Mental health conditions account for 18% of years lived with disability worldwide. 1-in-6 adults are affected in England, with most mental health conditions beginning in childhood and adolescence. Mental distress and ill health are unequally distributed in the UK, with strong associations with wider determinants of health, and higher prevalence among systemically disadvantaged groups. Currently, there is a lack of evidence to inform effective and timely policymaking for primary prevention in the UK. In recognition of these challenges, a national Population Mental Health (PMH) Consortium was established, as part of Population Health Improvement UK (PHIUK). PHIUK is a national research network which works to transform health and reduce inequalities through change at the population level. Our aim is to establish an interdisciplinary PMH Consortium, focussing on upstream determinants and the prevention of risks and onset of mental health conditions through interdisciplinary stakeholder engagement, to create new opportunities for population-based improvement of mental health in the UK.The PMH Consortium brings together leading interdisciplinary representation in population mental health, spanning from sciences to the arts, across the UK. Membership includes six academic institutions, third sector organisations, lived experience expertise, and strong links with national bodies to ensure integrated cross-national and regional policy impact. The PMH Consortium comprises four cross-cutting platforms (Partners in policy, implementation, and lived experience; Data, linkages, and causal inference; Narrowing inequalities; Training and capacity building) and three challenge areas (Children and young people's mental health; Prevention of suicide and self-harm; Multiple long-term conditions) which are highly integrated and interdependent. The work will be underpinned by a Theory of Change across an initial four-year life cycle. This paper describes the aim, objectives, and approach of the PMH Consortium, as well as anticipated challenges and strengths. The goal of the PMH Consortium is to develop a model for population mental health research and policy translation that is both scalable and sustainable. It is critical to ensure continued impact and viability beyond the initial four years, contributing to the prevention of mental health conditions in the UK, with personal, economic, social, and health benefits.
This article examines how medical secrecy, family silence, and nascent activism produce distinct spatial-cultural regimes that shape health outcomes, care pathways, and health inequities for intersex people in Chile. It contributes a spatial-analytic framework to medical anthropology debates on clinical secrecy, contested diagnostic nomenclature, and epistemic injustice in healthcare. Multi-sited reflexive ethnography was conducted in Chile between October 2020 and December 2023, primarily in Santiago. The study draws on 30 semi-structured interviews-14 with intersex individuals (aged 19-45), of whom one additionally provided a life history interview; 5 specialist physicians, 7 parents/guardians, 2 academic researchers, 1 government official, and 1 international activist-supplemented by approximately 340 h of participant observation across virtual, institutional, domestic, and café-based settings. Analysis followed a constructivist grounded theory approach. Medical institutions, families, and activist organizations produce distinct 'geographies of secrecy' that render intersex bodies selectively visible and impose specific health consequences: clinical spaces generate epistemic injustice through information hoarding and paternalistic consent practices; family spaces enforce silence that isolates individuals from diagnosis, community, and healthcare; activist spaces offer collective recognition while simultaneously producing new exclusions. The concept of 'calibrated disclosure' captures how intersex people strategically manage visibility across spatial contexts with direct implications for healthcare access and wellbeing. The article introduces 'embodied accountability' as a methodological principle for reflexive research with small, geographically concentrated marginalized communities. Findings highlight the need for healthcare systems to address not only clinical protocols but the spatial-institutional conditions that produce epistemic injustice and impede informed consent for intersex people.
