Facilitative interpersonal skills (FIS) are widely used as an operationalization of therapists' interpersonal competence. However, the degree to which FIS are specific outcomes of formal psychotherapy training or instead reflect more general abilities developed across different professional pathways or outside of any formal training is unclear. To test whether psychotherapy students show a stronger stage-related increase in FIS levels than students from other fields, this study protocol outlines a cross-sectional cohort design in which FIS levels are assessed at three training stages (entry university level, end of bachelor, end of master) across four professional pathways. The group comparisons include (1) psychotherapy students as the reference group, (2) nursing and (3) teacher education students as comparison groups with high interpersonal demands but without mental health training, and (4) students from the disciplines of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as a baseline group with low interpersonal demands and no mental health training. We will use linear mixed-effects models with professional pathway and training stage as fixed effects. The primary test will evaluate the fixed effects of the factors professional pathway and training stage, and their interaction. Compared to previous studies, our non-clinical, non-interventionist design eliminates any risk of harm to patients and removes variance associated with patient and dyadic factors. Approval has been obtained from the Ethics Commission at Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna. Data and analysis scripts will be shared via open-access repositories. We intend to disseminate results through at least three peer-reviewed publications: primary analyses, secondary analyses, and a theoretical synthesis on implications for psychotherapy training and interprofessional competence.
Autophagy underlies several immunosuppressive mechanisms that collectively endow cancer cells with prominent immunoevasive features. Recent data from Hoslett et al. demonstrate that a specialized variant of autophagy commonly known as nucleophagy actively removes PARP1 molecules trapped on DNA upon pharmacological inhibition, mediating robust cytoprotective and possibly immunosuppressive effects.
Sterile corneal infiltration is an inflammatory condition typically associated with contact lens wear, staphylococcal hypersensitivity, or corneal procedures. Chemical injuries usually present with diffuse epithelial defects or stromal haze, whereas the development of a discrete sterile corneal infiltrate following chemical injury appears to be uncommon. We describe an unusual case of unilateral sterile peripheral corneal infiltration following accidental chemical injury caused by contact lenses soaked in a makeup remover. A 35-year-old woman presented with severe ocular pain and decreased vision after briefly wearing soft contact lenses that had been mistakenly soaked overnight in a makeup remover solution. Slit-lamp examination revealed near-complete epithelial defects in both eyes. In the left eye, a ring-shaped peripheral stromal infiltrate spanning approximately 270° was observed, with a distinct lucid interval and intact overlying epithelium. Microbiological investigations, including bacterial and fungal corneal cultures and viral polymerase chain reaction testing, were negative for infectious pathogens. The patient was diagnosed with bilateral chemical injury and unilateral sterile corneal infiltration. The patient was managed with antimicrobial coverage, cautious anti-inflammatory treatment, autologous serum, and intensive lubrication, followed by gradual epithelial healing and complete resolution of the infiltrate within two months. Chemical toxicity from contaminated contact lenses may trigger a localized sterile immune-mediated corneal infiltrate that can mimic infectious keratitis. Careful slit-lamp examination and recognition of clinical features such as a lucid interval and intact epithelium are important for distinguishing sterile from infectious infiltrates and for guiding appropriate treatment.
Respiratory viral infections cause significant mortality. Pre-existing atopy has demonstrated protection from virus-induced death. Atopic mice with house dust mite (HDM) extract survive normally lethal parainfluenza (Sendai virus, SeV) and influenza A (IAV) infection. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1), markedly elevated in airways of atopic mice, has been shown to significantly attenuate mortality to SeV and IAV in non-atopic mice. Hypothesizing that atopy and NRG1 mediate protection from death through similar mechanisms, we anazlyed single-cell RNA sequencing data from CD45+ (hematopoietic) and CD45- (structural) lung cells prior to infection. Both treatments reduced alveolar macrophages, lymphatic endothelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and pericytes, while increasing alveolar type 2 cells. However, atopy led to increased fibroblasts with reduced club cells compared to NRG1 treatment. Further, in the hematopoietic cell compartment, atopy drove an increase in more inflammatory cells than NRG1 and associated with significant upregulation of immune cell signaling pathways, something not seen with NRG1 administration. Moreover, NRG1 knockdown did not reverse the protection from virus-induced death in mice with pre-existing atopy. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that atopy and NRG1 mediate increased survival from a respiratory viral infection through disparate mechanisms.
