biology of the brain. Contemporary neuroscience shows that brain and mental health disorders share genetic susceptibilities, inflammatory and metabolic pathways, environmental and social risk factors, and clinical features that cross diagnostic boundaries. Cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor symptoms regularly appear across both neurological and psychiatric populations, and conditions such as seizures, psychosis, mood disorders, cognitive disorders, and sleep disorders are common to both. A brain health framework addresses this reality by treating the brain as a single biological organ whose function emerges from the interplay between genome and exposome - including stress, trauma, social context, existential meaning, pollution, and physical health - and which underlies perception, behaviour, cognition, emotion, resilience, and vulnerability. Translating this perspective into practice requires coordinated action across domains. Clinically, collaborative models such as joint neurology-psychiatry consultations and shared outpatient pathways can be implemented within existing resources to improve diagnostic clarity and continuity of care. In training, a more harmonised curriculum with shared foundations in neurobiology, joint seminars, and cross-rotations would equip clinicians with a common language while preserving specialist depth, and support the emerging fields of preventive neurology and preventive psychiatry. In research, organising studies around shared mechanisms and symptom dimensions, and launching joint funding calls, would enhance translational relevance and reduce duplication. To realise this vision, sustained leadership from European professional bodies is essential to establish collaboration as a shared professional standard.

Cancer diagnosis and treatment are associated with negative body image outcomes. These, in turn, are associated with poor health indicators such as anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life, underscoring the need for support for this population. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore the impact of a positive body image program (Body Image Awareness Seminars for Individuals Living with Cancer; BIAS-C) on the body image of individuals living with cancer. The program consisted of six weekly 90-minute seminar-style virtual group sessions incorporating researcher-led psychoeducation, group discussion and activities grounded in positive body image research. Using qualitative description, post-program interviews were conducted with 10 participants (diverse in age and stage and type of cancer). Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, with four themes developed: understanding the complexity of body image, mindset awakening, developing greater compassion, and responsibility to self and others. Overall, participants described significant improvements in positive body image and related characteristics (e.g., self-compassion) as well as negative body image (e.g., wanting to stop living complacently). Participants described developing a critical understanding of body image, leading to a more holistic, broader view of self. For some, a focus on appearance remained, consistent with the idea that developing positive body image is a journey requiring work. Participants described a transitionary journey away from a deficit mindset and a desire to challenge sociocultural influences on body image for themselves and others. Results support the implementation of BIAS-C into standard cancer care to continue to affect positive change.

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) face significant barriers to accessing equitable dental care, primarily due to dentists' insufficient training. The Equality in Special Care Dentistry (EQUALISED) program aims to empower dental students with better understanding in providing dental care for PWDs. This study evaluates the program's impact on dental students' knowledge and awareness toward PWDs. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-post-test design, knowledge and feedback among students at Universitas Airlangga were assessed after the program. A total of 86 fifth-year dental students participated in a 1-day program, which included interactive seminars, experiential learning with PWDs, video campaigns assignments, and reflective discussions. Pre- and post-EQUALISED was assessed using a validated 10-item true/false quiz. Program feedback was collected using a structured online questionnaire with Likert scale and an open-ended item. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The significance level was set at. 05. The EQUALISED program resulted in significant improvements in students' post-test performance. The failure rate decreased from 1.2% to 0%, while the proportion of students achieving excellent scores increased from 34.1% to 90.6%. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.001) with a strong effect size (Cram&#xe9;r V = 0.81). Students also provided positive feedback, particularly valuing the real-life experiences shared by PWDs. The EQUALISED program significantly improved students' disability knowledge and awareness, supporting inclusive care goals aligned with health equity policies. Embedding such training into dental curricula can reduce oral health disparities and foster empathetic dentists.