The purpose of this study is to explore ways in which interpersonal mindfulness and other foundations of healing are manifested during the TCM encounter and how they may affect the practitioner-patient relationship and support health equity and quality of life. US-based TCM practitioners with the following licenses-L.Ac., O.M., C.H.,-were recruited to participate in a 45-min recorded Zoom interview about their professional background, practitioner-patient interactions, and the role mindfulness may play in their professional practice. Using a Grounded Theory approach, research team members engaged in open, axial, and selective group-based coding to create higher-order categories and themes from the original codes. Saturation was documented. In total, 11 TCM practitioners were interviewed, resulting in 168 unique codes. Saturation was met for 81% of the codes. Axial coding yielded 16 higher-order categories, and four overarching themes: 1) Mindful Healing in TCM, which included the roles of intentional presence, emotional awareness of self and others, body anchored presence, and mindful responding; 2) Essentials of TCM Diagnosis, with emphasis on the patient narrative, body language, practitioner's mental health routine, and therapeutic touch; 3) Bridging Cultural Gaps in Education and Understanding, highlighting TCM's medical integration and modern acceptance and; 4) Practice Motivators & Logistics for practitioners. This study offers important insights directly from TCM practitioners on the importance they place on creating an empathic and compassionate environment based on trust, awareness, and connection in order for healing to occur. This is consistent with TCM theory, which emphasizes mindful qualities, supporting holistic healing in physical and mental health.
Professional identity formation in healthcare professions education (HPE) is a complex and often fraught process. Physicians and trainees experience identity struggles as they navigate their personal and professional development, along with the conflicting expectations, cultural norms and systemic pressures within the healthcare environment. Despite growing attention to these challenges, conceptual clarity around identity struggle remains limited. To advance theoretical understanding of identity struggle, we conducted a critical narrative review of identity theories from developmental psychology, social psychology and sociology. We selected three major theoretical traditions-Neo-Eriksonian, symbolic interactionist and social identity theories-and analysed their conceptualizations of identity, identity development and identity struggle. We examined these diverse perspectives to inform research and educational practice on professional identity formation in HPE. Each theoretical tradition offers distinct insights into identity struggle. Neo-Eriksonian theories emphasize exploration and commitment as central processes, framing struggle as developmental and potentially productive. Symbolic Interactionist theories highlight the role of socialization and identity dissonance, viewing struggle as emerging from tensions between personal agency and societal norms. Social Identity theories focus on group belonging and intergroup dynamics, conceptualizing struggle at both individual and socio-contextual levels. We provide common critiques and limitations of each theoretical tradition. These perspectives illuminate varied mechanisms through which identity struggle manifests and evolves. This review underscores the multifaceted nature of identity struggle and the value of theoretical pluralism in understanding professional identity formation. Struggle is not inherently negative; rather, it can be a catalyst for growth when appropriately framed and supported. We propose how educators and researchers might use these theoretical lenses to design interventions that foster productive identity development and address systemic contributors to identity struggles. We invite scholars drawing on critical perspectives of power and structure to challenge and deepen the conversation on identity struggle in HPE.
Most of the literature on micro- and macroaggressions from the perspectives of physicians and learners derives almost exclusively from surveys and focus groups. A more thorough understanding of individual perspectives is necessary to further advance this subject. The objective of this study was to explore physicians' and physician trainees' experiences with micro- and macroaggressions in the clinical setting and their thoughts on how to address such aggressions. This was a nationwide, qualitative study. Virtual one-to-one interviews were conducted between October 2021 and March 2022. A volunteer sample of 18 faculty physicians and trainees (medical students, residents, and fellows) representing all regions of the United States were interviewed. Grounded theory was used to analyze transcripts and create a code book. Codes were finalized through constant comparison and developed into themes and subthemes. Thirteen participants identified as female. Eight were non-White. Eleven were faculty. All levels of learners were included. The average interview duration was 43 minutes. Participants described a wide range of aggressions, their resultant emotions and thoughts in response to an event, the complexity of addressing aggressions, and their self-reflection on what transpired and their roles within medicine and society. Most participants, regardless of level, felt responsible to respond to micro- and macroaggressions when individuals more junior to them were present. Most also admitted feeling unprepared and unsure of how to respond, however.
