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Interventions for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) span explicit and implicit approaches, yet Matching-to-Sample (MTS) protocols, a well-established method for fostering equivalence-based learning, remain unexamined in this population. The partly incidental and implicit nature of these protocols may align more closely with the way language skills are acquired in everyday contexts. To assess their potential for use in individuals with DLD, we conducted a scoping review of MTS-based language interventions in individuals with language impairments. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and using Web of Science and PsycINFO, sixteen studies (N  =  81, primarily children and adolescents) met inclusion criteria, the key requirement being evidence of language difficulties. In most studies, these difficulties co-occurred with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability. The review revealed that most interventions targeted foundational receptive and expressive skills and reliably produced untrained (derived) stimulus relations, underscoring the efficacy of implicit learning mechanisms. However, small sample sizes, varied MTS formats, and a dearth of long-term follow-up constrain generalizability. Our findings position MTS as a promising framework for DLD but highlight the need for controlled trials with standardized protocols, larger and DLD-specific cohorts, and measures of sustained, functional language gains. What is already known on the subject Matching-to-sample (MTS) training protocols have been successfully applied to teach a wide range of skills across diverse populations. However, systematic reviews specifically evaluating the potential of MTS-based language interventions for individuals with language impairments, and for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in particular, are lacking. What this study adds to existing knowledge This scoping review identified a relatively small number of studies involving individuals with language difficulties, most of whom also presented with co-occurring neurocognitive conditions. No studies were found that focused specifically on individuals with DLD. Across the available studies, outcomes were generally positive, with evidence not only for gains in explicitly trained language skills but also for the emergence of untrained foundational language skills. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this study? If positive findings are replicated in larger, well-controlled trials that also address more advanced language abilities, MTS-based language interventions may represent a promising approach for the sustained improvement of language skills in individuals with DLD.

Background/Objectives:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) intramammary infection remains a major global dairy problem due to its contagious nature, its ability to persist and colonize teat/skin and mucosal niches, and the often-limited bacteriological cure achieved with antimicrobial therapy. Beyond udder health, it is relevant to public health because it can enter raw milk chains and serve as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants that may circulate between dairy animals and humans. Methods: We assessed S. aureus' ecology in raw ewe milk from 75 sheep farms in Epirus (Greece) by sampling clinically healthy controls (group A) and clinical mastitis cases pre-treatment (group B), followed by resampling at the first post-withdrawal milking after penicillin/streptomycin treatment (group C1-therapeutic protocol 1), oxytetracycline treatment (group C2-therapeutic protocol 2), or enrofloxacin treatment (group C3-therapeutic protocol 3). Results:S. aureus detection was high and comparable across groups (A 23.0%, B 22.0-30.0%, C 20.0-22.0%), and paired analyses showed no significant pre-post shifts in detection/burden within therapeutic protocols (all p > 0.05). Nevertheless, persistence remained evident. The chromosomal gene mecA was detected in S. aureus strains in all groups, ranging from 13.6% in controls to 54.5% post-withdrawal in group C1, and was also present in the pre-treatment group. In paired sampling animals, mecA was mostly stable, with rare emergence or loss. Across antibiotic classes, within-animal resistance transitions were generally uncommon and non-significant (p > 0.05); β-lactam resistance was fully stable (p = 1.00). Descriptively, resistance to protein synthesis inhibitors tended to decline after therapy in protocol 1 and protocol 3, while protocol 3 showed post-treatment gains in fluoroquinolone resistance. By contrast, virulence-associated phenotype traits shifted after therapy: enterotoxigenicity increased post-withdrawal (especially in the C3 group), Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) appeared only post-therapy, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin D (SED) increased significantly in paired isolates (p = 0.002), and strong biofilm adherence increased (in C3, p = 1.5 × 10-5). Conclusions: The detection of S. aureus after therapy suggests that one possibility is that antimicrobial exposure may select for, or otherwise reshape, the residual intramammary population, rather than reliably eliminating it-an outcome that remains clinically relevant for udder health. Moreover, the persistence of mecA/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-compatible profiles indicates that milk released to the food chain after withdrawal compliance may still harbor S. aureus with enhanced preservation capacity and significant food safety relevance.

