搜索结果：Owners

Lead is a persistent environmental toxicant associated with adverse neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes, with children particularly vulnerable due to heightened exposure and biological susceptibility. Although population blood lead levels in U.S. children have declined substantially, a large proportion remain above levels associated with harm, indicating ongoing exposure from additional sources. Firearms use lead-based ammunition and primers and discharging a firearm releases lead particles that can be inhaled or transported into residential environments via take-home contamination. To examine whether firearm ownership and storage practices were prospectively associated with children's blood lead levels and residential dust lead. In the HOME Study (Cincinnati, Ohio, enrolled 2003-2006), blood lead levels (µg/L; 10 µg/L = 1 µg/dL) were measured at ages 12, 24, and 36 months (n = 323) and floor dust lead (µg/ft²) at baseline, 12, and 24 months (n = 316). Caregivers reported firearm ownership, number of firearms, and storage practices during pregnancy. We fit generalized estimating equations to log₂-transformed blood lead levels and log₁₀-transformed dust lead, adjusting for income, race/ethnicity, flooring, cleanliness, maternal age, and child sex. Among firearm owners (n = 57-59 per analysis), homes where firearms were not stored or locked had 29-84% higher dust lead at baseline through age 24 months and children had ~20% higher blood lead levels at ages 12-36 months. Associations between firearm ownership and dust and blood lead levels appeared mostly null. Among firearm owners, less safe storage was associated with higher floor dust and child blood lead levels, though some results were imprecise. Safe firearm and ammunition storage may reduce pediatric lead exposure in gun-owning households. This prospective birth cohort study evaluates household firearms and storage practices as an understudied source of pediatric exposure. Using repeated measures of children's blood and residential floor dust lead concentrations, we examined whether firearm ownership and firearm/ammunition storage practices during pregnancy were associated with lead biomarkers from birth through 36 months. Findings suggest that, among firearm-owning households, less secure storage practices are associated with higher residential dust lead and higher child blood lead levels. These results highlight a potentially modifiable exposure pathway relevant to environmental exposure science and pediatric lead prevention.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed oncology in human medicine, providing clinical benefit in a broad spectrum of cancers. Widely available ICIs for dogs are lacking. Evaluate efficacy and safety of gilvetmab, a caninized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Fifty-one client-owned dogs were evaluated, 25 with stages II-III melanoma and 26 with stages I-III mast cell tumor (MCT). Fifteen dogs with stages III-V lymphoma were also evaluated. Multi-institutional, open-label study. Enrolled dogs were treated with gilvetmab IV at 6 mg/kg q28d or 10 mg/kg q14d; 8 dogs receiving the lower dosage underwent dose escalation with their owners' consent. Safety was evaluated by physical examinations, laboratory testing, and clinical observations made by veterinarians or the dogs' owners. Efficacy was assessed by objective response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP) using cRECIST v1.0 and lymphoma response criteria. For melanoma, the ORR was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7%-41%) and median TTP was 56 days. For MCT, the ORR was 46% (95% CI, 27%-67%) and median TTP was not reached. No objective responses were observed in dogs with lymphoma. Serious adverse events of anaphylaxis, hypotension, or tumor hemorrhage occurred in 3 dogs (3/51, 5.9%). Tumor enlargement before regression, consistent with possible pseudoprogression, was observed in 2 dogs with melanoma. Gilvetmab has a reasonable expectation of efficacy and an acceptable preliminary safety profile in dogs with MCT stages I-III and melanoma stages II and III.

Historical redlining may contribute to racial inequities in cardiovascular health. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the influence of historical redlining on blood pressure (BP) and its changes over time, and to understand the role contemporary residential segregation plays in this relationship. Using the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), this study examined associations between redlining, measured using 1930s Home Owners' Loan Corporation grades, and repeated BP measures. We used race/ethnicity-stratified 3-level mixed-effects models to assess associations between redlining and average BP, as well as changes in BP, across 6 follow-up examinations from 2000 to 2018, accounting for time-varying sociodemographic and health factors. The sample included 4774 adults with a mean baseline age of 61.9 years; the racial/ethnic composition was 26.7% Black, 23.9% Hispanic, 13.3% Chinese, and 36.1% White. Independent of sociodemographic factors, Black participants in redlined neighborhoods graded D had 7.26 mm Hg higher average systolic BP (95% CI, 0.99-13.54) and 3.62 mm Hg higher average diastolic BP (95% CI, 0.64-6.60), compared with those in non-redlined tracts graded A. Contemporary residential segregation modified this association such that the increase was larger in currently segregated Black neighborhoods. When assessing BP changes, we found that the difference in systolic BP for participants in D-graded neighborhoods decreased among Black participants over follow-up. There was no statistically significant association with average BP or BP changes in other racial/ethnic groups. These findings demonstrated that historical discriminatory policies may have a harmful impact on BP outcomes among Black adults in the United States.