The allocation of emergency resources is a lifeline in hazard-induced disaster relief, directly determining survival rates, rescue efficiency, and the restoration of social order. Existing allocation models face two limitations: (1) insufficient cross-role integration of funds and resource flows, and (2) limited application of multi-stage robust optimization. To address these issues, this study proposes a tripartite multi-role integrated scheduling framework that jointly considers the objectives and constraints of decision-making (fund allocation), execution (procurement and transportation), and demand roles (affected populations) to optimize economic cost, life-saving utility, and supply-demand balance. We adopt multi-stage adaptive robust optimization to reformulate the allocation model into a feedback framework integrating pre-disaster planning with post-disaster periodic adjustments under demand, procurement, and transportation uncertainties. For model tractability and compatibility with off-the-shelf solvers, we develop a linear reformulation technique that converts the nonlinear robust model into a linear program using duality theory and semi-infinite constraint handling. A case study based on an earthquake scenario shows that multi-stage adjustment and multi-role integration improve allocation optimality, stability, and robustness under multiple uncertainty sources. Sensitivity analyses of key parameters, such as time discretization and historical dependency depth, provide practical guidance for model deployment. Compared with deterministic, static robust, and rolling-horizon methods, the proposed approach shows improvements in allocation safety and overall rescue performance.
Chemical flooding agents significantly alter droplet interfacial properties and bulk rheology, reducing droplet size and strengthening interfacial films, thereby stabilizing oil-water emulsions and reducing the effectiveness of conventional electrical demulsification. To overcome this bottleneck, this work proposes an electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification method using a model water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion as the research subject, and systematically analyzes two electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification routes based on experimental investigation and theoretical analysis, namely the synergy between ultrasonic cavitation and electric-field polarization, and the synergy between ultrasonic mechanical effects and electric-field polarization. On this basis, we quantitatively evaluated its performance advantages and proposed practical control strategies. The results suggest that the synergy between the electric polarization effect and the ultrasonic cavitation effect is beneficial for interfacial-film weakening, raising the demulsification efficiency of complex interfacial emulsions by over 13%. The synergy between electric polarization and ultrasonic mechanical effects drives rapid droplet aggregation, achieves efficient coalescence in low-viscosity systems, and increases demulsification efficiency by over 20%. This study not only systematically analyzes two electro-ultrasonic synergistic demulsification routes, but also provides new theoretical support and engineering application ideas for the development of electric-acoustic synergistic demulsification technology.
Excitons play a decisive role in governing light absorption, charge separation, and carrier utilization in low-dimensional photocatalysts. In this work, we present a comprehensive first-principles investigation of excitonic effects and their impact on photocatalytic water splitting in a SnS2/h-BN van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure. Density functional theory (DFT), combined with many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE), is employed to determine the quasiparticle band edge alignment, exciton binding energies (EBEs), optical absorption, carrier effective masses, and solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency. The SnS2/h-BN heterostructure exhibits a staggered type-II band alignment with quasiparticle band edges straddling the redox potentials, ensuring thermodynamic feasibility for overall water splitting. Beyond band alignment, the heterostructure supports multiple optically active bright interlayer excitons with spatially separated electrons and holes at the interface. These interlayer excitons display reduced electron-hole (e-h) wave function overlap and favorable effective masses, particularly a highly dispersive SnS2-derived conduction band that enables efficient electron transport toward hydrogen evolution reaction sites. Despite their sizable binding energies, efficient exciton dissociation is promoted by strong interfacial electric fields and large conduction band offsets, leading to effective charge separation. Consequently, photogenerated carriers are selectively funneled to distinct catalytic surfaces, enabling spatially separated hydrogen and oxygen evolution. The synergistic enhancement of light absorption, carrier lifetime, and charge transport results in a markedly higher STH efficiency (11.04%) compared to that of pristine SnS2. This work underscores the necessity of explicit excitonic treatment and establishes exciton engineering in vdW heterostructures as a key strategy for the design of efficient photocatalysts for solar water splitting.