Despite advances in dental materials and digital color registration systems, esthetic matching remains a clinical challenge for both dental students and experienced professionals. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted through bibliographic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases from January 2015 to January 2026. The evidence was synthesized using a four-dimensional analytical framework encompassing technological, cognitive-psychological, educational, and clinical-contextual factors. Quantitative synthesis revealed substantial variability in shade matching success rates, with intraoral scanners demonstrating pass rates ranging from 31.3% to 78.2% across devices, while spectrophotometers achieved superior repeatability (ICC > 0.9) but faced interpretive barriers. Cognitive load theory explains the performance deterioration, with novices being particularly susceptible to retinal fatigue and metamerism under non-standardized lighting conditions. The proposed paradigm shift involves redefining shade selection from a purely technical task to a cognitive skill that requires deliberate perceptual calibration, structured educational protocols, and hybrid digital visual workflows. To improve esthetic predictability, educational programs need to integrate longitudinal training in color science with objective feedback mechanisms. Clinical workflows should adopt hybrid calibration-centric protocols that position technology as a verification tool, rather than a replacement for clinical judgment. Understanding the multidimensional nature of shade matching difficulty enables the development of evidence-based educational protocols and clinical workflows, ultimately improving esthetic outcomes.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasingly common, yet postoperative pain remains a major driver of delayed recovery and opioid exposure. Cryoneurolysis is a preoperative, non-opioid adjunct that temporarily ablates peripheral sensory nerves to reduce pain signaling. This narrative review summarizes the mechanism, clinical evidence, and practical implementation of cryoneurolysis for perioperative pain control and opioid reduction after TKA. Published clinical studies evaluating preoperative cryoneurolysis in patients undergoing TKA or with end-stage knee osteoarthritis in perioperative pathways were narratively synthesized, including retrospective analyses, cohort studies, randomized or sham-controlled trials, registry studies, and relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Comparative perioperative analgesic literature relevant to multimodal TKA protocols was also considered. The review was organized around three domains: (1) biologic mechanisms and technical targets, (2) outcomes related to pain, opioid consumption, and length of stay, and (3) opioid stewardship endpoints, including refill requirements and prolonged opioid use, when available. Cryoneurolysis produces reversible axonotmesis via controlled cooling, inducing Wallerian degeneration while preserving nerve architecture and motor function. Across published studies, cryoneurolysis was associated with reduced acute postoperative pain and lower early opioid use, with some studies reporting approximately 45% to 51% reductions in opioid consumption and shorter hospital length of stay. Evidence on postdischarge opioid utilization is mixed, with one retrospective cohort finding no difference in 90-day opioid consumption or refill rates, while other registry and longitudinal data suggest possible reductions in longer-term opioid use and improved pain outcomes, although functional benefits appear modest and inconsistently demonstrated. Available studies have not identified a clear increase in complications, and the motor-sparing nature of cryoneurolysis may support early rehabilitation. Preoperative cryoneurolysis is a promising adjunct within multimodal TKA analgesia, offering prolonged sensory analgesia without motor blockade and short-term reductions in pain and inpatient opioid use. Heterogeneous protocols and limited long-term, high-level evidence constrain broad adoption. Standardized multicenter trials with pharmacy-based opioid endpoints are needed to define optimal targets, timing, and durable benefit.