The political and regulatory environment in which people live can have profound impacts on health and wellbeing through practices that prioritise commercial development and interest over public health. For Aboriginal People, this is further undermined through corporate influence over Aboriginal autonomy, political and social participation, cultural preservation, economic and land control and, free prior and informed consent and decision-making capacity over their interests, referred to as self-determination. This study applies a content analysis to understand the intersection of this issue within media discourse focused on the Northern Territory of Australia. Articles were located through Factiva and Newsbank searches targeting commercial activities from the extractive resource, alcohol, and food industries that impact Aboriginal People and/or Communities from 2015 to 2025. One hundred and sixty-one articles were included in the analysis. The dominant narrative identified in the media articles focused on the economic contributions commercial development provided to Aboriginal Peoples (more commonly found in commercial news outlets and trade magazines), while a prominent counter-narrative focused on harm to Country and failures to consult Traditional Owners (more common in articles by the public broadcaster and Indigenous-owned media). Our findings challenge the notion of a single-victim narrative by illustrating how multiple stakeholders (i.e. industry, government, media, and at times civil society) collectively influence public discourse, which can either hinder or promote self-determination. Further, centring self-determination requires a suspension of assumptions about what is best for Aboriginal Peoples.

Radiological practices are highly specialized medical facilities that care for patients with special requirements on a daily basis. Many patients are elderly, have limited mobility, or are under the influence of medication. At the same time, technical equipment such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) systems pose special risks. The following article shows typical sources of danger, deals with the legal framework for avoiding health impairments for patients before, during, and after radiological treatment and examination, and gives the owners of radiological practices appropriate recommendations for risk and liability management. In radiology practices, there are a large number of liability risks, which can be minimized by a consistently implemented quality management system, structured standard operating procedures (SOPs), preventive measures and, among other things, with a pronounced safety culture. HINTERGRUND: Radiologische Praxen sind hochspezialisierte medizinische Einrichtungen, die täglich Patienten mit besonderen Anforderungen betreuen. Viele Patientinnen und Patienten sind älter, eingeschränkt mobil oder stehen unter Medikamenteneinfluss. Gleichzeitig entstehen durch technische Geräte wie MRT- und CT-Anlagen besondere Risiken. Der nachfolgende Beitrag zeigt typische Gefahrenquellen auf, befasst sich mit den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zur Vermeidung von Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigungen bei den Patienten vor, während und nach der radiologischen Behandlung und Untersuchung und gibt den Inhabern von radiologischen Praxen entsprechende Empfehlungen für ein Risiko- und Haftungsmanagement. In radiologischen Praxen existiert eine Vielzahl an Haftungsrisiken, die durch ein konsequent umgesetztes Qualitätsmanagementsystem, strukturierte Standardarbeitsanweisungen (SOPs), präventive Maßnahmen und u. a. mit einer ausgeprägten Sicherheitskultur minimiert werden können.