The combined load of tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater poses a potential ecological risk to aquatic ecosystems. Based on actual aquaculture wastewater, this study investigated the combined toxicity of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) to Chlorella vulgaris, as well as the degradation mechanisms and ecological risks of their metabolites. The results indicate that TC-HCl is significantly more toxic to C. vulgaris than SMX, and that the combined use of these two substances produces a synergistic toxic effect. At low concentrations, SMX acts as a stimulant, promoting algal growth; in contrast, TC-HCl significantly inhibits algal growth, reduces chlorophyll content and the Fv/Fm ratio, and induces oxidative stress through membrane lipid peroxidation. Under stress conditions involving high concentrations of TC-HCl, the pH of the wastewater drops significantly, causing TC-HCl to convert to its cationic form, thereby increasing its bioavailability and toxicity. The degradation kinetics conform to a first-order model (R2 > 0.988). C. vulgaris demonstrated higher degradation efficiency for TC-HCl than for SMX, with biodegradation being the primary degradation mechanism. SMX is primarily degraded through the cleavage of the sulfonamide bond, whereas TC-HCl is mainly transformed through dehydration, demethylation, and ring-opening reactions. The ECOSAR assessment indicates that the acute toxicity of most metabolites is lower than that of the parent compound; however, some metabolites exhibit higher toxicity. This study confirms that C. vulgaris possesses a strong degradation capacity for mixed antibiotic loads; however, attention must be paid to the chronic ecological risks posed by the transformation products.
Urinary incontinence remains one of the main functional sequelae after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). This study aimed to evaluate urinary continence and functional outcomes in patients enrolled in a structured postoperative pelvic floor muscle training programme with biofeedback. We conducted a single-centre retrospective observational study including consecutive patients who underwent RARP between November 2024 and October 2025 and entered a postoperative biofeedback-guided pelvic floor rehabilitation programme, with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Patients with previous pelvic radiotherapy, preoperative urinary incontinence or incomplete key data were excluded. Biofeedback was started 12-14 days after hospital discharge, coinciding with catheter removal, and included 3-4 supervised sessions according to clinical progress, together with a home exercise programme. The primary outcome was urinary continence, defined as the use of 0-1 pad/day, at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Ninety patients were included. Mean age was 64.4 ± 6.3 years and mean body mass index was 29.1 ± 4.3 kg/m². Continence rates were 88.9% at 3 months and 94.4% at 6 months. Lower 24 -h pad test values were significantly associated with continence at the first and second follow-up visits (both p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between 3-month continence and age, body mass index, preoperative PSA, prostate volume or catheterisation time. Nevertheless, the number of biofeedback sessions was significantly associated with continence recovery, suggesting a possible dose-response effect. A structured postoperative pelvic floor rehabilitation programme with biofeedback was associated with high rates of early continence recovery after RARP. The intensity of supervised rehabilitation may influence functional recovery. Prospective controlled studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
The presence of natural organic matter and inorganic anions often impedes the effectiveness of advanced oxidation processes in removing micropollutants from aquatic environments. Considering that most micropollutants contain electron-rich functional groups, selective degradation through non-radical pathways offers a promising strategy to eliminate target contaminants. In this study, a carbon-based cobalt single-atom catalytic membrane was fabricated via a low-temperature, controlled synthesis to suppress carbon substrate pyrolysis and avoid the formation of diverse catalytic active sites, facilitating a completely non-radical activation route with Co active sites. The synergistic action of singlet oxygen and the electron transfer process enables efficient pollutant degradation while reducing oligomer accumulation. In addition, short-range electron transfer enhances oxidant utilization efficiency. Density functional theory calculations reveal that peroxymonosulfate activation predominantly proceeds through an electron-transfer pathway. Moreover, axial coordination engineering increases the overlap between O 2p and Co 3d orbitals, thereby accelerating interfacial free electron transfer. Coupled with membrane pore confinement-enhanced mass transport, the selective single-atom catalytic system enables the targeted generation and in situ utilization of reactive oxygen species, addressing a long-standing challenge in heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions. As a result, the catalytic membrane exhibits exceptional reactive oxygen species utilization efficiency and highly selective pollutant removal. The membrane achieved over 98% removal of electron-rich contaminants during 4000 min of continuous operation under ultralow driving pressure. Even in complex water matrices, the removal efficiency remained above 95%, demonstrating remarkable robustness and practical applicability.