Background and Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is frequently associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Current therapeutic strategies are primarily symptomatic and do not restore native disc biology, largely due to the avascular nature of the intervertebral disc and the hostile inflammatory and mechanical microenvironment that characterizes degeneration. The aim of this study is to provide an updated and clinically oriented overview of the pathophysiology of IVDD and to evaluate the current evidence on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-based therapies. Materials and Methods: A focused narrative literature review was performed to evaluate current evidence on MSC- and PRP-based therapies for intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The search was conducted in PubMed. Only studies in English were considered eligible. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated regenerative and immunomodulatory effects primarily through paracrine mechanisms, enhancing extracellular matrix synthesis and reducing inflammation and apoptosis. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles emerged as a promising cell-free alternative, potentially overcoming limitations related to cell survival and safety. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) showed anabolic and anti-inflammatory properties, promoting disc cell proliferation and matrix production, particularly in early-stage degeneration. Clinical studies, including randomized trials, reported significant improvements in pain and function for both MSC and PRP therapies, with favourable safety profiles. However, heterogeneity in treatment protocols and limited long-term data remain significant limitations. Orthobiologic therapies represent a minimally invasive option for patients with discogenic low back pain refractory to conservative treatment. Patient selection is crucial and should consider degeneration stage, disc viability, and clinical presentation. PRP is primarily indicated in early-stage degeneration (Pfirrmann II-III), whereas MSC-based therapies may be considered in selected patients with more advanced but still viable discs. Based on current evidence, a stepwise approach is proposed, progressing from conservative management to PRP, MSCs, and ultimately surgery. Orthobiologics should be integrated within a multimodal strategy including rehabilitation. Conclusions: MSCs and PRP represent a promising and, eventually, complementary orthobiologic therapies for IVDD. PRP is primarily effective in early degenerative stages as a biologic stimulator, whereas MSCs may provide regenerative benefits in more advanced but still viable discs. Further studies are necessary to standardize protocols and confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

Bacterial blotch remains a major constraint to global white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry, yet its etiological complexity has been underestimated. Through a genome resolved, polyphasic approach applied to symptomatic mushrooms collected from United States, we uncovered an unexpectedly diverse complex of Pseudomonas species driving blotch disease. Beyond classical pathogens (P. tolaasii, P. gingeri, P. agarici, and P. "reactans", P. yamanorum, Pseudomonas sp. NC02), our analyses revealed a striking prevalence of P. azotoformans, a species not previously associated with mushroom pathology, alongside P. pergaminensis, P. monsensis, P. tensinigenes, P. simiae, Pseudomonas sp. Irchel 3A7, Pseudomonas sp. REP124 and two putatively novel lineages. Comparative genomics demonstrated pronounced heterogeneity in accessory genome content, with P. azotoformans exhibiting exceptional genomic plasticity indicative of broad ecological adaptability. Secondary metabolite profiling and white line assays further delineated species-specific chemotaxonomic signatures, underscoring the multifactorial nature of virulence. Collectively, this study provides the most comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of blotch-associated Pseudomonas in Northern America, overturning the long-held paradigm of a single dominant pathogen. By establishing that bacterial blotch is multispecies disease complex, our findings redefine its epidemiology and lay the foundation for improved diagnostics strategies in mushroom production systems. The emergence and high prevalence of P. azotoformans underscore the limitations of diagnostic protocols focused exclusively on classical blotch pathogens and highlight the need for broader, genomics informed detection strategies. Collectively, this work offers actionable insights to strengthen production resilience and support the sustainability of white button mushroom cultivation as the world's most economically important specialty food crop.

Rotator cuff injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions that affect shoulder function and can ultimately impact quality of life. While physical therapy is essential in the care of rotator cuff injuries, the ideal dose of therapeutic exercises continues to be a significant clinical dilemma because of the generalized nature of rehabilitation protocols. This pilot study proposes a machine learning approach to personalize rehabilitation using surface electromyography (sEMG) data collected from eight healthy individuals by testing four key shoulder movements: scaption, internal rotation, external rotation, and external rotation at 90° abduction. In this research, the XGBoost algorithm was used to model muscle activation patterns by achieving a high predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.5325; MSE = 0.0084 μV2). Because sEMG reliably measures superficial muscle activity, a linear programming model was used to divide a 60 min therapy session in a way that increases activation of superficial muscles (such as deltoid and trapezius) while reducing strain on deep muscles (such as supraspinatus and infraspinatus). Three optimization scenarios were tested by reflecting a different clinical goal: prioritizing superficial muscles, minimizing deep muscle strain, or balancing both. Optimized time allocations assigned more time to external rotation at 90° abduction and scaption. This research demonstrates the potential for data-driven methods to transform rotator cuff rehabilitation through personalized and evidence-based treatment plans. The results enhance clinical practice by enabling adaptive rehabilitation planning and show that machine learning can support decision-making in complex muscle activation analysis with strong performance and low latency.