Actinomycosis in cattle is often detected late and is usually too advanced by that point to be successfully treated. Five cases referred to the Ruminant Clinic were reviewed as part of this case series. The aim of this review was to highlight the differences and similarities among the cases, as well as their clinical courses. The recommendation to the livestock owners in cases 1 and 2 was to slaughter the animals due to the advanced stage of the disease. Cases 3 and 4 involved animals in which the changes were detected early and could therefore be treated. The diagnosis in case 5 was confirmed by computed tomography, and the head was examined pathologically after slaughter. In addition to clinical examination, radiological imaging was the method of choice for diagnosing actinomycosis in vivo in all cases. Die Aktinomykose beim Rind wird oft spät bemerkt und ist dann meist zu weit fortgeschritten, um noch erfolgreich therapiert zu werden. Fünf an die Wiederkäuerklinik überwiesene Fälle wurden im Rahmen dieser Fallserie aufgearbeitet. Ziel dieser Aufarbeitung war es, die Unterschiedlichkeit bzw. Gemeinsamkeiten der Fälle, wie auch ihre Verlaufsformen aufzuzeigen. Die Empfehlung an die Tierhaltenden der Fälle 1 und 2 war eine Schlachtung der Tiere aufgrund der ­fortgeschrittenen Erkrankung. Bei den Fällen 3 und 4 handelte es sich um Tiere, bei denen die Veränderungen früh erkannt wurden und die deshalb therapiert werden konnten. Die Diagnose im Fall 5 wurde mittels Computertomographie gesichert und der Kopf konnte nach der Schlachtung pathologisch untersucht werden. Zusätzlich zur klinischen Untersuchung war die radiologische Bildgebung in allen Fällen die Methode der Wahl zur Diagnose der Aktinomykose intra vitam. Chez les bovins, l’actinomycose est souvent détectée tardivement et se trouve généralement à un stade trop avancé pour pouvoir être traitée avec succès. Cinq cas référés à la Clinique des ruminants ont été examinés dans le cadre de cette série. L’objectif de cette étude était de mettre en évidence les différences et les similitudes entre ces cas, ainsi que leur évolution clinique. Dans les cas 1 et 2, il a été recommandé aux éleveurs d’abattre les animaux en raison du stade avancé de la maladie. Les cas 3 et 4 concernaient des animaux chez lesquels les altérations avaient été détectées précocement et pouvaient donc être traitées. Le diagnostic dans le cas 5 a été confirmé par tomodensitométrie et la tête a fait l’objet d’un examen pathologique après l’abattage. Outre l’examen clinique, l’imagerie radiologique a été la méthode de choix pour diagnostiquer l’actinomycose in vivo dans tous les cas. L’actinomicosi nei bovini viene spesso diagnosticata tardivamente ed è generalmente troppo avanzata per essere trattata con successo. Cinque casi riferiti alla Clinica dei Ruminanti sono stati esaminati nell’ambito di questa serie di casi. L’obiettivo della revisione era evidenziare le differenze e le somiglianze tra i casi, nonché il loro decorso clinico. Nei casi 1 e 2 è stato raccomandato ai proprietari degli animali di procedere con la macellazione a causa dello stadio avanzato della malattia. I casi 3 e 4 riguardavano animali in cui le alterazioni sono state rilevate precocemente e che pertanto hanno potuto essere trattati. La diagnosi nel caso 5 è stata confermata mediante tomografia computerizzata e la testa è stata esaminata patologicamente dopo la macellazione. Oltre all’esame clinico, l’imaging radiologico è risultato il metodo di scelta per la diagnosi in vivo dell’actinomicosi in tutti i casi.

To identify the main barriers to the delivery of contextualised care in UK small animal veterinary practice, and to understand how these are experienced in practice. The term contextualised care was introduced in the veterinary context in a published article by members of Veterinary Humanities UK. Although the term has been widely adopted there has been no explicit research into contextualised care in practice. This paper presents the first empirical evidence using quantitative and qualitative data on the barriers to contextualised care as perceived by over 400 veterinary professionals and over 700 dog and cat owners. This evidence should help veterinary teams to identify potential barriers to the delivery of contextualised care. The study used a mixed methods approach analysing data from questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. The most frequently reported barriers related to lack of continuity of care and financial constraints, but the research also found that fear of regulatory scrutiny, missed or incorrect diagnoses, and client complaints could act as a barrier to adapting care to the individual animal, owner, and context. The study found some variation in the barriers encountered based on experience, role, and practice type. Overcoming the barriers to contextualised care will require support at all levels, including from professional bodies, educators, and those with leadership positions in veterinary practice. This research should help veterinary teams to overcome potential barriers to the delivery of contextualised care.

