搜索结果：Science progress

Polyolefins have shaped modern society, but their future requires a fundamental shift in how they are designed, produced, used, and reused/recycled. This perspective, written as a two-voice contribution from academia and industry, examines how decades of scientific understanding enabled the rapid expansion of polyolefin applications. The proposed view is a system-level framework for polyolefin science, integrating catalysts, polymerization, formulation, processing, and end-of-life strategies. These elements are treated as strongly interconnected across the material life cycle, rather than as isolated domains. Today, sustainability challenges demand rethinking the traditional course of innovation by explicitly incorporating end-of-life considerations such as recyclability, reuse, and material recovery into early stages of application design. We argue that future progress still demands academic-industrial cooperation and hinges on coupling molecular, mesoscopic, and process scales, integrating digital and machine-learning tools with physical modeling and redesigning additives, composites, and recycling strategies with a circular mindset. Equally essential is the societal dimension: improved waste management, efficient collection systems, and improved educational paradigms for the next generation of scientists. By bridging fundamental insight into industrial practice, polyolefin science can evolve toward predictive, data-driven, and truly sustainable material design.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is an important serological marker for autoimmune diseases, particularly ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). AAV frequently presents with refractory rhinosinusitis as an initial manifestation, yet ANCA testing in patients with rhinosinusitis continues to face challenges, including inconsistent subtype classification, variable detection performance, and difficulties in early identification, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. This narrative review focuses on the diagnostic value of ANCA in AAV-related rhinosinusitis, encompassing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). We summarize the research progress on ANCA detection and its association with clinical, imaging, and pathological features, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for early clinical diagnosis, individualized intervention, and improved patient prognosis.

Aging-related neurological disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and various neuroinflammatory conditions, affect over three billion individuals worldwide and constitute leading causes of morbidity, disability, and socioeconomic burdens. Aging contributes not only to the increased incidence of these disorders but also to their progression through interconnected mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, metabolic imbalance, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. These processes collectively impair neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive and motor functions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its characteristic multi-component and multi-target therapeutic strategies, has emerged as a promising approach to counteract age-associated neurological decline. Accumulating preclinical studies suggest that TCM interventions may exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, modulate autophagy, restore metabolic homeostasis, and potentially delay cellular senescence. However, high-quality clinical evidence on safety and efficacy remains limited. This review summarizes current insights into the molecular interplay between aging and neurological disorders and highlights the therapeutic potential of TCM in targeting hallmarks of aging, providing perspectives for integrative prevention and treatment strategies for neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases.

Medical education is fundamental to developing clinical competence, directly influencing care quality and patient safety. Traditional teaching models have long faced structural limitations, including scarce physical resources and restricted clinical exposure, which hinder the training of versatile professionals needed in modern health care. Virtual simulation (VS), by providing a high-fidelity, repeatable, and low-risk learning environment, offers a promising solution to these challenges. This narrative article reviews recent applications of VS in basic medicine, clinical medicine, and nursing education. Although existing evidence supports its educational benefits, most studies rely on short-term, small-sample designs and lack evaluation of long-term clinical transfer or cost-effectiveness. Persistent issues include high device heterogeneity and insufficient integration of nontechnical skills training. Future efforts should prioritize multicenter longitudinal research, platform standardization, and the incorporation of artificial intelligence to enable personalized adaptive learning-moving VS toward a core component of medical education.

Histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) are a class of enzymes capable of catalyzing the methylation modification of lysine residues on histones. Members of the lysine methyltransferase family, such as EZH2, G9a, DOT1L, NSD2, NSD3, and ASH1L, show overexpression, abnormal activation, or mutations in various diseases. HKMT inhibitors are under intense development, but most have drawbacks such as poor efficacy. Targeted protein degraders (TPDs) offer the benefit of controlling both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of the target protein, serving as a method to offset the limitations of inhibitors. This manuscript presents 31 degraders targeting six lysine methyltransferases, offering insights into their development potential and serving as a valuable reference for pharmacologists and researchers.

