Surface-mediated electron transfer with excellent resistance to salt interference has been widely applied in the pretreatment of high-salinity organic wastewater. However, traditional two-electron transfer process often forms polymers, resulting in additional economic cost for subsequent purification of salt with impurities. Herein, we proposed a chloride-induced dynamic diatomic reconstruction strategy to upcycle anti-salt interference into in-situ salt utilization for the treatment of high-salinity organic wastewater. The dynamic reconstruction system enabled an unprecedented surface-mediated three-electron transfer that efficiently mineralized refractory contaminants into low-toxicity small molecules, thus avoiding the formation of polymers and halogenated byproducts. By taking advantage of three-electron transfer, the diatomic reconstructor achieved a normalized rate constant k-value exceeding 259.0 min⁻ (Zhang et al., 2024) M⁻ (Zhang et al., 2024) for various typical contaminants, surpassing most of the state-of-the-art catalysts. Only US$0.30 per ton of treatment cost and low environmental impact confirmed scalability and practical applicability. This work developed a novel salt-driven dynamic wastewater treatment approach, enabling sustainable and cost-effective cleanup of high-salinity organic wastewater.
Developing hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for highly efficient Xe/Kr separation is an attractive alternative for producing high-purity noble gases. However, its practical application is hampered by insufficient binding sites and intrinsically slow adsorption kinetics. We herein report a microporous HOF (HOF-TBPDM) featuring the unique two-dimensional (2D) and size-matched pore architecture, which enables the rapid diffusion of Xe and high-efficiency Xe/Kr separation. Specifically, HOF-TBPDM achieves a high Xe uptake and a record Xe/Kr IAST selectivity (26.9) at 298 K and 1 bar. Especially, the kinetic adsorption results confirm the 2D pores lead to the rapid Xe diffusion rate. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that after one cycle of separation operation 4.8 mol kg-1 high-purity Kr (>99.99%) and 1.0 mol kg-1 Xe (>99.9%) can be directly obtained. The dynamic selectivity calculated from desorption process is as high as 16.5, which exceeds all the reported porous organic materials. Gas-loaded crystal data combined with molecular modeling clearly reveal that the size-matched pores within HOF-TBPDM induce a stronger polarization effect on Xe than Kr, leading to preferential binding of Xe molecules. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of 2D pore in HOFs for balancing thermodynamic adsorption and kinetic diffusion, providing a viable strategy for advanced Xe/Kr separation.
CO2 conversion to value-added fuels and chemicals under photocatalytic conversion is a sustainable solution towards reducing the increasing carbon emission in the atmosphere as well as aiding in clean energy production. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), which are comprised of transition-metal nodes and multifunctional organic linkers have been found to be highly promising photocatalysts in CO2 reduction as they have a high surface area, structural, and CO2 adsorption capacity. Their photoresponsive property, caused by the transfer of the ligand-to-metal charge, or metal-oxo cluster excitation permits the effective generation and separation of charge carriers, necessary to drive multi-electron reduction reactions of CO2. This review offers a detailed description of the state-of-the-art MOF-based systems on the photoreduction of CO2 to major products of CH4, CH3OH, HCOOH, and CO. Specific attention is paid to the functionalization of linkers, deposition of metal nanoparticles, heterojunction, and co-catalysts engineering, which have a considerable impact on increasing its activity and selectivity of products. The mechanistic knowledge behind charge transfer, intermediate stabilization, and adsorption phenomena are explained in detail. Besides this, the review demonstrates the prevailing bottlenecks, such as charge recombination, low quantum yields, and poor long-term stability, and how machine learning methods could be used to speed up the prediction and optimization of high-performance MOF photocatalysts. Overall, MOFs still have an enormous potential in solar-based CO2 valorization, but improvements in stability and reactor integration are required before they can be used in practice.
The subduction organic carbon (OC) flux is closely linked with seafloor sedimentation processes. In hadal trenches, sediment transport and resuspension caused by turbidity events provide rapid feedback of subducting carbon fate to seafloor sedimentation dynamics. Here we demonstrate that sediment sorting creates distinct OC burial patterns in the Japan Trench: Prolonged seafloor residence enables preferential removal of labile OC components and result in a refractory subsurface OC pool. Conversely, rapid sediment burial shortens seafloor residence time and promotes subsurface anaerobic OC degradation. We further suggest that these mechanisms result in at least 37.6% loss of the OC subduction flux in accretionary margins due to early diagenetic and thermal alteration processes, while erosive margins only loss 11% during subduction and preferentially transfer thermally stable OC into subduction zones. Our work bridges surficial depositional regimes and deep carbon transfer, highlighting the need to consider depositional settings when refining subduction zone carbon budgets.