In an era where technological advancements and work-life integration significantly shape the professional landscape, understanding their impact on individual job satisfaction and well-being is crucial, particularly for self-employed business owners. This study explores the effects of digitalization, autonomy, work-life balance, work engagement, and burnout on the job satisfaction and well-being of the self-employed. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 12,703 respondents from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020), this research offers comprehensive insights into the unique challenges faced by this demographic. The findings indicate that digitalization and automation significantly increase technology anxiety. In contrast, leadership autonomy and responsibility enhance job satisfaction but adversely impact well-being. Work-life interference negatively affects job satisfaction and well-being but positively correlates with burnout. Conversely, life-work interference positively influences job satisfaction but negatively impacts work engagement. Both work engagement and job satisfaction positively affect well-being, while burnout shows a negative relationship. Notably, work-life time balance positively influences job satisfaction and well-being, and overtime work has a surprisingly positive effect on these aspects. This research contributes to existing literature by underscoring the distinct experiences of the self-employed in the digital age, laying a groundwork for future research.

DNA offers the promise of high-density, long-term storage, yet current systems face limitations due to polymerase chain reaction-based manual workflows that are inherently slow, error prone, and difficult to scale for practical applications. Here, we present an electric field-guided DNA pool elongation system that addresses these challenges through molecular data control. Our electric field-driven DNA memory chip integrates immobilization for encoding with reusable synthesis access capabilities. Electric field-driven primer access and DNA synthesis were evaluated through position-specific primer hybridization combined with elongation at room temperature, maintaining high fidelity while dramatically reducing access times. This electric field-driven approach exhibited linear degradation, projected to exceed 105 reuse cycles. Using this method with a common primer, we successfully stored and retrieved different DNA pools, enabling one-step next-generation sequencing library preparation. We further retrieved a 0.2-megabyte three-dimensional object encoded in 1339 unique strands, achieving 96.6% perfect matching. The system demonstrates chip-level capacities approaching 1.1 × 109 molecules per electrode, representing a significant advancement toward practical, scalable DNA data storage.

A compact multi-layer silicon beta-ray spectrometer (SBS) has been developed for beta spectrometry and dosimetry in the beta-gamma mixed fields at Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear plants. Accurate determination of beta fluence spectra from SBS pulse-height data is challenging due to partial energy deposition within each detector. In this work, we present a simulation-based application of Fully Bayesian Unfolding (FBU) to SBS, leveraging Monte Carlo-derived response matrices under anti-coincidence/coincidence conditions. The FBU approach, implemented in Python using PyMC, provides full posterior distributions and credible intervals for unfolded spectra. Performance was evaluated using Geant4 simulations for beta-only and beta-gamma mixed fields with beta-to-gamma source particle ratios from 1 to 0.01. For ratios ⩾ 0.1, the mean unfolded-to-truth ratio for beta fluence above 0.1 MeV was within 20% of unity. The results demonstrate promising fluence unfolding for the SBS, enabling reliable beta fluence spectrum measurements in the beta-gamma mixed radiation fields while providing valuable insights into the gamma component of the field, even at low count rates and low beta-to-gamma ratios. These results demonstrate the feasibility of FBU for SBS, enabling improved beta-gamma discrimination and uncertainty quantification. Future work will focus on optimization of the algorithm to improve the accuracy and efficiency to achieve real-time unfolding for practical measurements.