As the primary living environment for disabled older adults, families play a crucial role in disease prevention and maintaining their health. However, research has found that both disabled older adults and their family members experience numerous physiological, psychological, and social adaptation problems when adjusting to the changes brought by disability, severely impacting the overall health status of the family. Therefore, guided by the ERG (Existence-Relatedness-Growth) theory, this study aims to understand the family health needs of families with disabled older adults in the community, providing a basis for improving the health level of these families and developing targeted intervention programs. From December 2024 to February 2025, this study employed purposive and snowball sampling to select 12 pairs of disabled older adults and their primary caregivers from communities under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province for semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was applied to organize and analyze the interview data. Deductive analysis indicated that the famliy health needs of families with disabled older adults in the community can be summarized into the following three themes: existence needs (daily living needs, economic support needs, environmental modification needs), relatedness needs (family communication needs, social resource connection needs, social participation needs), and growth needs (autonomy and dignity maintenance needs, family development needs, demand for technology-enabled solutions). The results show that the family health needs of families with disabled older adults in the community are unique and diverse. Community health workers and social workers can develop and implement effective strategies based on the different levels of family needs to promote the health level of families with disabled older adults and improve the overall quality of life of these families.
Essential tremor (ET) and Dystonic tremor (DT) share overlapping motor symptoms, leading to frequent misdiagnoses. Multimodal Graph Convolutional Network (GCNs) with transformer architecture hold promise for early diagnosis and pathogenesis exploration. To develop a multiscale multimodal GCN (MM-GCN) using structural and functional connectivity features, and identify imaging biomarkers of ET and DT. We collected rs-fMRI, DTI, and sMRI data and constructed eight inter-regional similarity matrices (GM, FA, MD, RD, AD, ReHo, DC, and fALFF) for each subject using Jensen-Shannon divergence. These matrices were input into the GCN architecture with multimodal attention fusion and applied to binary classification tasks (ET vs. HC, DT vs. HC, ET vs. DT) at three spatial scales. Finally, we used Grad-CAM to estimate node and edge importance for interpretability, while graph theory and correlation analyses were conducted for post-hoc validation of discriminative brain regions identified by MM-GCN. All MM-GCN models demonstrated strong classification performance, with the highest mean accuracies of 95.24% for DT vs. HC, 85.45% for ET vs. HC, and 97.27% for ET vs. DT. The most discriminative brain regions were predominantly localized in the thalamus and basal ganglia, as well as in cerebellar motor and non-motor cortical networks. Correlation analysis revealed that the nodal efficiency of the two salient brain regions was significantly correlated with clinical characteristics. The MM-GCN model demonstrates strong diagnostic capability for differentiating ET and DT. Our findings reveal cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit involvement in both disorders, advancing multimodal imaging insights into their pathophysiology.
There is need for international tools to measure and monitor childhood immunisation programme uptake, validated specifically for local country context. Childhood vaccine coverage has declined in Aotearoa New Zealand (ANZ) since 2016, especially for Māori and Pacific Peoples. To adapt the Australian Vaccine Barriers Assessment Tool (VBAT) for ANZ context, to support improvement of vaccination coverage, particularly for Māori and Pacific Peoples children. The NZ VBAT was developed and validated in three stages: (1) Literature review and cognitive theory, refined through cognitive testing in ANZ. (2) Surveys assessing reliability of potential items and selection of items via expert consensus. (3) Surveys assessing predictive validity of future immunisation, with responses linked to vaccination records. Confirmatory Composite Analysis (CCA) assessed fit of the final preferred models. Stage 1 identified 80 items, refined to 45 through cognitive testing. In stage 2, 467 surveys assessed item reliability. In stage 3, 314 out of 492 (64%) carers/parents (82% Māori and Pacific Peoples) completed the final 35 item survey, with 176 responses linked to immunisation records. Logistic regression showed strong associations between access and acceptance barriers and vaccine uptake. The final 6-item short survey had five domains encompassing safety, access, effectiveness, intention and influence; whilst the 14 -item long survey incorporated two additional domains: social responsibility and relationship with provider. Both surveys outperformed the US Parent Attitudes Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Survey, explaining 13% and 14% of uptake variation compared to PACV's 10%. The NZ Vaccine Barriers Assessment tools (NZ VBAT) is a culturally appropriate tool to identify the social and behavioural drivers of suboptimal vaccination in children <5 years in NZ. It will support development of targeted interventions to achieve optimal immunisation coverage and reduce equity gaps.