Due to their complex anatomy, high heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, gastrointestinal cancers severely restrict the effective delivery and function of oncolytic viruses (OVs). This review summarises current multidimensional strategies to improve OV delivery efficiency. First, genetic engineering with deletion of viral genes and insertion of therapeutic genes, markedly enhance viral targeting, safety, and therapeutic capacity. Second, combination therapies with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy can execute microenvironmental preconditioning and either concurrent or sequential administration to improve viral distribution inside tumours, increase local accumulation and enhance immune activation. In addition, modulation of the tumour immune microenvironment helps enhance viral replication and spread in 'cold' tumours, thereby inducing systemic antitumour responses. Finally, carrier-mediated delivery using stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and viral envelope reconstitution provides innovative approaches to overcome systemic delivery barriers. Despite persisting challenges such as rapid clearance, physical barriers, and viral inactivation, the strategies discussed in this review demonstrate significant advances in delivery mechanisms, immune synergy, and targeted accumulation, providing a solid foundation and new directions for the clinical translation of OVs in gastrointestinal tumours.

Community coalition approaches such as Communities That Care (CTC) are regarded as key strategies for translating prevention science into community-level improvements in youth outcomes. It was shown that CTC improves three system transformation outcomes. The present study aimed to conceptually replicate these findings in the German context under the highly unusual real-world implementation constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A non-randomized community trial was carried out (2020-2023) in 22 a priori matched community-pairs from four German states. In an open cohort design, community key informants were surveyed at two time points. A total of 318 key informants from 18 ICs (n = 180) and 11 CCs (n = 138) were included in the open-cohort analyses. Outcomes included (1) adoption of a science-based approach to prevention (primary outcome), (2) sectorial collaboration (SC) for prevention, and (3) prevention collaboration (PC). Three-level mixed models were used to analyse changes over time. In addition to replicating the original binary comparison of intervention communities (ICs) and comparison communities (CCs), analyses were extended to account for heterogeneity in implementation progress across ICs resulting from pandemic-related implementation disruptions. At baseline, ICs showed significantly higher levels of SC than CCs (γ = 0.383, SE = 0.124, p = .003), whereas no significant baseline differences were observed for Adoption or SC. Compared with CCs, ICs showed a non-significant increase in the primary outcome (b = 0.272, SE = 2.306, p = .906) and PC (γ = 0.78, SE = 0.121, p = .523), whereas SC showed a non-significant decrease over time in ICs relative to CCs (γ = - 0.193, SE = 0.118, p = .107). Implementation progress was not significantly associated with changes in the primary outcome (b = 0.401, SE = 0.929, p = .666), SC (γ = 0.082, SE = 0.100, p = .415), or PC (γ = 0.018, SE = 0.094, p = .847). Sensitivity analyses based on panel data and non-imputed datasets yielded largely comparable findings. No significant effects on system transformation were observed. However, given the limited implementation progress under COVID-19 conditions, longer follow-up may be needed to assess whether CTC can achieve system-level change in Germany.  TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered with German Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00022819 on Aug 18, 2021.