: Structural competency is essential for teaching health professional students about the social and structural drivers of health (SSDoH) before they enter practice. While some curricula exist, most are classroom-based, and studies suggest that students also seek opportunities to practice these skills in clinical settings with real patients. This curriculum was developed to provide these opportunities. : To address this, we developed the Structural Influence of Health Project, an innovative curriculum within the required third-year Family Medicine Clerkship on the Kansas City campus of the University of Kansas School of Medicine. The program combines didactic seminars, interprofessional home visits, and structured faculty-led debriefs, allowing students to apply structural competency in real-world clinical contexts. Medical students (n=125) completed pre- and post-surveys, and 90 students provided written responses on how to improve the training. This sample size was based on the students enrolled in the Family Medicine clerkship in the 2021-2022 academic year. : After being exposed to the curriculum, the students showed a significantly improved ability to identify social and structural contributors affecting patients' health. Students reported experiential learning opportunities, such as patient home visits, as valuable for applying SSDoH concepts in real-world settings. They appreciated the inclusivity of the curriculum but suggested that it should be more patient- and community-centered. Many have advocated for a shift from problem identification to actionable solutions, with practical approaches integrated into clinical discussions. Expanding the curriculum to include topics such as gender-affirming care, rural health disparities, and insurance challenges was recommended. Future directions may include more deliberate faculty development to allow greater skill with these difficult topics.

Medical data science education often separates theoretical instruction from practical application, resulting in fragmented learning experiences that fall short of preparing students for real-world data analysis challenges. To better familiarize students with such challenges, we have developed and evaluated an integrated 8 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) course for master's students in computer science that combines lectures, seminars, and exercises focusing on practical key challenges of health data processing. The course employs a matrix structure (15 intensive care diseases &#xd7; 4 informatics foci) based on disease-specific projects using the freely available MIMIC-IV Demo dataset. Particular emphasis was placed on teaching technical skills that are essential for processing raw data, including across different industries: groups of students developed complete (E)xtract, (T)ransform, (L)oad (ETL) pipelines in accordance with the medallion architecture (bronze-silver-gold levels) and, in parallel, conducted structured reviews in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. 87 % of enrolled students qualified for examinations. The examination pass rate was 91 %. Students particularly value authentic data challenges and transferable data processing frameworks, such as the medallion architecture. This integrated design successfully bridges theory and practice in medical data science education, providing transferable skills through real-world data and systematic methodology. The freely available dataset enables reproducibility by other institutions.

Nottingham University medical students undergo a two-week rotation in dermatology which incorporates teaching sessions, including didactic lecture presentations, tutorial seminars on skin cancers and acute dermatological conditions and patient simulations. Many studies highlight the need to improve skin of colour teaching in medical school curricula globally, as low representation can negatively affect physician knowledge throughout their career. Using a pre-post intervention study design, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust (NUH) teaching materials were adapted by adding clinical images of dermatological conditions in skin of colour to existing teaching sessions (obtained from DermNetNZ). Four new learning objectives were set relating to skin of colour in four common skin conditions in the curriculum: acne, eczema, psoriasis and skin cancer. Teaching materials were added to cover this content, and knowledge acquisition was assessed before and after the dermatology rotation using a pre/post-attachment questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis. Ninety-nine medical students completed pre- and post-dermatology attachment questionnaires. Students' confidence in recognising skin conditions in patients with skin of colour improved, with 71% reporting confidence &#x2264;5/10 pre-attachment and 74.7% reporting confidence >5/10 post-attachment. The post-attachment questionnaire showed that 97% of students identified increased risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring in acne in skin of colour, 94.9% recognised psoriatic plaques differed in darker skin tones, 100% recognised erythema can be challenging to identify in eczema of darker skin tones, and 97% identified that melanoma is diagnosed later and is associated with poorer survival in patients with skin of colour. Adaptations to the NUH dermatology teaching materials demonstrate the feasibility and educational benefits of incorporating skin of colour content into existing undergraduate dermatology teaching. Data collection is ongoing to increase sample size and assess inclusivity. Results are preliminary and may be limited by methods used to assess knowledge gain and confidence.