Modern homes are increasingly relying on networks of internet-connected devices for smart home applications. Unlike an enterprise network, such smart home networks typically tend to have lax cybersecurity protocols in place and are prone to cyber-attacks. Attack patterns have also evolved over time, with multi-stage attacks being more difficult to detect and mitigate. This article presents a novel dataset captured under normal operation as well as from seven different multi-stage attack scenarios that can arise in a smart home environment that hosts end devices of heterogeneous nature. Unlike conventional network flow datasets which describe individual single-stage attacks on devices, this dataset aims to provide researchers with valuable insights into the behaviour of network parameters when each attack scenario includes a combination of attacks. This dataset with a total of 178,831 samples, is split into two parts: Training- consisting of 148,959 samples and Testing- consisting of 29,872 samples. The captured dataset can be used to develop intrusion detection systems capable of detecting and classifying such interleaved attack patterns that include multiple sequential attack steps in a smart home environment. The dataset captures the common network flow parameters in the network and hence, the dataset can be used to extend the research to other type of networks as well.

Athlete burnout significantly affects both athlete well-being and performance, potentially influenced by dietary patterns, sleep quality, screen time, and stress-coping strategies. However, the mechanistic interplay among these factors remains unclear. This study utilized a cross-sectional design to examine the relationships between daily health behaviors (including diet, sleep, and screen time), stress coping strategies, perceived psychological strain and athlete burnout among Chinese competitive swimmers. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed, encompassing demographic information, eating behavior (BEDA), sleeping behavior (ASSQ), screen time, stress coping strategies (CSCA), perceived psychological strain (APSQ), and athlete burnout (ABQ). This questionnaire was administered online and distributed to participating athletes through a snowball sampling method during the 2024 Shanghai Youth Swimming Competition to enhance the sample size. Data from 1,071 swimmers (477 females, 44.5%) revealed through Lasso regression analysis that perceived psychological strain emerged as the strongest predictor of athlete burnout (β = 5.07), followed by age (β = 2.19) and athlete level (β = 3.76). Sleep disturbances (ASSQ) demonstrated a weaker yet significant contribution to ABQ (β = 0.92). A temporal inflection point in age-related burnout trajectories was identified at 19 years. This study identified psychological strain (APSQ) as the strongest predictor of burnout (ABQ) among Chinese swimmers (β = 5.07), underscoring the critical need for strain-specific management in prevention strategies. The significant effects of advancing age (β = 2.19) and increased training load (β = 3.76) further revealed the developmental nature of burnout across career stages, necessitating age-targeted interventions. Although sleep disorders (ASSQ) had a weaker influence (β = 0.92), their significant role supports the integration of sleep quality enhancement into a holistic strain-sleep intervention framework. These findings provide a novel pathway for athlete mental health management through prioritized strain regulation, hierarchical age-specific interventions, and synergistic sleep-stress protocols.

