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The ILC Technology Network (ITN) was established in 2022 by the ILC International Development Team, a subcommittee of the International Committee for Future Accelerators, to advance engineering studies toward the realisation of the International Linear Collider (ILC). While the ITN work packages focus on engineering activities for the ILC, their topics are also relevant to a broad range of accelerator applications in particle physics and beyond. These work packages are being carried out now by laboratories in Asia and Europe in close collaboration. This report summarises the current status of the ITN activities.

The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) paradigm, and its reference architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance, is paving the way toward open, interoperable, observable and truly intelligent cellular networks. Crucial to this evolution is Machine Learning (ML), which will play a pivotal role by providing the necessary tools to realize the vision of self-organizing O-RAN systems. However, to be actionable, ML algorithms need to demonstrate high reliability, effectiveness in delivering high performance, and the ability to adapt to varying network conditions, traffic demands and performance requirements. To address these challenges, in this paper we propose a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent design for O-RAN applications that can learn control policies under varying Service Level Agreement (SLAs) with heterogeneous minimum performance requirements. We focus on the case of RAN slicing and SLAs specifying maximum tolerable end-to-end latency levels. We use the OpenRAN Gym open-source environment to train a DRL agent that can adapt to varying SLAs and compare it against the state-of-the-art. We show that our agent maintains a low SLA violation rate that is 8.3x and 14.4x l

The answers on the current status and future development of Quantum Science and Technology are presented.

As belief around the potential of computational social science grows, fuelled by recent advances in machine learning, data scientists are ostensibly becoming the new experts in education. Scholars engaged in critical studies of education and technology have sought to interrogate the growing datafication of education yet tend not to use computational methods as part of this response. In this paper, we discuss the feasibility and desirability of the use of computational approaches as part of a critical research agenda. Presenting and reflecting upon two examples of projects that use computational methods in education to explore questions of equity and justice, we suggest that such approaches might help expand the capacity of critical researchers to highlight existing inequalities, make visible possible approaches for beginning to address such inequalities, and engage marginalised communities in designing and ultimately deploying these possibilities. Drawing upon work within the fields of Critical Data Studies and Science and Technology Studies, we further reflect on the two cases to discuss the possibilities and challenges of reimagining computational methods for critical research in

Serverless query processing has become increasingly popular due to its auto-scaling, high elasticity, and pay-as-you-go pricing. It allows cloud data warehouse (or lakehouse) users to focus on data analysis without the burden of managing systems and resources. Accordingly, in serverless query services, users become more concerned about cost-efficiency under acceptable performance than performance under fixed resources. This poses new challenges for serverless query engine design in providing flexible performance service-level agreements (SLAs) and cost-efficiency (i.e., prices). In this paper, we first define the problem of flexible performance SLAs and prices in serverless query processing and discuss its significance. Then, we envision the challenges and solutions for solving this problem and the opportunities it raises for other database research. Finally, we present PixelsDB, an open-source prototype with three service levels supported by dedicated architectural designs. Evaluations show that PixelsDB reduces resource costs by 65.5\% for near-real-world workloads generated by Cloud Analytics Benchmark (CAB) while not violating the pending time guarantees.

The evolution toward 6G networks increasingly relies on network slicing to provide tailored, End-to-End (E2E) logical networks over shared physical infrastructures. A critical challenge is effectively decomposing E2E Service Level Agreements (SLAs) into domain-specific SLAs, which current solutions handle through computationally intensive, iterative optimization processes that incur substantial latency and complexity. To address this, we introduce Casformer, a cascaded Transformer architecture designed for fast, optimization-free SLA decomposition. Casformer leverages historical domain feedback encoded through domain-specific Transformer encoders in its first layer, and integrates cross-domain dependencies using a Transformer-based aggregator in its second layer. The model is trained under a learning paradigm inspired by Domain-Informed Neural Networks (DINNs), incorporating risk-informed modeling and amortized optimization to learn a stable, forward-only SLA decomposition policy. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that Casformer achieves improved SLA decomposition quality against state-of-the-art optimization-based frameworks, while exhibiting enhanced scalability and robustness un