The increasing demand for sustainable materials capable of addressing both water and air pollution has stimulated the search for multifunctional MOFs with integrated properties. Herein, we report the solvothermal synthesis of a novel Zn(II) MOF PCP-35 constructed from a cyclotriphosphazene-based hexacarboxylic acid ligand (H6L) and a bisterpyridine (bisterp.) N-donor. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a robust three-dimensional (3D) framework, in which Zn-O bonds from the phosphazene-derived hexacarboxylate units and Zn-N bonds from the bisterp. ligands generate interconnected porous channels, while pronounced π-π stacking interactions between the bisterp. ligands further stabilize the architecture, reflecting a rational ligand-design strategy. The material was thoroughly characterized by PXRD, FTIR, TGA, UV-vis DRS, SEM, and solid-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. The multifunctional nature of this Zn(II)-based framework is reflected in its dual performance: under visible-light irradiation, it efficiently catalyzes the degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange and rhodamine B, achieving over 90% degradation within one hour and maintaining stability across multiple cycles; in addition, its strong luminescence response allows for selective sensing of volatile organic compounds, particularly aldehydes, through distinct fluorescence quenching and enhancement behaviors. This dual functionality, arising from the synergistic interplay of the robust phosphazene scaffold and the conjugated bisterp. pillar, highlights the potential of Zn(II) MOFs as versatile platforms for environmental remediation and chemical sensing.
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), characterized by its non-invasiveness and high tissue penetration depth, has emerged as a promising novel antitumor treatment modality. Nevertheless, the development of efficient sonosensitizers for SDT still poses a challenge. In this study, a covalent organic framework based on zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc-COF) was synthesized. It was discovered that ZnPc-COF exhibited significantly enhanced sonodynamic activity compared to free ZnPc. This study focuses on the adverse impacts of highly expressed HIF-1α at tumor sites on tumor treatment. Therefore, by leveraging the porous structure of ZnPc-COF, we adsorbed HIF-1α inhibitor apigenin (API) and modified the surface of ZnPc-COF with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the targeting peptide TAT (trans-activator of transcription) to obtain the final product ZnPc-COF/API@DSPE-TAT. The research indicates that ZnPc-COF/API@DSPE-TAT possesses excellent sonodynamic activity and demonstrates a combined cytotoxic effect of SDT and API. In in vivo experiments, it was confirmed that ZnPc-COF/API@DSPE-TAT has remarkable tumor-targeting ability, significantly reduces HIF-1α level in tumors, and can effectively inhibit tumor growth. The construction mechanism and combined antitumor strategy of ZnPc-COF/API@DSPE-TAT offer theoretical and practical guidance for the development of new sonosensitizers.
Developing energy-efficient technologies for purifying propylene (C3H6) from a ternary C3 hydrocarbon mixture is critically important but remains unexploited in porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Herein, two single-crystalline 3D COFs with uniform octahedral morphologies, TAM-TFTB-COF and TATB-TFS-COF, were synthesized via Schiff-base condensation of Td-symmetric building blocks. Both COFs display isostructural 3-fold interpenetrated dia-b networks based on 3D electron diffraction analysis, complemented by powder X-ray diffraction data and theoretical simulations. The N2 sorption isotherms of desolvated TAM-TFTB-COF and TATB-TFS-COF at 77 K exhibit type I sorption behavior with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas up to 2899 m2 g-1, among the top 3D imine-linked COFs. The activated TAM-TFTB-COF and TATB-TFS-COF show remarkably higher adsorption capacities for C3H4 (294.8 cm3 g-1) and C3H8 (205.2 cm3 g-1) than for C3H6 (173.4 cm3 g-1) for the former species and 246.6, 175.2, and 155.4 cm3 g-1 for the latter at 298 K and 1 bar. This endows the activated COFs with a one-step C3H6 purification capability from a C3H4/C3H6/C3H8 ternary mixture at 298 K according to single-component adsorption and dynamic breakthrough experimental results. On the basis of theoretical calculations, such a one-step C3H6 purification originates from the more intense multipoint supramolecular interactions of the framework with C3H4 and C3H8 than with C3H6 together with the favorable shape matching between the pores of the framework and C3H8. This work offers valuable insights for guiding the design of next-generation adsorbents for high-value gas purification.