With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology and in-depth exploration of bladder cancer (BC) oncogenic mechanisms, targeted therapy has emerged as a pivotal treatment modality for BC patients. This study employed bibliometric methods to analyze the research status and development trends of targeted therapy in BC both domestically and internationally, aiming to identify research hotspots and provide a reference for research layout in this area. A systematic search was conducted across renowned international and domestic databases, including Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), PubMed, Wanfang Database, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search period was limited to 1994-2024, with search terms including "bladder cancer", "targeted therapy", and their related derivatives. After screening, 912 English publications and 328 Chinese publications were included. WPS Excel (v12.1.0) was used to visualize trends in annual publication volume, and CiteSpace (v6.3.R1) was employed for a visual analysis of countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, cited articles, and keywords related to the included publications. In the field of targeted therapy in BC, the annual publication volume has generally shown an upward trend over the past three decades for both English and Chinese publications, with a faster growth rate observed in English publications. For English publications, the most productive countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals were the USA, University of Texas System, Dinney CPN, and Urologic Oncology-Seminars and Original Investigations, respectively. The most cited article was "Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma" published in Nature. A cluster analysis of keywords revealed research hotspots such as "phase-ii trial", "cell line", and "EGF receptor". For Chinese publications, the most productive institutions, authors, and journals were the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Wang JS, and Chinese Journal of Urology, respectively. The most cited article was "Advances in the Treatment of High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer" published in Shandong Medical Journal. The cluster analysis of keywords identified research hotspots including "migration", "cell proliferation", and "drug resistance". Currently, Europe and America dominate the field of targeted therapy in BC. China can leverage its advantage in terms of patient population size to strengthen domestic and international collaborations, thereby enhancing its research influence in this field. Global research hotspots reveal the translational process of targeted therapy in BC from bench to bedside. Future research in this field will focus on drug management of targeted therapy for metastatic BC and overcoming drug resistance to targeted therapy.

This study aimed to assess the awareness levels of infection control and prevention among intensive care nurses at two Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey conducted from September to December 2023. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online in the selected hospitals. Using convenience sampling, 82 nurses completed a self-administered questionnaire that included data about their demographics and infection control training. Descriptive and inferential analysis were used to examine the study variables. The results indicated that 95.1% of intensive and cardiac care unit nurses had unsatisfactory awareness of hospital-acquired infections, whereas 59.8% and 58.5% were aware of hand hygiene and standard precautions, respectively. Nearly one-quarter of nurses had an unsatisfactory level of awareness regarding infection control, whereas 72.2% had satisfactory awareness. While most nurses were aware of standard precautions, they had unsatisfactory awareness of infection control and hospital-acquired infections. There was a significant difference between nurses' educational level and their workplace awareness of infection control and prevention measures. Targeted educational interventions using evidence-based quality improvement models should be implemented to ensure that nurses stay current with the latest recommendations and best practices. Regular training sessions, workshops, and seminars should also be conducted. No patient or public contribution.

To address the lack of federal screening guidelines and a limited understanding of multiple myeloma (MM) among the public and some primary care providers, we created the first community-based MM screening program and educational intervention. The academic cancer center partnered with community organizations to distribute an original brochure about MM, draw blood to check for monoclonal protein, and survey screening participants about MM knowledge and screening experiences. Any Black individual age 50 or older was eligible. To examine MM knowledge retention, study team members surveyed participants after at least one week had passed and screening results had been provided. The educational intervention also included continuing medical education (CME) about early detection of MM for healthcare professionals. Analysis utilized descriptive statistics and McNemar's test to assess differences between the initial and follow-up surveys. From 2023 to 2024 across 22 screening events, 199 participants completed the screening. Among the 158 individuals who completed both surveys, correct responses increased on all items and increased significantly on items about MM is a rare cancer of the blood (19.0%, p<0.0001) and individuals with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) have an abnormal protein in the blood (12.1%, p=0.002). Screening results identified 21 participants (11%) with MGUS. 46 healthcare providers engaged in three CME seminars. Participants retained knowledge about MM gained during the screening. Improved health literacy about cancer risk for MM may improve early detection, communication and decision making about cancer care.