Measurement-based care (MBC) is an evidence-based practice in which patient-reported process and outcome data are routinely and systematically collected to track treatment progress. MBC uses such data to identify when patients are not progressing as expected. In this way, MBC supports clinicians in refining mental health treatment as needed. When implemented consistently, MBC improves patient outcomes. However, the uptake of MBC in military and Veteran mental health care systems has been less than optimal. The authors present their point of view that the challenges in successfully implementing MBC can be traced to two key issues, under-specification of MBC and limitations in implementation science, and they propose several solutions to address these issues in future research on MBC. When mental health clinicians frequently ask for their patient’s perspective and consider this perspective in developing and modifying treatment plans, patient outcomes are improved. The authors discuss the reasons why this approach is not yet widely used and suggest ways to encourage greater use of this approach among patients and clinicians. Les soins fondés sur des mesures (SFM) désignent une pratique fondée sur des données probantes dans le cadre de laquelle les données sur les processus et les résultats déclarés par les patients sont recueillis régulièrement et systématiquement afin de suivre l’évolution du traitement. Ils font appel à ces données pour déterminer les situations dans lesquelles les patient.e.s n’évoluent pas comme prévu. Ainsi, les SFM aident les clinicien.ne.s à peaufiner les traitements en santé mentale, lorsque la situation l’indique. Lorsqu’ils sont mis en oeuvre systématiquement, les SFM améliorent les résultats cliniques. Cependant, leur mise en pratique au sein des systèmes de santé mentale des militaires et des vétéran.e.s s’est révélée moins qu’optimale. Les auteurs exposent qu’à leur avis, les difficultés liées à une mise en oeuvre fructueuse des SFM peuvent être attribuables à deux problèmes clés, soit la sous-spécification des SFM et les limites à la science de la mise en oeuvre, et ils proposent plusieurs solutions pour corriger ces problèmes dans de prochaines recherches sur les SFM.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming food-nutrition-health research by enabling pattern recognition in complex, high-dimensional datasets that traditional hypothesis-driven approaches cannot address. This review systematically synthesizes research progress of AI across the food-nutrition-health continuum from 2020 to 2025. By examining 181 systematic reviews through PRISMA-guided selection, we provide a comprehensive overview and prospects across four dimensions: technical foundation, application scenarios, existing challenges, and future prospects. We propose a tripartite framework comprising (1) a data layer enabling multisource fusion of food composition, health monitoring, and individual characteristic data; (2) a technological layer of nondestructive testing (spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], imaging); and (3) an algorithmic layer progressing from machine learning to deep learning architecture. Key applications include food component analysis and safety detection; nutrition-disease association modeling; pathogen identification; and personalized dietary intervention systems. Despite rapid progress, critical challenges persist, insufficient model generalization across populations, algorithmic opacity limiting clinical trust, data privacy vulnerabilities, and lack of standardized multi-omics integration protocols. Future directions emphasize multimodal fusion models, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), federated learning for privacy-preserving collaboration, gene-guided precision nutrition, and development of intelligent wearable devices and functional food. This review provides a roadmap for transitioning from population-averaged guidelines to dynamic, individualized health optimization through AI-enabled food system.

Objective To compare research hotspots and development trends regarding freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease between Chinese and English articles,thus providing reference for related studies in China. Methods The articles about freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease that were published from 2001 to 2025 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,VIP,and Web of Science Core Collection.Visual analyses were conducted on the distribution of countries,authors,institutions,and keywords. Results A total of 177 Chinese articles and 1 095 English articles were included.The global annual number of published articles showed an overall upward trend with fluctuations.The articles in Chinese maintained steady growth while those in English slightly declined over the past three years.The United States led in the number of published articles,followed by China and Italy.The authors and institutions of Chinese articles exhibited greater independence than those of English articles.Current research hotspots on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease focus on pathogenesis,assessment methods,and treatment strategies.Chinese articles emphasize clinical interventions,while English articles prioritize mechanism exploration and emerging physical therapies. Conclusions The research on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease remains active,though differences exist in research focus between Chinese and English articles.Compared with Chinese articles,English articles reported early on freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.In the future,China should deepen international exchanges and cooperation to actively draw on advanced findings and experience and work jointly to achieve breakthrough progress in both research and clinical practice,ultimately improving patients' quality of life. 目的 比较分析中英文文献关于帕金森病冻结步态的研究热点和发展趋势,为我国帕金森病冻结步态的研究提供参考。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普中文科技期刊数据库和Web of Science Core Collection 2001至2025年帕金森病冻结步态的相关文献,对国家、作者、机构、关键词等内容进行可视化分析。结果 共纳入177篇中文文献和1 095篇英文文献。全球发文量整体呈波动上升趋势,中文文献发文量持续稳定增长,而近3年英文文献发文量略有下降。美国发文量居首位,其次是中国、意大利。中文文献的作者和机构较英文文献相对独立。当前,帕金森病冻结步态的研究热点集中在发病机制、评估方法和治疗策略,中文文献研究重点关注临床干预,英文文献则侧重机制探讨和新兴物理疗法。结论 关于帕金森病冻结步态的研究呈活跃态势,但中英文文献在研究侧重点方面存在差异。与中文文献相比,英文文献报道帕金森病冻结步态相关研究较早。未来我国应进一步深化国际交流与合作,积极借鉴先进研究成果与经验,共同推动该领域科研与实践的突破性进展,提升患者的生活质量。.