暂无摘要（点击查看详情）

暂无摘要（点击查看详情）

暂无摘要（点击查看详情）

A 1-year-old domestic cat was presented with lameness and progressive swelling of the right stifle joint. The condition had been present for 1 month; during the consultation, it was evident that the cat was not bearing weight on the limb, which also exhibited muscle atrophy and tremors, as well as signs of pain upon manipulation. After sedation, crepitus was noted at the femorotibial-patellar joint. Radiographic examination showed osteolysis, and during clinical exploration, tumor cells destroying the joint were confirmed by cytology. Surgical excision was performed via limb amputation, and the mass was found to measure 3 × 5 × 3 cm. Histopathological analysis showed a biphasic neoplasm composed of spindle-shaped mesenchymal-like cells and large epithelial-like cells. Normal joint structures, including the capsule and articular cartilage, were completely effaced by neoplastic infiltration, including similar neoplastic changes in distal femur and proximal tibia epiphyses, metaphyses and diaphyses. Tumor cells were immunopositive for either vimentin or cytokeratin. Based on the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant synovial and perisynovial neoplasm. The cat died 3 months after surgery; at the owner's request, no post-mortem examination was conducted.  To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of malignant synovial and perisynovial neoplasia diagnosed in a juvenile cat in accordance with the 2020 WHO classification. This case provides new insights into the histopathological findings of this rare tumor type in feline patients. Rare joint cancer in a young cat A 1-year-old domestic cat was examined because of lameness and progressive swelling of the right stifle joint that had been present for about 1 month. The cat was unable to bear weight on the limb and showed muscle loss, tremors and pain when the joint was moved. Imaging showed bone destruction around the joint. Examination of cells collected from the joint indicated the presence of a tumor. The affected limb was surgically removed, and the mass measured 3 × 5 × 3 cm. Microscopic examination showed an invasive cancer made up of two different types of tumor cells that had destroyed the normal structures of the joint and extended into the surrounding bones. Additional tests confirmed that the tumor was a malignant synovial and perisynovial neoplasm, according to the 2020 World Health Organization classification. The cat died 3 months after surgery. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of this type of joint cancer in a young cat diagnosed using the current classification system.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) imposes a considerable burden on patients and their families while also exerting economic pressure on high-prevalence countries. This retrospective cohort study estimated the societal cost of SCD in England, including productivity loss (PL) and loss of future income (LFI). In this retrospective cohort study, individuals aged ≥ 12 years with SCD were identified between 01 April 2007 and 31 March 2019 using linked healthcare data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum, Hospital Episode Statistics, and Office for National Statistics death registrations. PL was calculated based on time spent hospitalised, attending healthcare appointments, or on certified sick days, using average wages for England stratified by age for the same year the PL occurred. LFI due to unemployment, medical retirement, or death was calculated from the age at first occurrence until age 68 years. Average annual earnings for FY2021/2022 were applied by age decile and discounted at 3.5%. Expected income increased with age decile. Overall, 9,272 patients with SCD were included, with a mean age of 35.5 years and a median follow-up of 7 years. Mean annualised (per patient per year [PPPY]) productive time lost due to hospital stays was 5.5 days. Individuals spent 2.7 days PPPY in outpatient care, 3.6 days PPPY attending primary care appointments, 3.3 days PPPY in emergency departments, and 2.2 days PPPY sick at home. The mean annualised PL for these sickness and healthcare attendances was £1,821 PPPY, equivalent to 3.1 weeks of average UK weekly earnings in 2021. For the 6% of patients (555/9,272) who experienced an LFI event, they were estimated to lose an average of £511,236 over their lifetime. Patients with SCD and their families had an estimated PL equivalent to 3.1 weeks of average UK weekly earnings in 2021 per individual annually. For patients with SCD who died or were incapacitated before retirement age, lifetime LFI was more than half a million pounds. Not applicable.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to support predictive, mechanistic, and human-relevant toxicology at scale. However, its integration into regulatory science - particularly in drug development - remains uneven, because encouraging technical performance has not yet translated automatically into regulatory trust. Representative AI toxicology studies now span datasets from roughly 103 chemicals to >3 × 104 peptide or chemical records and report performance ranging from modest in prospective screening settings to strong on narrower, well-curated endpoints. This manuscript presents a critical analysis of the dual nature of AI in toxicology. We review the state of the art in AI-enabled applications, ranging from Green Toxicology and the Human Exposome to specific challenges in safety assessment for biologics and synthetic peptides. Particular attention is given to the gap between rapid model development and regulatory acceptance, highlighted by the challenges of model interpretability, dataset bias, insufficient external validation, and the assessment of complex endpoints like immunogenicity. To navigate these complexities, we discuss the next-generation "e-validation" framework and emphasize the TREAT principle - Trustworthiness, Reproducibility, Explainability, Applicability, and Transparency - as a foundation for building regulatory trust. We hypothesize that AI-based methods in toxicology can achieve regulatory acceptance when they satisfy the TREAT criteria and undergo continuous e-validation within a clearly defined context of use. This framework distinguishes credible AI applications from "snake oil" by establishing measurable criteria for trust-building, including dataset provenance, external validation, uncertainty characterization, and life-cycle monitoring. We argue that AI is neither a miracle cure nor a technological illusion, but a powerful evidence engine that can contribute to a more predictive and ethical toxicological science when it is rigorously validated.