Integrating palliative care into routine cancer care improves quality of life, communication, symptom control, and decision-making. Despite strong international recommendations, training in palliative and supportive care for oncology residents remains heterogeneous, and limited evidence informs how required competencies are best developed in clinical practice. To synthesise the available evidence on educational interventions aimed at developing palliative and supportive care competencies among oncology residents, in order to inform training approaches relevant to contemporary cancer care, including the development of harmonised recommendations in Europe. A rapid review was conducted following PRISMA principles. PubMed was searched (2000-2025) for studies evaluating educational interventions designed to improve palliative care competencies in postgraduate medical trainees involved in oncology care. Eligible studies were synthesised narratively. The search identified 509 unique records, of which 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were grouped into immersive (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10), involving supervised clinical practice within specialised palliative care services, and non-immersive (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10) approaches (e.g. short courses, workshops, seminars). Both types of interventions were examined in relation to internationally expected palliative care competencies for oncologists. Across studies, immersive clinical rotations-most commonly lasting 4-8&#xa0;weeks-consistently improved practice-relevant competencies, including communication skills, symptom management, attitudes, knowledge, and self-efficacy. Benefits did not clearly increase with longer rotations. Mandatory immersive experiences produced broader and more consistent gains than elective formats and were more likely to influence clinical behaviours relevant to cancer care. Non-immersive interventions led to more modest but meaningful improvements, primarily in foundational knowledge, perceived preparedness, and structured communication skills. One randomised controlled trial demonstrated significant improvements in observed shared decision-making behaviours. Short, well-structured immersive rotations (4-8&#xa0;weeks), particularly when mandatory, consistently yielded broader and more practice-relevant competency gains than elective formats. Non-immersive interventions-including workshops, online modules, and simulation-contributed meaningful improvements in foundational knowledge and structured communication skills and are best understood as complementary to, rather than substitutes for, clinical immersion. Together, these findings suggest that a tiered model combining mandatory immersive and structured non-immersive components may offer a feasible approach to strengthening PC training within oncology programmes. Findings are predominantly North American; transferability to European contexts requires further research.

Healthier diets are associated with fewer mental health symptoms, whereas higher consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with psychological distress. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of a nutrition education program, using validated measures of dietary intake (ASA24) and mental wellness (Warwick-Edinburgh Scale) before and after the intervention. A longitudinal interventional study was conducted in university students for 3 months, with seminars, healthy snack breaks, a book and cooking techniques class. At baseline, students reported consuming fruit and calcium below the recommendations, while ultra-processed food, saturated fat, and sodium intake were over the limits. Initially, mental wellness was inversely related to sodium. Following the intervention, fruit and calcium intakes increased, whereas sodium and ultra-processed food consumption decreased significantly (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Mental well-being showed positive trends, meanwhile its association with sodium consumption weakened over time (Initial: Pearson&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.73, r2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.54, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001 vs. Final: Pearson&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.24, r2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.05, p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05), suggesting a potential attenuation of unhealthy diet and mental wellness associations following the intervention. The program produced targeted improvements in diet quality, but multi-level strategies are likely required to achieve overall dietary adequacy. Mental well-being improved directionally without significant change, supporting nutrition education as a contributory component of well-being rather than a stand-alone solution.