This article emphasizes the need to consider diverse identities and experiences when shaping health policies, research, and services for older Veterans in Canada. As the Veteran population ages, health needs become increasingly complex, influenced by military service and personal factors such as age, gender, culture, and social background. Veterans include individuals across a wide age range, many facing service-related health challenges. National reports highlight the importance of trauma-informed and culturally sensitive care, particularly for historically under-served groups such as women, Indigenous Peoples, racialized communities, and 2SLGBTQIA+ Veterans. Intersectionality helps explain how overlapping identities - like race, gender, income, and disability - affect access to care and health outcomes. Applying this lens ensures services are inclusive and responsive to all Veterans. Recent Veterans Affairs Canada assessments show progress in incorporating diverse perspectives but note persistent gaps in reaching marginalized groups. This article calls for inclusive research, informed policies, and provider training to guarantee equitable care. Recognizing the full range of Veteran identities is essential to building a health system that supports well-being throughout their lives. As Canada’s Veteran population gets older, its health needs are becoming more complex. These needs are shaped not only by military service but also by personal factors like age, gender, culture, and social background. Veterans are a diverse group, and some such as women, Indigenous Peoples, racialized communities, and 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals have historically faced barriers to care. Reports show that health services must be trauma-informed and culturally sensitive to meet these varied needs. One useful approach is intersectionality, which looks at how different parts of a person’s identity such as race, income, gender, and disability combine to affect health and access to care. Using this lens can help create services that are fair and inclusive for all Veterans. While Veterans Affairs Canada has made progress by including diverse perspectives in health planning, challenges remain in reaching marginalized groups. This article calls for more inclusive research, better-informed policies, and training for health care providers. By recognizing the full range of experiences among Veterans, Canada can build a health care system that supports their well-being as they age. Cet article fait ressortir la nécessité de tenir compte d’identités et d’expériences diversifiées pour façonner les politiques, la recherche et les services en matière de santé aux vétéran·e·s âgé·e·s du Canada. À mesure que la population de vétéran·e·s vieillit, les besoins de santé deviennent de plus en plus complexes, influencés par le service militaire et des facteurs personnels comme l’âge, le genre, la culture et le contexte social. Les vétéran·e·s incluent des personnes de tous les âges, dont bon nombre sont aux prises avec des problèmes de santé liés à leur service militaire. Les rapports nationaux font ressortir l’importance de soins tenant compte des traumatismes et reposant sur la sécurisation culturelle, particulièrement auprès des groupes qui ont toujours été mal desservis, comme les vétéran·e·s de sexe féminin, autochtones, racisé·e·s ou LGBTQIA2+. L’intersectionnalité contribue à expliquer les effets des identités multiples, telles que la race, le genre, le revenu et les handicaps, sur l’accès aux soins et les résultats en matière de santé. Cette perception permet d’offrir des services inclusifs, qui répondent aux besoins de l’ensemble des vétéran·e·s. Les récentes évaluations d’Anciens combattants Canada démontrent une évolution de l’intégration des diverses perspectives, mais également des lacunes persistantes pour l’atteinte des groupes marginalisés. Cet article réclame des recherches inclusives, des politiques éclairées et la formation des prestataires pour garantir des soins équitables. Il est essentiel de reconnaître le plein éventail des identités des vétéran·e·s pour construire un système de santé qui appuie le bien-être tout au long de leur vie. À mesure que la population de vétéran·e·s du Canada vieillit, ses besoins de santé deviennent plus complexes. Ces besoins sont façonnés non seulement par le service militaire, mais également par des facteurs personnels comme l’âge, le genre, la culture et le contexte social. Les vétéran·e·s forment un groupe diversifié, et certain·e·s, comme les femmes, les personnes autochtones, les communautés racisées et les personnes LGBTQIA2+, ont toujours affronté des obstacles aux soins. Les rapports démontrent que les services de santé doivent tenir compte des traumatismes et reposer sur la sécurisation culturelle pour répondre à ces besoins variés. L’intersectionnalité est une approche utile, qui examine les effets de la combinaison de divers aspects de l’identité individuelle, comme la race, le revenu, le genre et le handicap, sur la santé et l’accès aux soins. Cette perspective peut contribuer à la création de services justes et inclusifs pour l’ensemble des vétéran·e·s. Anciens combattants Canada a réalisé des progrès grâce à l’inclusion de points de vue diversifiés dans la planification de la santé, mais il reste difficile d’atteindre les groupes marginalisés. Cet article réclame des recherches plus inclusives, des politiques plus éclairées et une formation pour les prestataires de soins. S’il prend conscience du plein éventail d’expériences chez les vétéran·e·s, le Canada peut bâtir un système de santé qui appuie leur bien-être tout au long de leur vieillissement.