Narrative generation requires the integration of linguistic, social, and conceptual knowledge to transform internal representations into coherent discourse. Few studies have examined how the distinct stages of comprehension and production are supported by the brain. In this fMRI study, 27 participants viewed a nine-panel cartoon, planned a story, and then orally produced it during scanning. Story comprehension elicited greater activation than fixation within the default mode network (DMN), including medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, as well as the right insula, regions implicated in situation model construction, emotional inference, and mental simulation. Story production engaged a broader bilateral network encompassing hippocampus, basal ganglia, right temporoparietal junction (TPJ), and left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), reflecting additional demands on lexical selection, memory retrieval, and social-cognitive processes. Exploratory regression analyses revealed that higher lexical diversity (Maas) was associated with reduced activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus during comprehension and increased activation in the precuneus. Regression analysis also showed that a measure of social cognition (TASIT) was associated with cerebellar activation, supporting its emerging role in mentalizing and social prediction. These findings demonstrate that narrative generation relies on dynamic interactions among DMN, language, and cerebellar systems, with comprehension and production sharing a common representational foundation but diverging in their linguistic, memory, and social-cognitive demands. Regression results highlight potential neural mechanisms linking individual differences in lexical and social processing to narrative performance.
Online language is widely used among college students and reflects their communication patterns and psychosocial characteristics in digital contexts. However, existing studies mainly focus on specific aspects such as motivation or emoji use, lacking comprehensive and validated measurement tools. This study aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional scale of online language use among Chinese college students. A multi-stage scale development approach was employed. Initial items were generated through literature review, grounded theory-based interviews, and existing instruments, followed by expert evaluation. Data from 310 students were used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while 1,171 students participated in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability and validity testing. A subsample of 180 students completed a one-month retest. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 27.0, AMOS 29.0, and JASP. The final scale comprised 15 items across three dimensions: usage effectiveness, usage motivation, and usage behavior. EFA supported a three-factor structure, which was confirmed by CFA with good model fit (GFI = 0.992, AGFI = 0.988, SRMR = 0.041, NFI = 0.988). The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.891; McDonald's ω = 0.877) and excellent test-retest reliability (r = 0.957). Construct and criterion-related validity were also supported. The scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing online language use among Chinese college students, conceptualized as a multidimensional construct integrating effectiveness, motivation, and behavior.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of collectivistic and authority-based green advertising on actual green purchasing behavior for apparel among Gen Z and Gen Y consumers in an emerging market. By conceptually uniting the stimulus-organism-response model with the theory of planned behavior, data were collected through a robust two-stage survey from 197 Vietnamese consumers to minimize consistency bias and specifically address the intention-behavior gap prevalent in environmental communication research. Results indicate a significant direct association between culturally adapted green advertising and actual purchasing behavior, while further revealing that this association is successfully mediated by the simultaneous organismic states of perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and attitude. Conclusively, this study establishes that collectivistic and authority-based green advertising is a highly effective mechanism for promoting sustainable apparel consumption through both direct and internal psychological pathways. Theoretically, this research advances the literature by extending green advertising research into the specific apparel context and validating the novel "collectivistic and authority-based" construct within an underrepresented emerging economy. Furthermore, it clarifies the effectiveness of such advertising on Gen Z and Y cohorts while making a significant methodological contribution by shifting the focus from mere intentions to actual behavior via a multi-phase design. Finally, the study elucidates the complex mediating mechanism by identifying the simultaneous roles of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as internal drivers of behavioral response. Practically, the findings offer practitioners valuable strategies to significantly increase campaign effectiveness among younger cohorts in Vietnam.