Next-generation networks increasingly rely on network slices - logical networks tailored to specific application requirements, each with distinct Service-Level Agreements (SLAs). Ensuring compliance with these SLAs requires continuous, real-time monitoring of end-to-end performance metrics for each slice, within a limited telemetry budget. However, we find that existing solutions face two fundamental limitations: they either lack end-to-end visibility (e.g., sketches, probabilistic sampling) or provide visibility but lack the control mechanisms to dynamically allocate monitoring resources according to slice SLAs. We address this through a formal framework that reframes slice monitoring as a closed-loop control problem, and defines the minimal data plane requirements for SLA-aware slice monitoring via a telemetry primitive contract. We then present SliceScope, a realization of this framework that combines: (1) a control strategy that dynamically allocates the monitoring resources across diverse slices according to their SLA criticality, and (2) a data-plane based on change-triggered INT that provides per-packet end-to-end visibility with tunable accuracy-overhead trade-offs, satisfy

Our society has been increasingly witnessing a number of negative, unintended consequences of digital technologies. While post-hoc policy regulation is crucial in addressing these issues, reasonably anticipating the consequences before deploying technology can help mitigate potential harm to society in the first place. Yet, the quest to anticipate potential harms can be difficult without seeing digital technologies deployed in the real world. In this position paper, we argue that anticipating unintended consequences of technology can be facilitated through creativity-enhancing interventions, such as by building on existing knowledge and insights from diverse stakeholders. Using lessons learned from prior work on creativity-support tools, the HCI community is uniquely equipped to design novel systems that aid in anticipating negative unintended consequences of technology on society.

Technological innovation is an important aspect of teaching and learning in the 21st century. This article examines faculty attitudes toward technology use in the classroom at one regional public university in the United States. Building on a faculty-led initiative to develop a Community of Practice for improving education, this study used a mixed-method approach of a faculty-developed, electronic survey to assess this topic. Findings from 72 faculty members revealed an overall positive stance toward technology in the classroom and the average faculty member utilized about six technology tools in their courses. The opportunities, barriers and future uses for technologies in the higher education classroom emerged from the open-ended questions on the survey. One finding of particular concern is that faculty are fearful that technology causes a loss of the humanistic perspective in education. The university is redesigning ten of its most popular courses to increase flexibility, accessibility and student success.

Authentication plays a significant part in dealing with security in public and private sectors such as healthcare systems, banking system, transportation system and law and security. Biometric technology has grown quickly recently, especially in the areas of artificial intelligence and identity. Formerly, authentication process has depended on security measures like passcodes, identity fobs, and fingerprints. On the other hand, as just a consequence of these precautions, theft has increased in frequency. In response, biometric security was created, in which the identification of a person is based on features derived from the physiological and behavioral traits of a human body using biometric system. Biometric technology gadgets are available to the public as they are embedded on computer systems, electronic devices, mobile phones, and other consumer electronics. As the fraudulent is increasing demand and use of biometric electronic devices has increased. As a consequence, it may be possible to confirm a person's distinct identification. The goal of this study is to examine developments in biometric systems in the disciplines of medicine and engineering. The study will present the p

Twenty-five years ago, Joel Reidenberg argued that technology itself, not just law and regulation, imposes rules on communities in the Information Society. System design choices like network architecture and configurations create regulatory norms he termed "Lex Informatica"-referencing the merchant-driven medieval "Lex Mercatoria" that emerged independent of sovereign control. Today we face different challenges requiring us to revisit Reidenberg's insights and examine the consequences of that earlier era. While Lex Informatica provided a framework for analyzing the internet's birth, we now confront the aftereffects of decades of minimal or absent regulation. Critical questions emerge: When technological social norms develop outside clear legal restraints, who benefits and who suffers? This new era demands infrastructural reform focused on the interplay between public and private regulation and self-regulation, weighing both costs and benefits. Rather than showcasing the promise of yesterday's internet age, today's events reveal the pitfalls of information libertarianism and underscore the urgent need for new approaches to information regulation. This Issue presents articles from tw

With the rise of the concept of financial technology, financial and technology gradually in-depth integration, scientific and technological means to become financial product innovation, improve financial efficiency and reduce financial transaction costs an important driving force. In this context, the new technology platform is from the business philosophy, business model, technical means, sales, internal management, and other dimensions to re-shape the financial industry. In this paper, the existing big data platform architecture technology innovation, adding space-time data elements, combined with the insurance industry for practical analysis, put forward a meaningful product circle and customer circle.