The direct arylation of fluoroarenes is a powerful but sustainability-limited transformation, as most established protocols rely on organic solvents and stoichiometric silver additives. Here, we report the first silver-free palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation of fluoroarenes in water containing self-assembled surfactant structures (micelles) as reaction medium. Using the designer surfactant PS-750-M, this sustainable method enables the coupling of diverse pyridines and fluoroarenes under mild conditions, displaying broad functional-group tolerance while fully eliminating organic co-solvents. Mechanistic studies, including kinetics, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and freeze-fracture combined transmission electron microscopy (FF-TEM), reveal the nature of interactions between the catalyst, substrates and distinct micellar domains, providing insight into microenvironmental effects on reactivity and selectivity. The robustness of the catalytic system further allows tandem one-pot sequences, such as C-H arylation/SN Ar reactions, without intermediate workup or adding an additional catalyst. This work demonstrates how merging micellar catalysis with C-H activation unlocks a practical, environmentally responsible platform for cross-coupling chemistry, expanding the utility of aqueous media for sustainable synthesis.

This study aimed to develop and externally validate a non-invasive predictive nomogram for stratifying individuals at elevated risk for colon cancer and precancerous lesions, with the goal of optimizing risk-stratified screening protocols. The model was derived from a clinical screening cohort and validated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. The modeling cohort consisted of 400 participants who underwent colonoscopy, comprising 272 healthy controls and 128 patients histopathologically diagnosed with colon cancer or precancerous lesions. External validation was performed on 284 individuals from the NHANES database (191 healthy controls and 93 self-reported cases). All predictors were selected based on their non-invasive nature and clinical accessibility. Significant intergroup differences were observed in age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, alcohol consumption, and high-fat diet (all P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). Multivariable logistic regression confirmed age >55 years, BMI >25 kg/m&#xb2;, smoking, alcohol use, and a high-fat diet as independent risk factors for colonic neoplasia. The derived nomogram exhibited robust discriminative ability in both the modeling (AUC, 0.765) and validation (AUC, 0.761) cohorts. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that intervention guided by the nomogram yielded superior net clinical benefit at risk thresholds of >0.15 and >0.11 in the modeling and validation cohorts, respectively. This novel, non-invasive nomogram provides a reliable and pragmatic tool for individualized risk assessment of colon cancer and precancerous lesions. Its strong performance in both internal and external validations supports its potential utility in enhancing risk-stratified screening and early intervention strategies in diverse populations.

Conservation translocations are subject to considerable uncertainty and risk, of which disease is one of the most recognized. To address disease risks, several protocols for qualitative disease risk analysis (qDRA) exist and are used for responsible conservation translocation planning. Existing qDRA protocols usually rely on expert judgment, but they lack quantitative aggregation of elicited estimates, transparent treatment of uncertainty, and explicit comparison of alternative disease risk management pathways. We added these factors to a qDRA for translocation of a charismatic species that is extinct in the wild, the sihek (Guam kingfisher) (Todiramphus cinnamominus). We asked a panel of seven independent experts to quantify their judgment of risks of pathogen release, exposure, and consequences for seven pathogen hazards under three translocation management scenarios. Experts suggested that implementing a full biosecurity protocol would reduce risk for several pathogen hazards but would have variable effectiveness (11-65% depending on the hazard). There was substantial uncertainty associated with individual experts and noise among different experts, showing the potential for error if decisions are based on single-point judgments (i.e., providing judgment of a central tendency without accounting for uncertainty) from one expert or on collaborative consensus of multiple experts, as is current practice. Mejoras en el uso de las opiniones de expertos para el an&#xe1;lisis de riesgo patol&#xf3;gico de las reubicaciones por conservaci&#xf3;n Resumen Las reubicaciones por conservaci&#xf3;n est&#xe1;n sujetas a una incertidumbre y un riesgo considerables, siendo las enfermedades uno de los riesgos m&#xe1;s reconocidos. Para abordar estos riesgos, existen varios protocolos de an&#xe1;lisis cualitativo del riesgo de enfermedad (qDRA) que se utilizan para planificar de forma responsable las reubicaciones por conservaci&#xf3;n. Los protocolos qDRA existentes suelen basarse en el criterio de los expertos, aunque carecen de una agregaci&#xf3;n cuantitativa de las estimaciones obtenidas, de un tratamiento transparente de la incertidumbre y de una comparaci&#xf3;n expl&#xed;cita de las v&#xed;as alternativas de gesti&#xf3;n del riesgo patol&#xf3;gico. Incorporamos estos factores a un qDRA para el traslado de una especie carism&#xe1;tica extinta en estado silvestre, el sihek (mart&#xed;n pescador de Guam) (Todiramphus cinnamominus). Solicitamos a un panel de siete expertos independientes que valoraran los riesgos de liberaci&#xf3;n de pat&#xf3;genos, exposici&#xf3;n y consecuencias para siete peligros pat&#xf3;genos en tres escenarios de reubicaci&#xf3;n. Los expertos sugirieron que la implementaci&#xf3;n de un protocolo de bioseguridad completo reducir&#xed;a el riesgo de varios peligros pat&#xf3;genos, pero tendr&#xed;a una eficacia variable (entre el 11% y el 65%, seg&#xfa;n el peligro). Observamos una incertidumbre sustancial asociada a los expertos individuales y una variabilidad entre los distintos expertos, lo que resalta el potencial de error si las decisiones se basan en juicios puntuales (es decir, proporcionar una valoraci&#xf3;n de la tendencia central sin tener en cuenta la incertidumbre) de un solo experto o en el consenso colaborativo de m&#xfa;ltiples expertos, como es la pr&#xe1;ctica habitual.