A renewed reforming of the higher education system is taking place in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the perception of the essence and content of the pedagogical profession is changing in the changing conditions of today, as well as new requirements are being put forward to the personality of the teacher. The purpose of the article was to study the dynamics of perceptions and evaluation of the components of the image of an ideal teacher by students in the process of traditional (full-time) and remote (online) learning in a higher education institution. Diagnostic methods were used in the research: free description method on the topic "Portrait of a teacher whom I respect", content analysis, "Educational-cognitive interaction between a student and a teacher of the university" method (author I.I. Snyadanko), methods of statistical data processing. The authors conducted two experimental sections: the first section was conducted during traditional full-time learning before the Covid-19 pandemic, the second section was conducted during the remote learning period during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result of the research, it was determined that, in general, first-year students prefer strict and demanding teachers, but at the same time value such teacher qualities as kindness and sacrifice. The personal characteristics of the teacher and the ability to perceive the student as a person are more important for second-year students. A comparison of the data of the two sections made it possible to conclude that the ideal teacher should meet much greater characteristics in the process of remote learning than in the process of traditional learning. The results of the article can be used to optimize the educational and cognitive interaction between students and teachers of the university, to improve the professional training of pedagogical personnel.
Previous studies assessed dynamic functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by the sliding-window approach, limiting sensitivity to rapid neural fluctuations. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying dynamic transitions between brain states also remain unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the dynamic neural mechanisms of OCD by characterizing state dynamic patterns and the underlying energy basis. The study recruited 198 OCD patients and 109 healthy controls, characterizing altered state dynamic patterns and underlying control energy in OCD by integrating co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis with network control theory (NCT). OCD patients showed increased occurrences of the states characterized by ventral attention and somatomotor network co-activation with default mode network suppression (VAN-SMN+/DMN-) and default mode network activation with ventral attention network suppression (DMN+/VAN-), reduced persistence of the actively frontoparietal network with suppressively visual network (FPN+/VIS-) state, and elevated transitions among DMN+/VAN-, VAN-SMN+/DMN-, and SMN-VAN+/VIS- states. Moreover, computational enhancement of FPN+/VIS- state persistence via virtual perturbation partially improved abnormal brain-state dynamics in OCD. NCT further revealed that state transitions from DMN+/VAN- to VAN-SMN+/DMN- or SMN-VAN+/VIS- required reduced control energy under modulation by GABAergic signaling and mitochondrial respiratory capacity, forming a "low-cost pathological shortcut" associated with greater symptom severity; state transitions from SMN-VAN+/VIS- to VAN-SMN+/DMN- were intrinsically energy-demanding, modulated by dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, constituting an "inefficient pathological transition" consistent with repetitive behavior observed clinically. OCD is characterized by a maladaptive brain-state cycle marked by excessive DMN dominance, frequent shifts to VAN/SMN activation states, and attenuated FPN engagement. Computationally enhancing the persistence of the FPN+/VIS- state via virtual perturbation partially improved the dysregulated cycle in OCD. Within this cycle, two distinct pathological transition modes emerged: a "low-cost shortcut" from DMN to VAN/SMN modulated by GABAergic and an "inefficient transition" from SMN to VAN linked to dopaminergic and serotonergic. These reveal neurochemically grounded alterations in the energy control of abnormal brain-state transitions, offering mechanistic insights into the disrupted neural dynamics of OCD.