Chronic tetracycline (TET) exposure in water/food triggers drug resistance, immune damage and allergies, requiring rapid, sensitive TET detection to safeguard food and human safety. Herein, a novel photoelectric active multivariate copper-based metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) constructed from tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP) (denoted as Cu-TCPP/TPyP) was employed as the bioplatform for the fabrication of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor for the efficient detection of TET. The Cu-TCPP/TPyP was synthesized via the coprecipitation method using TCPP and TPyP as dual ligands and copper ions as the metal precursor. Due to the dual-coordination metal nodes, the attained Cu-TCPP/TPyP possessed rich defects, large pore size, and high specific surface area relative to Cu-MOFs prepared using the sole ligand. The Cu-TCPP/TPyP also showed enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency due to the suppressed combination of electron-hole pair, enhanced visible light utilization, and high carrier density. The manufactured Cu-TCPP/TPyP-based PEC aptasensor thus exhibited the ultralow limit of detection of 0.76 fg mL-1 toward TET within the concentration from 1 fg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1, markedly lower than most reported TET biosensors. In view of the high selectivity, good reproducibility, and high long-term stability, the constructed aptasensor possesses wide practicability for the sensitive determination of TET in diverse samples, which was also confirmed by the standard conventional determination method. The presented PEC aptasensor puts forward the advancement of the MOF-based biosensor in the field of the analysis of food safety.
The stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) is fundamental to the integrity of agricultural carbon credits but remains challenging to verify and predict. A persistent methodological challenge lies in isolating the specific effect of soil pH amelioration from confounding factors like organic matter inputs. Here, by applying bivariate linear mixed-effects modelling to a global synthesis of 180 field trials, we quantitatively disentangled the effects of pH amelioration on SOC components across a stability continuum from bulk soils to aggregate fractions. The results showed that pH amelioration enhanced bulk SOC stocks by 18%-20%, with mineral-associated organic carbon and microbial necromass carbon significantly increasing by 11%-15% and 12%-19%, respectively. Simultaneously, pH amelioration restructured soil architecture toward enhanced aggregate stability, preferentially enriching carbon within microaggregates (by up to 44% in alkaline soils). Structural equation modelling confirmed that this process is hierarchically driven by pH-induced shifts in microbial biomass and aggregate stability. The pH amelioration-shared increment in particulate organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon tended to attenuate with prolonged experimental duration, while that in microbial necromass carbon remained invariant. Across organic substitution types, pH amelioration under manure substitution significantly increased all carbon components, while straw substitution exhibited a weaker pH amelioration-shared effect on particulate organic carbon increment compared to biochar and manure. Our findings suggest that pH amelioration is a fundamental process that engineers persistent carbon sinks by directing carbon flow into mineral-stabilized and physically protected pools. This work repositions precision pH management as an essential ecological engineering strategy and provides a mechanistic foundation for transitioning carbon credit protocols from stock-based accounting to stability-centric verification.
The Pt butterfly complexes, [{Pt(Cz-C∧C*im)(μ-Rpz)}2] (HC∧C* = 1-(4-(carbazolyl) phenyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene; Rpz = pyrazolate (pz) 1; 4-fluoropyrazolate (4-Fpz) 2; 4-trifluoromethylpyrazolate (4-CF3pz) 3), with a carbazole-appended cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene (Cz-C∧C*im) in the wings, were prepared and characterized. DFT and TD-DFT calculations show the prevalent 1/3ILCT character of the lowest-energy absorptions and emissions of these phosphorescent complexes. In 5 wt % PMMA films, complexes 1-3 exhibit blue phosphorescence with photoluminescence quantum yield up to 0.99, even in air. The Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of their emission are in the blue corner, being "pure-blue" (CIEx+y < 0.3) in the case of 1. In view of these properties, these complexes were used to prepare OLEDs, with the best-performing devices achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.26% and maximum luminance of 2357.7 cd m-2 with cyan electroluminescence (CIEx,y = 0.14, 0.46).