Professional society guidelines recommend interprofessional support for families facing goals-of-care decisions in intensive care units (ICU). However, there is limited knowledge about whether this occurs and how best to achieve it. We sought to characterize the current nature of, barriers to, and suggestions for interprofessional support for surrogates in ICUs. We conducted a multi-method ethnographic study, including direct observation and semi-structured interviews with interprofessional ICU team members in four hospitals. Our conceptual approach combined elements of the Implementation Outcomes Framework and the COM-B model. We used an inductive thematic analysis approach with findings organized into previously identified, theory-derived domains of teamwork. Between March 2021 and December 2023, we conducted 133&#x2009;hours of observations and 53 interviews with ICU team members such as physicians, nurses, and social workers. Although participants endorsed the value of interprofessional support during interviews, ethnographic observation revealed numerous shortcomings in actual practice. Nurses, social workers, and chaplains were not frequently invited to family meetings, and there was low involvement of social workers and chaplaincy in longitudinal family support. Barriers to interprofessional support included insufficient role clarity, physician-leader inclusiveness, valuing of psychosocial support of families in addition to informational support, psychological safety, training among non-physicians, team member availability, and standardized care processes. Participants made suggestions for improvement, including establishing organizational expectations for the structure and content of interprofessional support, increasing psychological safety and role clarity, training in serious illness communication, and promoting leader inclusiveness. We identified numerous shortcomings in interprofessional support for surrogate decision-makers in the ICUs across multiple domains of effective teams. Organizations can improve interprofessional support by clarifying roles and increasing visibility of non-physician team members, providing opportunities for communication and coordination of support through enhanced routines such as pre-rounds huddles or pre-family meeting huddles as well as improved documentation of support, providing specialty communication training, improving psychological safety, developing family support protocols, and altered staffing models. This would involve targeting multiple levels for behavior change-individual, team, and organizational.