The homeostasis of the brain's extracellular microenvironment exhibits circadian oscillations between sleep and wakefulness. Metabolites such as adenosine, lactate, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulate during wakefulness while being actively cleared during sleep. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing extracellular solute homeostasis and their sleep-dependent clearance have long remained enigmatic. The glymphatic system, a macroscopic waste clearance pathway discovered in recent years, leverages perivascular channels formed by astrocytes to facilitate the removal of soluble proteins and metabolites from the central nervous system. Notably, glymphatic system activity is predominantly active during sleep and largely quiescent during wakefulness, suggesting that the universal biological demand for sleep may reflect the brain's need to engage this specialized state for detoxification of endogenous neurotoxic waste. This review delineates the structural architecture, functional principles and therapeutic applications of the glymphatic system, with a focus on its role in sleep-mediated cerebral homeostasis. Future research should aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying glymphatic system physiology and identify regulatory targets for therapeutic intervention. Such advances hold transformative potential for treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, positioning the glymphatic system as a cornerstone of clinical innovation in neurology. The schematic diagram of glymphatic system (Left); Physiological and pathological linkages of the glymphatic system (Right).
Organosulfur pollutants in industrial aqueous waste pose significant challenges to wastewater treatment processes, due to their toxicity and odorous nature. Water plasma is a novel alternative for aqueous waste treatment, with the advantages of high capability and high energy efficiency. The role of sulfur in aqueous waste treatment by water plasma is studied by coupling thermodynamic calculations and experiments. The treatment of highly concentrated organosulfur aqueous waste is demonstrated with a novel water plasma torch, using dimethyl sulfoxide as a model compound. Decomposition rates exceeding 98% with organic carbon removal rates over 97% are achieved at dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations up to 66 g/L. Notably, this process attains high energy efficiencies of up to 26 g/kWh. Syngas produced from the process mainly consist of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and a small portion of sulfur dioxide. Sulfate is identified as the main sulfur-containing product in the liquid effluent. The strong temperature gradient in the downstream region inhibits the formation of sulfite and hydrogen sulfide, resulting in sulfur trioxide formation in trace amounts. The existence of sulfur trioxide in the downstream region promotes the oxidation of carbon monoxide. The role of sulfur-containing species in different regions of water plasma is discussed in detail based on experimental results and calculations. The comparison with other methods highlights water plasma's distinct advantages of superior capability and energy efficiency.
The United States continues to see significant issues with gun violence, resulting in significant public health concerns. Behavioral medicine is often involved in addressing the psychological aftermath of gun violence, as survivors experience higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and suicidal ideation. Black and Latino communities are disproportionately affected by gun violence due to structural inequities, with gun violence furthering the structural and health inequities experienced in these communities. While the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022 helped to improve gun control laws, federal policies are still needed to help close loopholes. The STOP School Violence Act of 2018 focuses on violence prevention education in schools but lacks information on behavioral health services and early psychological risk identification. To address future gun violence, we urge members of Congress to co-sponsor the Break the Cycle of Violence Act, which focuses on community building, including counseling services, financial, legal, and housing support for those at high risk for exposure to violence, and job training and digital literacy education for youth. Additionally, we ask them to support stronger measures to ensure safe transfer and responsible handling of firearms, including supporting legislation to close the "Charleston loophole" by requiring completion of background checks before transfers and the Protecting Extreme Risk Protection Orders, allowing courts to temporarily remove firearms from individuals showing warning signs of violence and connect them with crisis and behavioral health support. Gun violence continues to be an important public and behavioral health issue in the United States. In addition to the fatalities resulting from gun violence, survivors and their communities often experience post-traumatic stress disorder and depression. Gun violence also disproportionately affects communities of color, intensifying the structural inequities they face. While there has been legislation passed to help strengthen gun control laws, there are still gaps that need to be addressed. In order to address gun violence, we ask members of Congress to support gun violence legislation focusing on community building, complete background checks before transfers, and temporary removal of firearms from owners showing warning signs of violence.
Incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) is often diagnosed only during or after cholecystectomy, and preoperative identification remains challenging. This study preliminarily explored factors contributing to IGBC missed diagnosis and attempted to develop an ultrasound radiomics‑based identification model. A retrospective cohort of 62 IGBC and 78 non‑incidental GBC (NIGBC) patients who were consecutively enrolled between 2016/01-2025/12 was analyzed. Clinical, laboratory, imaging, pathological, and immunohistochemical features were compared. From ultrasound images, 1220 radiomics features were extracted; after stability (ICC > 0.75), redundancy removal (Spearman |ρ|> 0.90), and LASSO regression, nine features were retained. Seven machine learning algorithms were used to exploratorily build radiomics‑only models. Potential clinical predictors were identified by logistic regression, and a clinical‑only and a combined model were attempted. Performance was preliminarily evaluated using area under the curve (AUC). IGBC showed higher gallstone prevalence (91.9% vs. 53.8%, P < 0.001) and a "benign masquerade" laboratory profile (higher albumin (ALB), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑C); lower ratio of albumin to globulin (RAR); fewer elevated CA19‑9). Pathologically, IGBC was predominantly infiltrative (77.4% vs. 28.2%, P < 0.001), had earlier T stage compared to NIGBC (27.4% vs. 12.8%, P = 0.007), and exhibited lower Ki‑67 high expression (67.7% vs. 83.3%, P = 0.031) and weaker Topoisomerase II-alpha (Topo II) staining (P = 0.005). The extreme gradient boosting (XGB) radiomics model achieved a validation AUC of 0.865 (accuracy 0.833), suggesting potential discriminative ability. Gallstones (OR = 9.484) and growth pattern (OR = 0.230) might be independent clinical predictors. The clinical‑only model had AUC 0.830, and the combined model AUC 0.860, with no significant benefit over radiomics‑only. Preoperative missed diagnosis of IGBC may be associated with gallstone‑related inflammation, infiltrative growth, early T stage, seemingly normal laboratory findings, and low proliferation marker expression. Although conventional ultrasound hardly identifies IGBC, its tumor heterogeneity might be quantified by radiomics. The XGB model showed preliminary ability to distinguish IGBC from NIGBC and holds potential as a non‑invasive tool for preoperative risk stratification, but findings require validation in larger multicenter cohorts.
Given hypothesized involvement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in trigeminovascular pain and the frequent migrainous features of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), we describe temporal associations between initiation of CGRP-pathway therapies and short-term symptom changes during the interval before image-guided epidural blood patch (pre-EBP) in seven consecutively managed SIH patients. Because this is a small retrospective uncontrolled series, we report exploratory observations only. Work-up included selective head-up tilt testing and heavily T2-weighted MR myelography demonstrating predominantly cervicothoracic and/or multifocal spinal CSF leaks. During the pre-EBP interval patients received CGRP-pathway agents: monoclonal antibodies (fremanezumab n = 1; galcanezumab n = 3) and/or gepants (atogepant n = 4; rimegepant PRN n = 1). Five of seven patients (71%) met a pre-specified rubric of clinically meaningful improvement documented after CGRP initiation; in all seven patients with routinely charted Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, 0-10) scores the median NRS reduction was 3 points (range 1-4). Positional orthostatic features commonly persisted until after EBP. Median interval from CGRP initiation to targeted EBP was 7 days. In this small cohort we did not observe an obvious signal that pre-EBP CGRP exposure impaired subsequent clinical response to EBP; however, the sample size and short follow-up preclude conclusions about rare or delayed interactions. These observations are hypothesis-generating only and report temporal associations between CGRP-pathway initiation and short-term symptom changes in a highly selected cohort with comorbid chronic migraine. They do not demonstrate efficacy for SIH and should not be interpreted as endorsing CGRP-pathway therapy as a treatment for SIH. Prospective, controlled trials with validated headache and orthostatic endpoints, stratification by migraine status, and peripheral/CSF biomarker assessments are required.