Single-emission fluorescent sensors are susceptible to environmental interference, which limits their application in complicated detection systems. In this study, a dual-emission lanthanide-functionalized MOF hybrid (Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1) [Cd-MOF-1: {[Cd5(Htphca)2(H2O)6]·7H2O}n (H6tphca = 1,1':3,1″-terphenyl -2,2″,4',5,5″,6'-hexacarboxylic acid)] was fabricated by taking Cd-MOF-1 as the pristine framework, and Eu3+ ions were introduced into its frameworks through a simple and non-destructive coordinated post-synthesis modification (PSM) strategy. Crystallographic studies revealed that Cd-MOF-1 displayed a 2D layerpillared 3D framework in which the Cd2+ layers with the mixed carboxylate and oxygen bridges are interconnected by the Htphca5- ligands. Cd-MOF-1 exhibited good water and chemical stability. Furthermore, Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 also exhibited excellent solvent stability and a wide pH durability over the range of pH 2-12. More interestingly, Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 presented two distinct emission peaks at 424 nm and 616 nm, which were attributed to the ligand-based fluorescence emission and the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions, respectively. As expected, Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 can act as a stable dual-emission fluorescence sensor for detecting Fe3+ and Cr3+, with the low limit of detection (LOD) values and rapid response time, in which the two emission peaks were completely quenched by Fe3+, whereas only Eu3+ characteristic emission was quenched by Cr3+, showing a ratiometric fluorescence detection behavior. In addition, Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 could also achieve rapid detection of antibiotics (ornidazole: ODZ; metronidazole: MDZ) in water through the quenching effect. The detection process exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity, with high quenching efficiencies Ksv and low LODs. Moreover, the sensing mechanism was investigated by PXRD, UV-vis absorption, fluorescence lifetime and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 after adding Fe3+ arises from the synergistic effects of energy absorption competition and the weak interaction between Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 and Fe3+ ions. Meanwhile, the fluorescence response of Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 toward Cr3+ was mainly attributed to the coordination interaction between Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 and Cr3+ ions. Furthermore, the quenching of Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 with ODZ and MDZ was caused by the photo-induced electron transfer process (PET) and energy competition absorption. Additionally, a mixed-matrix film based on Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1 (PVDF/Eu3+@Cd-MOF-1) was fabricated, which could be used as a portable and convenient approach for visual detection of metal ions (Fe3+, Cr3+) and antibiotics (ODZ, MDZ). This work provided a promising MOF-based dual-emission fluorescent sensor for rapid and sensitive detection of heavy metal ions and antibiotics in the aqueous solution.
One of the biggest challenges in industrial gas purification is the separation of CO2 from C2H2. This work presents a flexible MOF, CUPMOF-70, for efficiently separating C2H2/CO2 mixtures via a unique "breathing" gating mechanism. CUPMOF-70 exhibits a relatively high C2H2 adsorption capacity (up to 59.73 cm3·g-1), especially with a much lower adsorption threshold pressure of C2H2 than that of CO2, thereby enabling effective separation of C2H2/CO2 mixtures. Strong affinity and selectivity for C2H2 are confirmed by the isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) (65.62 kJ·mol-1) and ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity (7.69). And in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments and simulations clarify the molecular-level separation mechanism, where CO2 contacts weakly while C2H2 is immobilized through numerous C-H···π and supramolecular interactions. Moreover, dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrated the actual efficient separation performance of CUPMOF-70 for the C2H2/CO2 mixtures.
Chiral organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) with intrinsic non-centrosymmetric structures have attracted considerable attention for their potential nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. However, compared to their achiral counterparts, the chirality-induced mechanism underlying their NLO effects remains unclear. This study reports for the first time a pair of Ge-based chiral OIMHs (R/S-MPz)Ge4I10 with a unique 2D [Ge4I10]2- layers, exhibiting a second-harmonic effect approximately five times greater than that of benchmark K2HPO4 (KDP). This represents the highest value achieved to date among reported chiral Ge-based OIMHs and far exceeds those observed in the organic R/S-MPz. First-principles calculations reveal that the unique [Ge4I10]2- layer, constructed by edge-shared [GeI6]4- octahedra induced by chirality, is crucial for the dominate NLO effect. By further enhancing the polarity of the organic component, this material achieves a gain record of ∼15×KDP. Our study not only expands the family of chiral Ge-based OIMHs but also elucidates the relationship between chiral motif and NLO property, providing a rational design strategy for chiral NLO materials.