Objective To determine whether single-day embryo selection (Day 3 or Day 5) achieves comparable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to two-day selection (Day 2 + Day 3 or Day 3 + Day 5). Design Retrospective cohort study conducted over a 15-year period (2008-2023). Setting A single assisted reproductive technology (ART) center. Participants A total of 9,095 patients undergoing ART were included: 7,365 were managed under a Day 3 policy (77,543 embryo assessments) and 1,730 patients under a Day 5 policy (14,538 embryo assessments). Methods All patients underwent routine ART procedures with morphological embryo scoring according to established criteria. Cleavage-stage selection based on a two-day assessment (Day 2 + Day 3) was compared with a hypothetical selection of a single-day assessment (Day 3). Blastocyst-stage selection based on a two-day assessment (Day 3 + Day 5) was compared with a hypothetical selection of a single-day assessment (Day 5). Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were calculated retrospectively for single-day versus two-day evaluation. Results Day 3 single-day assessment demonstrated sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 93.6%, and accuracy of 96.7%, comparable to Day 2 + Day 3 scoring. Day 5 single-day assessment yielded sensitivity of 99.5%, specificity of 89.7%, and accuracy of 93.4%, similar to Day 3 + Day 5 evaluation. Limitations Limitations of this study include the retrospective design and the inherently subjective nature of embryo selection, in which prior assessments can bias subsequent evaluations. In addition, two-day scoring reflected routine clinical practice, whereas single-day scoring represented a hypothetical approach based solely on embryo scores. This hypothetical single-day selection did not take the clinical context into account, as it was performed by a single embryologist based only on morphological scores, whereas actual clinical selection typically incorporates broader clinical considerations. Prospective randomized trials are therefor needed. Conclusion Single-day embryo selection on Day 3 or Day 5 provides diagnostic accuracy (&#x2265;90%) comparable to two-day protocols. Our data show that single-day assessments can be considered to cope with increased workload.

Scientific journals establish author guidelines to ensure manuscript consistency, enhance readability, and maintain editorial standards. However, the rationale behind specific requirements is not always apparent to submitting authors, leading to misunderstandings and noncompliance. This editorial examines the instructions for authors currently applied at Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, explaining the purpose behind selected regulations that may initially seem arbitrary or overly prescriptive. We analyze requirements concerning manuscript titles (sentence case, study design specification, avoidance of nonstandard abbreviations), author affiliations (institutional hierarchy, geographic formatting), ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) usage, highlights preparation, taxonomic nomenclature (italicization of genus and species, distinction between genes and proteins), laboratory equipment reporting (manufacturer details, catalog numbers, software versions), abbreviation protocols, and supplementary file management. We demonstrate that these requirements serve essential practical functions: improving search engine optimization and discoverability, ensuring experimental reproducibility, preventing taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion, facilitating rigorous peer review, and enhancing reader comprehension across different formats and access points. The editorial also addresses the evolving nature of author guidelines in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital publishing, emphasizing that editorial policies should function as adaptable documents that respond to technological advances and changing scholarly communication practices. By fostering open dialogue between editors and authors regarding the rationale behind publication requirements, journals can maintain high standards while remaining responsive to the legitimate concerns of the research community. We conclude that transparent communication about editorial policies not only improves compliance but also strengthens the collaborative relationship between journals and the researchers they serve.

Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORN) remains a challenging complication of head and neck radiotherapy, with limited effective therapeutic and preventive options. Hemarina-M101 is a natural extracellular hemoglobin derived from Arenicola marina, with documented effects on tissue oxygenation and wound healing. However, it has not previously been applied intraorally. To our knowledge, this report describes the first intraoral use of Hemarina-M101 oxygenating dressing (H-MOD) in two patients with advanced mandibular ORN treated under compassionate-use authorization. Two different application protocols were used according to clinical constraints. In both patients, intraoral application was feasible and no immediate complications directly attributable to the treatment were observed. In Patient 1, partial mucosal healing was observed, although disease progression occurred during follow-up. In Patient 2, complete mucosal healing was achieved at 6 months, with no residual bone exposure. Given the descriptive nature of this report, no conclusion can be drawn regarding its therapeutic efficacy. Further prospective studies, particularly in preventive settings such as dental extractions in irradiated patients, are warranted.

Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are among the most serious and costly complications in orthopedic surgery, significantly affecting patient prognosis and healthcare systems. Despite rigorous aseptic measures, intraoperative contamination of sterile fields, instruments, and air remains a persistent source of potential infection. This study investigates the relationship between the microbial contamination of sterile fields during arthroplasty and postoperative inflammatory markers, with the objective of determining whether the contamination of sterile fields correlates with the presence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included 33 patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty in a university-affiliated orthopedic center. Intraoperative samples were collected from sterile fields and equipment to detect microbial contamination, while postoperative monitoring involved the C-reactive protein (CRP); erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); leukocyte count; temperature; and wound assessment on days 1, 3 and 7. All patients received 48 h of prophylactic cefuroxime. Statistical analysis was conducted using the International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software for Windows, version 30.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, United States of America) with significance set at p &#x2264; 0.05. Results: Postoperative inflammatory markers showed distinct patterns depending on the isolated microorganism, with Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus hominis ssp. consistently associated with higher CRP and leukocyte values, indicating a more intense systemic response. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently isolated species but showed moderate inflammatory profiles, suggesting its potential role in subclinical colonization. A strong correlation between CRP on day 3 and leukocyte count (r = 0.81) confirms their combined utility in the early detection of infectious complications, while ESR appeared less dynamic and more complementary in nature. Discussion: This study highlights the significant role of intraoperative contamination and microbial virulence in shaping the postoperative inflammatory response after arthroplasty. Elevated CRP and leukocyte levels, particularly on day 3, were closely associated with pathogens known for biofilm formation and chronic infections. Despite prophylactic antibiotic use, confirmed infections still occurred, suggesting the need to reassess current protocols and enhance intraoperative contamination control. Conclusions: Pathogen presence in sterile fields during arthroplasty increases the risk of periprosthetic joint infections, often without early clinical symptoms. CRP on day 3 and leukocyte count were the most reliable early indicators of persistent inflammation.

Nuclear Protein 1 (NUPR1) is a critical modulator of numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation. Its structural characterization is indispensable for understanding its multifaceted biological functions and for its validation as a potential therapeutic target in diseases. Although foundational studies have reported on the expression and purification of NUPR1, detailed and scalable protocols for large-scale production, a prerequisite for advanced biophysical techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, have remained largely unarticulated. This study describes a successfully developed, optimized, and scalable protocol for the high-yield production and purification of recombinant human NUPR1. This optimized protocol consistently yielded 2-3 mg of NUPR1 per liter of M9 minimal medium with greater than 95% purity and high monodispersity, as confirmed by SEC-MALS analysis, making it highly suitable for demanding structural biology applications. Furthermore, efficient isotopic labeling strategies incorporating 15N and 13C were successfully implemented, enabling detailed multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis. Preliminary NMR data, including backbone resonance assignments, unequivocally confirmed the intrinsically disordered nature of NUPR1. Secondary structure propensity analysis derived from these assignments indicated a characteristically low propensity for the formation of stable canonical secondary structures. This robust, well-characterized, and scalable expression and purification pipeline provides an essential and solid foundation for future detailed structural, dynamic, and functional investigations of NUPR1, which are crucial for dissecting its complex roles in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the rapid development and deployment of novel strategies and methodologies to manage the dissemination of microorganisms. Understanding the crucial role that contaminated surfaces play in the spread of viruses highlights the importance of having effective cleaning and disinfection protocols in place for inanimate objects. A variety of antimicrobial agents have shown strong effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various factors can impact on the performance of these agents. As a result, technologies utilizing ozone's microbicidal effects have been developed or improved for cleaning indoor areas, surfaces, and materials, despite ozone's diverse uses being known for years. Ozone offers the advantage of adaptability for both gaseous and aqueous use, depending on the nature of the decontaminated surfaces. Moreover, ozone-infused water is ecologically benign, possesses microbial-fighting capabilities, and synergistically reinforces the biocidal action of other chemical disinfectants. This review aims to summarize the efforts dedicated to harnessing gaseous and aqueous ozone as a valuable means to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus from environments, surfaces, clinical equipment, and office supplies. This review sourced evidence-based articles from electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and preprint repositories. The findings illustrated that ozone could serve as an additional tool for curbing the proliferation of COVID-19 and other viral infections. Additionally, we elucidated the operational attributes of ozone, the variables that influence its disinfection potency, and the mechanisms of its virucidal action. Notably, this review does not encompass the disinfection of the COVID-19 virus in wastewater.