Persuasion is part and parcel of human interaction. The human persuaders in society have been always exit, masters of rhetoric skilled of changing our minds, or at least our behaviors. Leaders, mothers, salesmen, and teachers are clear examples of persuaders. Persuaders often turn to technology and digital media to amplify their persuasive ends. Besides, our lives and how we lead them influenced by technologies and digital media,but for the most part, their effects on our attitudes and behaviors have been incidental, even accidental. Although, nowadays, the use of computers to sell products and services considered as the most frequent application of persuasive technology. In this short paper, based on an extensive review of literatures, we aim to give a brief introduction to persuasive technology, and how it can play a role and contribute to enhance and deliver the best practice of IT. Some challenges of persuasive technology have been discussed. At the end, some recommendations and steps should be taken place to empower IT professional practices have been listed.

Cloud computing has been consolidated as a support for the vast majority of current and emerging technologies. However, there are some barriers that prevent the exploitation of the full potential of this technology. First, the major cloud providers currently put the onus of implementing the mechanisms that ensure compliance with the desired service levels on cloud consumers. However, consumers do not have the required expertise. Since each cloud provider exports a different set of low-level metrics, the strategies defined to ensure compliance with the established service-level agreement (SLA) are bound to a particular cloud provider. This fosters provider lock-in and prevents consumers from benefiting from the advantages of multi-cloud environments. This paper presents a solution to the problem of automatically translating SLAs into objectives expressed as metrics that can be measured across multiple cloud providers. First, we propose an intelligent knowledge-based system capable of automatically translating high-level SLAs defined by cloud consumers into a set of conditions expressed as vendor-neutral metrics, providing feedback to cloud consumers (intelligent tutoring system). Se

This paper introduces a new technology for a high-speed, high-power mobile form-factor tuner utilizing gas discharge tube plasma cells as switching components. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first plasma-enabled RF matching network. Technology development is reviewed, the fabrication and measurement of a proof-of-concept switched stub impedance tuner are presented, and techniques for improvement are discussed. The proof-of-concept impedance tuner functions with a 27% bandwidth from 3 to almost 4 GHz and shows a power gain better than -2.5 dB across all switching state-frequency combinations at a 50 W input power level with spread coverage of the Smith chart. State change transient timing is measured to be on the order of 500 ns. This technology demonstration highlights the potential of miniaturized, rapidly-tunable, high-power, plasma-based RF devices.

Wireless networking is rapidly growing and becomes an inexpensive technology which allows multiple users to simultaneously access the network and the internet while roaming about the campus. In the present work, the software development of a wireless LAN(WLAN) is highlighted. This WLAN utilizes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology at 902MHz RF carrier frequency in its physical layer. Cost effective installation and antijaming property of spread spectrum technology are the major advantages of this work.

This paper presents a general theory that aims at explaining timescales observed empirically in technology transitions and predicting those of future transitions. This framework is used further to derive a theory for exploring the dynamics that underlie the complex phenomenon of irreversible and path dependent price or policy induced efficiency changes. Technology transitions are known to follow patterns well described by logistic functions, which should more rigorously be modelled mathematically using the Lotka-Volterra family of differential equations, originally developed to described the population growth of competing species. The dynamic evolution of technology has also been described theoretically using evolutionary dynamics similar to that observed in nature. The theory presented here joins both approaches and presents a methodology for predicting changeover time constants in order to describe real systems of competing technologies. The problem of price or policy induced efficiency changes becomes naturally explained using this framework. Examples of application are given.

Since SLAs specify the contractual terms that are formally used between consumers and providers, there is a need to aggregate QoS requirements from the perspectives of Clouds, networks, and devices to deliver the promised IoT functionalities. Therefore, the main objective of this chapter is to provide a conceptual model of SLA for the IoT as well as rich vocabularies to describe the QoS and domain-specific configuration parameters of the IoT on an end-to-end basis. We first propose a conceptual model that identifies the main concepts that play a role in specifying end-to-end SLAs. Then, we identify some of the most common QoS metrics and configuration parameters related to each concept. We evaluated the proposed conceptual model using a goal-oriented approach, and the participants in the study reported a high level of satisfaction regarding the proposed conceptual model and its ability to capture main concepts in a general way.

Blockchains are tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion (i.e., without a central repository) and usually without a central authority (i.e., a bank, company, or government). At their basic level, they enable a community of users to record transactions in a shared ledger within that community, such that under normal operation of the blockchain network no transaction can be changed once published. This document provides a high-level technical overview of blockchain technology. The purpose is to help readers understand how blockchain technology works.