ConspectusEnzymatic catalysis represents a sustainable and selective approach to chemical synthesis, yet its practical implementation is frequently limited by the instability of enzymes under cell-free conditions. Confinement─a principle fundamental to early biochemical evolution─has emerged as a key strategy for maintaining enzymatic activity in non-native environments. This has motivated the design of robust biocatalysts through the encapsulation of enzymes within synthetic porous scaffolds. Crystalline porous frameworks (CPFs), which exhibit ultrahigh porosity, tunable pore architectures, and programmable compositions, offer an ideal platform for such confinement. In this context, the in situ growth of CPFs using enzymes as nucleation sites (biotemplates) constitutes a cutting-edge strategy to fabricate enzyme-confined CPF (E@CPF) biocatalysts. Nevertheless, this approach has been constrained by two formidable challenges: the incompatibility of conventional CPF crystallization conditions with fragile enzymes and the pervasive stability-activity trade-off in the resulting heterogeneous biocatalysts.This Account outlines our strategies to overcome these barriers through the synergistic integration of molecular linkage design, pore-channel optimization, and host-guest interface engineering. We detail a biocompatible in situ synthetic methodology enabled by moderately energetic linkages─specifically Zn-N coordination and carboxylic acid dimer hydrogen bonds─which facilitate enzyme-templated crystallization of metal-organic and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks under aqueous ambient conditions. We further illustrate how reticular chemistry can be leveraged to precisely tailor pore channels and interfacial interactions between the enzyme guest and the CPF host. Such control not only facilitates substrate diffusion but also can predispose the enzyme into a catalytically favorable conformation, providing a viable pathway to overcome the classic stability-activity trade-off in heterogeneous biocatalysis. Translating these fundamental insights, we showcase functional E@CPFs systems for biocatalytic sensing, therapeutic nanodrugs, and photoenzyme coupled catalysis for environmental remediation. Finally, we discuss enduring challenges and future directions, advocating for advanced characterization, predictive design, and increased functional complexity to fully harness the potential of CPF-confined enzymes for multidisciplinary applications. This body of work offers both a strategic blueprint for hybrid biocatalyst design and a deeper understanding of enzymatic behavior under nanoconfinement.
Developing low-cost adsorbents with high selectivity and moisture resistance remains a critical challenge for the effective removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Herein, a synergistic methanol supercritical pretreatment and nitrogen-doping strategy was proposed to fabricate lignite-derived N-doped porous carbons (PNCs). Comprehensive elemental analysis and structural characterization demonstrated that the sample prepared at a pretreatment temperature of 280 °C (PNC-280) achieved an optimal balance among the degree of defect, pore architecture, surface chemistry, and hydrophobicity. After supercritical treatment, PNC-280 exhibits a specific surface area of 1033 m2/g and the highest nitrogen content (5.82%). Even at 50% relative humidity, PNC-280 was still able to retain 80% of its styrene adsorption capacity (1329 mg/g). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the adsorption energy of N-6 for styrene is -18.58 kJ/mol, while that for water is -5.43 kJ/mol, thereby reducing competition from water vapor and simultaneously increasing the affinity for styrene. This study offers a solution for enhancing the adsorption of styrene under humid conditions.
Permafrost ecosystems contain significant soil carbon stocks which could be partially decomposed and released into the atmosphere if permafrost thaws. However, their future response to climate change is uncertain due to the complex interactions between permafrost physics, hydrology, and the carbon and nitrogen cycles. In particular, the release of nitrogen from thawing permafrost is an overlooked feedback that could reduce the vegetation nitrogen limitation and enhance plant carbon uptake, affecting the future greenhouse gas balance in the Arctic. In this study, we use a new version of the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) Earth system model, called IPSL-Perm-LandN, which includes an explicit representation of the nitrogen cycle and key permafrost physical and biogeochemical processes (e.g., soil freezing, insulation by soil organic matter, cryoturbation, vertically resolved soil biogeochemistry). We performed idealised climate change simulations to isolate the impacts of CO2 fertilisation, climate change, and of increased nitrogen availability following permafrost thaw. In our model, this nitrogen-induced feedback offsets over 80% of the climate-induced permafrost soil carbon losses. It prevents an additional negative contribution of more than 10 PgC °C-1 to the global carbon-climate feedback parameter γ $$ \gamma $$ from permafrost ecosystems. Consequently, the permafrost region remains a carbon sink throughout the simulation, driven by the combined effects of CO2 fertilisation and increased nitrogen availability following thaw. However, the future vegetation carbon uptake due to increased nitrogen availability has only been quantified in a few studies and may be overestimated by our model. Therefore, its strength remains highly uncertain and care must be taken not to underestimate the permafrost carbon-climate feedback when designing climate change mitigation strategies.