Groundwater plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining ecosystem stability and supporting production and daily life. Its extensive and long-term development and utilization have attracted increasing academic attention to groundwater research. In this study, we employed bibliometric analysis of 3514 graduate dissertations published between 1988 and 2024, extracted from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), examining their quantitative output, institutional affiliations, research fields, and keywords to explore groundwater research trends. The analysis indicates a growing focus on groundwater research, with 1066 (30%) graduate dissertations published in the past 5 years. North China, East China, and Northwest China were identified as the primary regions hosting groundwater research institutions. As a typical interdisciplinary field, "Earth Sciences," "Industrial Technology," and "Environmental Science" emerged as active intersecting disciplines. Moreover, keywords such as "numerical simulation," "hydrochemical characteristics," and "isotopes" were identified as high-frequency terms. Despite some progress, groundwater research continues to face challenges in several areas, including but not limited to the characterization of complex media, the integration of multi-source data, and the understanding of hydrogeochemical mechanisms. Based on keyword co-occurrence network and burst analysis, we predict future primary research directions. The integration of traditional disciplines such as hydrology, biology, and geochemistry is becoming increasingly prominent, while convergence with emerging fields like machine learning, big data, and artificial intelligence represents a frontier trend. The combined application of multiple technologies is becoming the optimal choice for addressing complex groundwater issues. In summary, this study provides a new perspective and offers broader insights for the research and development in the field of groundwater.

Renewable electricity-driven small-molecule electrocatalytic conversion plays a pivotal role in sustainable energy utilization and value-added chemical production. The performance of these processes is governed by the adsorption and transformation of key reaction intermediates, rendering catalytic performance closely dependent on electronic structure regulation. Atomically thin platinum-group metallenes (PGM-enes), characterized by maximized surface-atom utilization and tunable electronic properties, provide an ideal platform for modulating intermediate binding and reaction pathway. Despite the rapid progress of research in this area, a systematic understanding of the intrinsic relationships among the structural characteristics of PGM-enes, intermediate adsorption behavior, and reaction pathways remains limited. In particular, a unified framework for categorizing diverse synthetic methods and structural modulation strategies from a mechanistic perspective has not yet been clearly established. To address this need, this review first examines the formation mechanisms of PGM-enes and classifies representative synthetic approaches into three fundamental based on stabilization strategies: structural inheritance, spatial confinement, and surface regulation. Building upon this foundation, structural modulation strategies are further organized into three representative pathways based on catalyst-intermediate interactions. Small-molecule electrocatalytic processes in cathodic, anodic, and coupled electrolysis are subsequently examined from a mechanistic perspective, with emphasis on the structure-electronic response characteristics of different PGM-enes and the applicability of distinct modulation strategies across reaction environments. Finally, by integrating current progress with remaining challenges, this review establishes a coherent framework for understanding structure-reactivity relationships in PGM-enes, thereby informing the rational design of future small-molecule electrocatalytic reactions.

Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pose an urgent global health challenge. Growing evidence establishes microglia-driven neuroinflammation as a key driver of disease onset and progression, with mitochondrial dysfunction emerging as an early trigger of microglial activation. This review comprehensively summarizes current progress on how mitochondrial alterations regulate microglial activation across AD, PD, and ALS. We identify conserved mechanisms including metabolic reprogramming, impaired mitophagy, and inflammatory signaling, though Aβ, α-synuclein, and TDP-43 engage these pathways through disease-specific molecular routes. Therapeutic strategies targeting microglial mitochondria, including cGAS-STING and NLRP3 inhibitors, TREM2 agonists, and mitochondrial transplantation, remain largely preclinical. Emerging targets such as OLFML3 and GPNMB require functional validation in microglia. Collectively, this review underscores that preserving microglial mitochondrial health represents a promising therapeutic frontier and identifies key priorities for translating these strategies toward clinical application.

Energy poverty remains a critical barrier to sustainable development, particularly in emerging and developing economies. Whereas solar technologies enjoy a positive public perception compared to fossil fuel infrastructure, the phenomenon of 'green first' or support for renewable energy can mislead government officials or policymakers into believing that social acceptance is not a key issue when deploying innovative renewable energy projects. In spite of technological advances that have progressed in the field of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), critical ethical and environmental problems surrounding their application remain unresolved. Although, significant progress with PSCs, attention has focused on performance and scalability; few studies have integrated PSC toxicity, recycling, and environmental impacts within the energy justice framework applied to sub-Saharan Africa, Indo-Pacific regions, Latin America and other parts of the world. This review synthesizes evidence-based PSC environmental risks, recycling feasibility, and circular economy models, and links to potential impacts on equitable energy access in the context of environmental vulnerability and eco-safe resource constraints. The key findings show that while PSCs can dramatically reduce the cost of decentralised solar energy and enhance energy access, they can also support successful transitions that achieve the procedural, recognition, and equitable distribution and inclusivity necessary for energy justice globally.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 13-24) remain an underserved and disproportionately affected population within the United States (U.S.). HIV epidemic. Despite overall national declines in HIV incidence, youth continue to account for approximately one in five new infections, with persistent disparities among Black and Latino youth, other structurally vulnerable youth, and those living in the Southern U.S. These inequities reflect structural barriers and developmental mismatches between youth needs and adult-oriented HIV prevention and care systems. This commentary examines the evolving landscape of HIV among AYAs, highlighting persistent gaps in testing, linkage, retention, and viral suppression. Drawing on national surveillance data and a case example from Orange County, Florida, we illustrate how developmental vulnerability, stigma, and fragmented systems undermine engagement across the HIV care continuum. We highlight emerging opportunities, including long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy and PrEP, digital health tools, and youth-focused case management, and emphasize the role of implementation science frameworks in adapting and sustaining these innovations. We argue that meaningful progress will require embedding youth voices in program design, addressing structural determinants of health through legal aid, and committing to sustained investment in youth-centered strategies. Reimagining the HIV response with adolescents and young adults at the center is essential to achieving progress toward national and global HIV targets.

Robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy is increasingly recognized as an important minimally invasive option for lesions of the pancreatic body and tail. Given the technical complexity inherent to distal pancreatectomy, including deep operative planes, vascular dissection, splenic vessel management, and the persistent risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula, robotic systems may offer specific advantages in selected settings. However, although the number of relevant publications has continued to rise, the overall research landscape and thematic development of this field remain insufficiently and unsystematically characterized. The present study was designed to assess the global research status, knowledge structure, and evolving hotspots in the field of robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy through bibliometric and visualization analysis. A total of 254 eligible publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2025, including 210 articles and 44 reviews, were analyzed using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Scimago Graphica. The yearly publication output demonstrated a general increasing pattern, with more marked growth from the mid-2010s onward and the highest output recorded in 2025. Italy together with the United States remained the principal contributors across much of the study period, while China showed sustained growth in recent years. The United States ranked first in citation impact. Several institutions, including the University of Amsterdam, University of Verona, and University of Pisa, emerged as major contributors. Among the leading publication venues were Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, Annals of Surgical Oncology, and Journal of Robotic Surgery. Citation and co-citation analyses showed that the intellectual structure of the field has been shaped mainly by studies focusing on surgical technique, perioperative outcomes, and comparisons with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Keyword analysis indicated that spleen preservation, pancreatic fistula, laparoscopic comparison, learning curve, clinical outcomes, and multicenter evaluation are among the main research themes, with recent attention increasingly directed toward preservation strategies, outcome assessment, and more refined clinical application. In conclusion, research on robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy has expanded steadily and is moving from early feasibility-focused exploration toward a more specialized and clinically oriented stage. Future progress in this field will likely depend on stronger multicenter collaboration, more indication-specific evaluation, and more standardized evidence generation.