Agricultural carbon export is an important driver of aquatic carbon cycling. As the key linkage between croplands and river systems, the regulation of drainage channels on dissolved organic matter (DOM) turnover remains unclear. Here, we investigated water quality, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), bioavailable DOC (BDOC) and DOM optical properties in inlet and outlet waters of paddy drainage channels along an urban-mountain gradient in southeastern China, using UV-Vis and fluorescent spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC. Urban paddy showed significantly higher DOC, BDOC and optical component values than mountain paddy due to stronger anthropogenic sewage inputs and nutrient stimulated algal production. In contrast, mountain paddy showed lower DOM abundance but a higher photochemically degraded humic-like component and aromaticity due to weaker tillage intensity and higher elevation. DOC decreased along 76% of the drainage channels, whereas DOM aromaticity increased due to the microbial degradation of bio-labile DOM, leading to increased export of recalcitrant DOM. However, a net increase in DOC was observed in the remaining drainage channels, suggesting that enhanced in-channel production under high nutrient loading exceeded the removal effect. Our findings provide new insight into the influence of tillage intensity and landscape change on agricultural carbon cycling and water management.
Two-stage revision arthroplasty remains the gold-standard treatment in the United States for patients diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip and knee. However, during treatment, patients have an extended interstage period between prosthesis removal and reimplantation which is frequently characterized by substantial reductions in mobility, prolonged rehabilitation, and a high incidence of medical and psychosocial complications. This review examines the physical, psychological, and social effects of immobility during the interstage period. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify studies addressing mobility limitations, functional assessment tools, and associated outcomes in patients undergoing two-stage revision arthroplasty for PJI. Studies were included if they reported on clinical complications and psychosocial outcomes affected by the prolonged interstage period and mobility limitations. Patients undergoing two-stage revision often experience significant immobility lasting several months, which can be influenced by pain, soft-tissue compromise, and spacer type. Prolonged inactivity can contribute to muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and impaired range of motion and is often associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, pressure injuries, and bleeding complications related to extended thromboprophylaxis use. Psychologically, patients frequently report heightened anxiety and depression during the interstage period, compounded by uncertainty regarding infection eradication. Socially, patients have restricted independence, are dependent on caregivers, and have occupational disruption that further diminishes their overall quality of life (QoL). Current studies demonstrate wide variability in how mobility is assessed, hindering cross-study comparison and limiting targeted rehabilitation strategies. The interstage period of two-stage revision arthroplasty is a critical, yet understudied phase marked by significant physical, psychological, and social challenges that are not fully captured by traditional orthopedic patient-reported outcome measures . Standardized measurement of mobility is needed to assess the impact of limited mobility during the interstage period. Also, novel treatment approaches that shorten or eliminate the interstage period have the potential to mitigate complications, enhance functional recovery, and improve overall QoL for patients undergoing staged management of PJI.
In this research, a series of nanocomposites comprises of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets with magnetic zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized using a combined sol-gel auto-combustion and hydrothermal approach with named as MZF-1, MZF-2, and MZF-3 and thoroughly characterized. The resulting two-dimensional (2D) structure of multi-layered MXene substrate provides a specific surface area with abundant adsorption sites as compared to pristine ZnFe2O4 (ZnF) and MXene (MX), for terephthalic acid (TPA), a plastic pollutant adsorption from wastewater. MZF-3 exhibited removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 82.5%, 76.0%, and 69.4% within 20 min At TPA concentrations of 20, 50, 70, and 100 mgL-1, respectively. These values correspond to an enhancement of approximately nine-fold compared to pristine ZnF, demonstrating the superior adsorption performance of the MZF-3 nanocomposite. A pH-dependent investigation assessed TPA removal efficiency, correlating it with the nanocomposite's PZC, while free-radical generation under dark conditions further supported the enhanced removal performance observed during the experiments conducted. The formation of intermediate products was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the non-toxicity of the treated solution was evaluated through chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements before and after treatment. Notably, an approximately 86% reduction in COD confirms extensive mineralization of the degradation products, corroborating the intermediates identified by HPLC. MZF-3 demonstrated excellent recyclability, maintaining catalytic activity and selectivity over repeated cycles. These findings provide valuable insights for wastewater treatment research, supporting progress toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 and 14.
The mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars frequently contain a second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal, where limited dentin thickness near the furcation may compromise root strength during instrumentation. This study evaluated the effects of MB2 preparation taper and sealer type on fracture resistance in these roots. Sixty extracted maxillary first molars with an MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root were identified using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Teeth with two canals in the mesiobuccal root, either separate or merging within the apical 1-2 mm, were included. Mesiobuccal roots were sectioned at the furcation level and remaining root length from the cut surface to the apex was standardized to 9 ± 1 mm. The specimens were allocated into four experimental groups (n = 10 each) according to MB2 taper (25/0.04 or 25/0.06) and sealer type (bioceramic or epoxy resin-based). Two control groups (n = 10 each) were included: negative control, with no preparation or obturation, and positive control, with MB1 and MB2 canals prepared to 25/0.06 without obturation. Dentin thickness in the danger zone was measured before and after preparation at 8 mm from the apex using CBCT. Fracture resistance was evaluated by vertical loading using a universal testing machine. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of initial dentin thickness. Dentin removal in the danger zone did not differ significantly between the 25/0.04 and 25/0.06 taper groups (p = 0.921). Preparation taper significantly affected fracture resistance (p < 0.001), whereas sealer type (p = 0.295) and the taper-sealer interaction (p = 0.559) were not significant. Mean fracture resistance values for the 0.04 taper groups ranged from 583.9 to 600.4 N, whereas those for the 0.06 taper groups ranged from 426.6 to 484.1 N. The negative control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance value (638.2 N), whereas the positive control group showed the lowest fracture resistance value (385.2 N). Within the limitations of this study, MB2 preparation taper had a greater influence on fracture resistance than sealer type. Increasing taper reduced fracture resistance despite similar dentin removal at the danger-zone level, suggesting that overall root geometry and stress distribution may play an important role.
The increasing release of hazardous synthetic dye waste poses a serious threat to the environmental and human health. In this study, a novel ternary nanocomposite was designed as an innovative photo-responsive adsorbent by embedding poly silver molybdate (Ag2Mo2O7) and alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3) into a sodium alginate (SA) polymeric matrix. Designed to efficiently eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from contaminated water and overcome the separation bottleneck of traditional powdered materials. The SA/Al2O3/Ag2Mo2O7 microbeads were synthesized via a facile and eco-friendly ionotropic gelation method. Structural and morphological characterization of the prepared nanocomposite was authenticated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirmed the successful formation of the ternary nanocomposite with particle size ranging from 10 to 12 nm. The incorporation of Ag2Mo2O7 and Al2O3 within the alginate polymer matrix significantly enhanced the photo-induced adsorption performance compared to bulk sodium alginate (SA) microbeads. Notably, 1.2 g/L of the microbeads achieved a remarkable 91.78% removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB) dye (77.5 mg/g) within just 40 min under visible light irradiation. In comparison, the nanocomposite demonstrates a significantly higher elimination compared to individual Ag2Mo2O7 and Al2O3, which exhibited only 60.69% and 56.89%, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that the removal process obeyed the pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data closely followed the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed that the photo-induced adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the reusability of the SA/Al2O3/Ag2Mo2O7 microbeads was tested through five adsorption-desorption cycles, consistently removing more than 73.89% of MB dye. These results demonstrate the practical application of this photo-responsive nanocomposite as an easily recoverable and efficient solution for eliminating toxic cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.