In many countries, a high or increasing rate of sickness absence is challenging the sustainability of present sickness absence benefit schemes. Most sickness absence is certified on the grounds of common mental disorders or musculoskeletal disorders, and substantial effort has been invested in developing interventions promoting return to work for these patients. In Norway, the Health in Work ((HelseIArbeid), HIA) clinics were established as outpatients' services within the specialised healthcare system, with the aim of improving health and supporting return to work. The HIA service admits patients with low-to-moderate anxiety/depression and/or musculoskeletal disorders. In this protocol, we describe the naturalistic multicentre randomised controlled trial Norwegian Sickness Absence Clinic Efficacy study, which aims to determine the effect of HIA on work participation and health. The HIA outpatient service is staffed by clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, medical specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation and employment support supervisors from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration. Patients admitted to HIA have access to multidisciplinary assessment and treatment. The trial recruits' patients from five HIA outpatient clinics in Northern Norway. Patients are randomised in equal proportions to either (1) rapid HIA (assessment within 4 weeks), (2) delayed HIA (assessment within 10-14 weeks) or (3) active control, which consists of a monodisciplinary examination at HIA close to diagnosis-specific deadline for examination as suggested by guidelines (8-26 weeks). The trial commenced recruitment on 16 January 2023 and will recruit 2500 patients. The aim is to assess the effect of the HIA service, with the hypothesis that the HIA concept is superior to what resembles treatment as usual, in improving employment and preventing long-term welfare dependency. Secondary outcomes include self-reported symptoms of health problems. We also examine the effect the service has on other healthcare utilisation. To date, no research has been conducted to assess the efficacy of the HIA service. If proven efficacious, and if there is an economic case for this investment in tailored healthcare delivery, the policy implication may be implementation of the service at scale. If not, adaptations or investments into other viable paths of treatment may be considered. The study is approved by the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics (REC North, #122770). Results from the study will be disseminated at national and international scientific conferences, to funders and participating outpatient clinics in seminars and in peer-reviewed scientific journals. NCT05310695.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a transformative force in healthcare, with the potential to improve patient outcomes, enhance health system efficiency, and support data-driven decision-making. This study provides an overview of the current landscape, exploring how Member States are prioritizing AI in response to health system needs, engaging key stakeholders, and addressing critical enablers such as workforce upskilling and preparedness. This study is based on a cross-sectional survey developed and administered by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, which was launched in June 2024 and remained open until March 2025. All responses were consolidated into a standardized database, reviewed for internal consistency, and analyzed using an exploratory, descriptive approach. Results are presented as percentages and absolute values, disaggregated at the regional, subregional, and EU27 levels. The survey response rate was 94%, with 50 out of 53 Member States participating. The top opportunities rated by Member States for the use of AI in health were improving patient care and health outcomes (96%; 48/50), reducing pressure on the healthcare workforce (92%; 46/50), and enhancing health system efficiency (90%; 45/50). The most commonly reported applications of AI included AI-assisted diagnostics (64%; 32/50), conversational platforms or chatbots (50%; 25/50). The highest rated barriers rated to widespread adoption were legal uncertainty (48%; 24/50) and financial affordability (46%; 23/50). In terms of collaboration and engagement, 72% of Member States (36/50) reported stakeholder involvement, primarily through focus groups (46%; 23/50) and informal meetings, seminars, or workshops (44%; 22/50). Of the 36 Member States reporting at least one form of engagement, the stakeholders most frequently engaged were government actors (81%; 29/36), healthcare providers (75%; 27/36), and AI developers (75%; 27/36), whereas patient associations (42%; 15/36) and the general public (22%; 8/36) were less commonly involved. Finally, with regard to health workforce education and AI literacy, the study highlights a significant gap in preparedness, where only 24% of Member States (12/50) reported offering in-service AI training for the health workforce, and 20% (10/50) offered pre-service training. The integration of AI in healthcare across the WHO European Region is advancing rapidly, demonstrating potential to enhance patient outcomes and alleviating workforce pressures. However, its widespread and equitable adoption remains limited by challenges related to affordability, regulatory and legal ambiguities, insufficient patient engagement, and the need for strategic investment in workforce training and upskilling.