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face persistent health financing challenges, including heavy out-of-pocket payments, fragmented risk pools, and constrained fiscal space that undermine financial protection and equitable access to care. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on health financing strategies in LMICs, examining how revenue generation, risk pooling, and strategic purchasing can advance Universal Health Coverage (UHC). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications from January 2016 to February 2026, supplemented by policy documents from international health organizations. Of 120 records identified, 58 full texts were assessed and 24 sources were included, comprising systematic reviews, country case studies, and policy analyses across sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. A formal risk-of-bias appraisal was not applied; instead, sources underwent a structured credibility assessment. Tax-based financing and subsidized insurance models appear more consistently associated with coverage expansion and financial protection when supported by adequate public funding, mandatory inclusion, and large risk pools. Social health insurance contributes to equity only where enrollment is mandatory and premiums for the poor and informal workers are subsidized. Community-based insurance plays a complementary rather than cornerstone role, while donor funding and innovative mechanisms offer supplementary support but raise concerns about sustainability and scale. Across settings, fragmented, voluntary, and out-of-pocket-dominated arrangements are repeatedly linked to weaker financial protection. No single financing model is sufficient for UHC. The evidence suggests that integrated, tax-anchored systems with consolidated risk pools, strategic purchasing, and strengthened governance represent the most plausible pathway for LMICs, though financing reform alone cannot guarantee progress, since service readiness, workforce capacity, and governance determine whether financial coverage becomes effective coverage.

As the dominant dosage form in clinical practice of TCM, solid preparations face core challenges concerning quality stability and consistent therapeutic efficacy. Clinical observations have revealed efficacy variations among different preparation forms of the same TCM or even among products of the same preparation from different manufacturers. Such variations are attributed not only to the complexity of the production process but also to the physicochemical states of the drug substances, among which crystal forms likely serve as a critical factor influencing the drug state and subsequent efficacy divergence. TCM crystal forms, as a fundamental microscopic attribute of active ingredients in TCM, directly determine physicochemical properties and biological activities of drugs, representing a root cause of quality fluctuation and efficacy variation. Currently, significant progress has been made in the study of TCM crystal forms based on TCM active ingredients and compound preparations. A comprehensive technical framework encompassing preparation, characterization, and property analysis has been established. Its core value lies in revealing the scientific essence of "identical composition but heterogeneous activity", and it is expected to provide quantitative and precise technical support for quality control across the entire TCM industry chain. However, research on the crystal forms of TCM solid preparations remains a major challenge. Whether it concerns the discovery, characterization, and identification of preferred crystal forms in Chinese patent medicines, or the quality control of crystal forms of Chinese patent medicines and their impact on clinical efficacy, these areas remain largely unexplored territory awaiting further investigation. This article proposed the crystal form issues in TCM solid preparations. It comprehensively reviewed the research landscape of TCM crystal forms, spanning from single components to compound preparations, systematically elucidated the associated technical systems and category characteristics of TCM crystal forms, and innovatively proposed a crystal form-based strategy for quality control. This perspective provides a novel research framework for enhancing the quality control of TCM solid preparations and discovering new formula-derived nanoparticle drugs, holding significant importance for enhancing the standardization of TCM solid preparations, ensuring clinical efficacy, and advancing the development of TCM nanoscience.