The development of sustainable and highly sensitive diagnostic platforms is critical for rapid pathogen identification and effective disease management. Here, a green, magneto-electrochemical biosensing strategy is reported for the selective detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae based on pathogen-specific nuclease activity. Uniform organic-inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles were synthesized via an ultrafast UV-initiated emulsion polymerization within 5 min using an eco-friendly approach. The nanoparticles were sequentially functionalized by in situ deposition of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and biomimetic polydopamine coating, enabling robust and high-density immobilization of nuclease-responsive oligonucleotide probes. The resulting PDA@SPION/POSS nanohybrids exhibit controlled size, preserved structural integrity, and strong superparamagnetic behavior, allowing efficient magnetic manipulation and electrochemical signal transduction. Upon exposure to S. pneumoniae, nuclease-mediated probe cleavage produces a pronounced electrochemical response, enabling label-free detection over a wide dynamic range (102-10⁸ CFU mL⁻¹) with a detection limit of 102 CFU mL⁻¹. High selectivity against non-target bacteria highlights the specificity of the enzymatic recognition mechanism. This work establishes a sustainable and amplification-free biosensing platform with strong potential for rapid clinical diagnostics.
Industrial growth is generating alarming amounts of oily wastewater. Because these contaminants don't degrade readily, they threaten ecosystems and human health. Consequently, identifying efficient and cost-effective materials for separating oil from water, particularly for stable emulsions, is a critical environmental challenge that must be addressed. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials are considered among the most promising options for developing membranes. In this study, a novel gyroid-shaped 3D polyamide-graphite-MoS2 membrane (PGM@gyroid-3D membrane) was fabricated via selective laser sintering. The composition, structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the fabricated PGM@gyroid-3D membrane were characterized using multiple techniques to elucidate its properties. It was observed that graphene and MoS2 are uniformly spread on the polyamide surface. The surface exhibits low roughness and crystalline topography. The FTIR results confirm the successful creation of the PGM@gyroid-3D membrane. Tensile, compressive, and flexural tests were performed to evaluate and compare the effects of laser power on specimens fabricated from composite powder and pure PA-12. The separation efficiency of the PGM@gyroid-3D membrane for the tested oils was admirable, suggesting that this membrane is a good candidate for industrial oil-contaminated water treatment.
The rational use of carbohydrate polymers as functional matrices for integrating inorganic and organic components remains a key challenge in developing sustainable multifunctional materials. Here, a process-oriented, bio-inspired strategy for fabricating a chitosan-centred multifunctional composite coating is presented. This approach uniquely combines plasma-assisted activation of the silk surface, chitosan immobilisation, and subsequent controlled in situ generation of TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of curcumin, a naturally derived polyphenolic compound. The resulting chitosan/TiO2/curcumin composite system simultaneously imparts antibacterial, UV-shielding, and photocatalytic self-cleaning functions to the silk. Chitosan provides strong antimicrobial activity, maintaining robust bio-barrier antibacterial protection in the composite system and achieving over 99.5% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth. Curcumin acts as a TiO2 photosensitiser and charge-transfer mediator, suppressing electron-hole recombination and enabling efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity, as confirmed by accelerated Rhodamine B dye degradation and effective coffee stain removal. Complementary UV absorption by TiO2 (UV-B) and curcumin (UV-A) delivers broad-spectrum UV protection with a UV protection factor of 32.1. Overall, this work demonstrates a distinct carbohydrate polymer-driven fabrication paradigm for engineering high-performance textiles with integrated multifunctional protective properties.
The residue of phthalates (PAEs) in edible products can cause endocrine disorders in the human body. In this study, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) probe coated with fluoro-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (F-COFs) was developed for the extraction of PAEs. The synthesized F-COFs coating exhibited excellent hydrophobicity and high thermal stability, making it suitable for adsorbing PAEs. The established F-COF-SPME-GC method achieved a green analytical chemistry score of 0.63 in terms of environmental friendliness. It also exhibited satisfactory linear ranges of 0.02-100 μg L-1 for all PAEs (R²≥0.9901), and limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.010 to 0.019 μg L-1. The method was successfully applied to determine PAEs in six edible oils and six traditional medicinal crops, exhibiting relatively strong resistance to matrix interference. These results indicated that the F-COF-SPME probe provided significant promise for the efficient and robust adsorption and detection of PAEs in complex samples.