Fractures are a common cause of emergency department visits, and immobilization choice affects not only fracture healing but also comfort, hygiene, mobility, and quality of life. Conventional casting remains standard but is associated with limitations, including bulk, discomfort, and poor water tolerance. 3-Dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific immobilization may improve ventilation and functional tolerance while maintaining stability, but clinical evidence is still emerging and heterogeneous. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current clinical evidence on 3D-printed immobilization technologies versus traditional standard methods for fracture management in both pediatric and adult patients with respect to fracture healing, stability, pain, and functional recovery. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed from database inception until November 2025 on the topic of evaluating 3D-printed technology to create casts, splints, or orthoses for upper-extremity fracture immobilization. Due to heterogeneity in design, interventions, and outcome reporting, results were synthesized narratively. Of 828 articles retrieved from the initial search, 581 studies were included for screening after removing duplicate articles, and underwent title and abstract screening, with 32 full-text studies assessed for eligibility. Thirteen studies met full inclusion criteria, while 19 studies were excluded. Twelve (n = 456) were included in the result analysis as they all focused on upper-extremity fractures, all of which had a moderate-to-high risk of bias. Fracture union was reported at or near 100% across studies. Patient satisfaction generally favored 3D-printed immobilization (10/11 studies), with a non-significant large, pooled effect (Hedges' g = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.21-1.88; p = 0.085; I2 = 77.5%). Pain showed a non-significant small-to-moderate benefit (g = 0.36; 95% CI = 1.94-2.66), and functional outcomes were similar between groups (g = 0.13; 95% CI = 1.02-1.28). Skin-related outcomes more often favored 3D-printed devices (7/9 studies), with reduced irritation and hygiene burden, while device weight was consistently lower, but cost and production time were higher. 3D-printed immobilization devices show comparable fracture healing and improved patient satisfaction and skin tolerability compared with conventional casting, with early functional advantages that are not consistently sustained long term. However, the evidence is limited by small sample sizes, short follow-up, moderate-to-high risk of bias, and substantial heterogeneity, resulting in low-to-moderate certainty. Larger, high-quality randomized trials with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these findings and inform clinical recommendations. Protocol registered prospectively in an international systematic review registry (PROSPERO) (registration number: CRD420251182244).
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of dental implants with a triangular neck, focusing on 1-year marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant survival rate. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) was completed on June 8, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective and prospective studies, and case series that studied ≥ 10 implants, reporting on triangular-neck implants, were included. The Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool was used for RCTs, and the Joanna Briggs Institute case series checklist was used for nonrandomized studies. The results were summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess robustness. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to determine the certainty of evidence. The search provided 115 titles after removal of duplicates. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, five of which provided sufficient data for quantitative synthesis. The pooled analysis demonstrated a 1-year mean MBL of 0.35 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.46; heterogeneity; I2 = 23.2%; p = 0.25) and an implant survival rate of 97.8% (95% CI: 95.4%-99.4%; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.96). Available single-arm evidence indicates that triangular-neck implants were associated with high implant survival rates and limited marginal bone level changes during the first year of follow-up. However, the current evidence does not permit conclusions regarding comparative clinical benefits relative to other implant designs.
A hierarchical porous HKUST-1/HZSM-5 composite was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and applied for capturing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and cephalexin (CEP) from aqueous media. Comprehensive material characterizations pre- and post-adsorption, including N2 physisorption, FTIR, PXRD, TGA/DTG, XPS, FESEM, EDS, elemental mapping, and TEM analyses, confirmed successful composite integration, high crystallinity, and thermal stability. Integrating hierarchical HZSM-5 significantly modified the HKUST-1 morphology and pore architecture, generating a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure with a mesopore volume of 0.492 cm3/g, compared to 0.034 cm3/g for pristine HKUST-1. This enhanced total pore volume (0.767 cm3/g) and mean pore diameter (18.436 nm) facilitated mass transfer and superior adsorption performance. Batch adsorption experiments ascertained the effects of adsorbent dose, pH, ionic strength, contact time, initial pollutant concentration, and temperature. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 > 0.930), which signifies chemisorption as the dominant rate-controlling mechanism, enabling rapid contaminant removal within 30 min. Equilibrium data were best described by the Redlich-Peterson isotherm model (R2 > 0.980), suggesting heterogeneous surface adsorption involving both monolayer and nonideal interactions. The composite demonstrated exceptional maximum uptake capacities of 1053.3 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 902.7 mg/g for CEP (at 0.1 g/L adsorbent dose, pH 7.0 ± 0.1, and temperature 298 ± 1 K), significantly outperforming bare HKUST-1 and HZSM-5. Thermodynamic analyses revealed a spontaneous, exothermic process driven by pore-filling, complexation, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π electron donor-acceptor/stacking interactions. The composite maintained robust capacities during binary coadsorption experiments despite competitive effects, and exhibited satisfactory performance in spiked real-water matrices, confirming practical applicability. Furthermore, the material presented excellent reusability, with capacity losses of only 21.0 and 13.5% for Cr(VI) and CEP, respectively, after five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The remarkable uptake capacity, hierarchical porosity, and robust stability highlight HKUST-1/HZSM-5 as a highly efficient adsorbent for advanced wastewater remediation.