People with severe mental illness (SMI) experience disparities in cancer care, including delayed diagnosis, poorer symptom management, and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of individuals with SMI who have also been diagnosed with cancer. A qualitative, grounded theory study was conducted with 11 adults in England with lived experience of both SMI and cancer. Participants were recruited via NHS and voluntary organisations. Semi-structured interviews, conducted via telephone or video call, were transcribed verbatim. Coding progressed through initial, focused, and theoretical coding alongside constant comparative methods and memoing. Stigma emerged as a main theme, derived through participant explanations of limited information sharing, restricted involvement in decision-making, and the misattribution of physical symptoms to mental illness. These perceived forms of stigma contributed to delays in cancer diagnosis, reduced opportunities for informed decision-making, and feelings of disempowerment. Collectively, they reinforced existing health inequities and negatively affected participants' mental and physical wellbeing throughout their cancer care and beyond. Structural and public stigma intersect, resulting in health-related stigma, creating barriers across cancer care pathways for people with SMI. Stigma may compromise quality care and contribute to poorer clinical and experiential outcomes in people with cancer and SMI. Interventions are needed to reduce stigmatising behaviours and beliefs in healthcare settings, to distribute power within clinical settings, and promote shared, person-centred decision-making to ensure comprehensive information provision and recognition of patient expertise. Collectively, these actions may improve early diagnosis, cancer symptom management, recovery, and overall quality of life for cancer survivors with SMI.
Motivational factors are widely recognized as central to students' engagement in cognitively demanding learning; however, the role of STEM career interest in the development of computational thinking during adolescence remains insufficiently understood. It is also unclear whether this association differs by gender. Grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study examined the association between STEM career interest and computational thinking among high school students and tested the moderating role of gender. Data were collected from 467 students (Mage = 16.05, SD = 1.20; 57.2% female) enrolled in public science high schools in Diyarbakır, Türkiye, using a descriptive correlational design. Participants completed the STEM Career Interest Scale and the Computational Thinking Skills Scale. Moderation analysis was conducted using PROCESS (Model 1) with 5,000 bootstrap resamples. STEM career interest was positively associated with computational thinking. Gender showed no significant main effect, and the interaction between STEM career interest and gender was not significant, indicating that the strength of this association was similar for female and male students. These findings suggest that, within academically selective STEM-focused environments, motivational orientations toward STEM are linked to computational thinking in comparable ways across genders. The results highlight the importance of supporting students' motivational engagement, alongside instructional practices, in fostering computational thinking during secondary education.
No research has explored Theory of Mind (ToM) development in Lebanon, a culturally diverse country that defies the East-West dichotomy. This pilot study aims to adapt a ToM tool for Lebanese children, while examining age-related trends, developmental sequencing, and parental cultural influences. Forty-six children aged 3-11 years, completed the ABC-TOM and standard tasks. Parents completed an Individualism-Collectivism Scale. The internal consistency of the ABC-TOM was correct for the total and cognitive subscales, but questionable for the affective subscale, with good convergent validity with standard measures. An earlier acquisition of knowledge access was observed, with age-related variations. Sequencing patterns also varied according to parental individualism-collectivism. Overall, findings support the ABC-TOM's use and underscore the role of individual-level environmental factors in ToM development.
In the digital age, university students' sustained academic engagement and strong learning resilience in the face of increasing academic pressure and complex campus challenges are essential to the attainment of substantial academic achievement. At present, how to enhance students' academic engagement and foster learning resilience has become a pressing issue for educational administrators. Although previous studies have examined multiple factors influencing academic engagement and resilience, they have largely emphasized the isolated effects of psychological traits on individual learning performance while overlooking the complex possibility that perceived external contexts, such as the learning environment, learning climate, and social relationships, may jointly shape learning resilience through psychological and emotional regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, this study focuses on the interaction among external contexts, internal affective drivers (academic self-efficacy and perceived campus belonging), and learning resilience. Using questionnaire survey data and structural equation modeling, this study examines the extent to which external contexts are associated with academic self-efficacy and perceived campus belonging, explores whether these internal affective drivers are statistically associated with learning resilience through mediating pathways, and constructs an "external context-affective drivers-learning resilience" model to identify potential explanatory pathways and provide evidence-based implications for educational management.