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This study examined how privacy concerns on short-form video platforms influence creativity among communication students through the mediating roles of TikTok use motives and general information technology identity. Guided by privacy calculus theory, uses and gratifications theory, and identity theory, a three-wave longitudinal design was used with 1217 students from three institutions in Chongqing, China. Privacy concerns were measured at Time 1, TikTok use motives and creativity at Time 2, and general information technology identity and creativity at Time 3. Structural equation modeling with full information maximum likelihood estimation tested mediation and sequential mediation models while controlling for demographic variables and baseline creativity. Results showed that privacy concerns negatively predicted creativity, and both TikTok use motives and general IT identity mediated this association. Sequential mediation analysis indicated that TikTok use motives promoted general IT identity, which in turn enhanced creativity. Findings highlight that motivational and identity-based processes jointly explain how privacy concerns shape creative outcomes. The study enriches theory on digital risk and creativity and offers guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to support innovation while protecting digital well-being.

To test the novel hypothesis that negative news exposure may lead to an increase in negative affect, which in turn leads to an increase in the amount of attention given to food and alcohol cues. Forty-two college students made two laboratory visits, approximately 1-week apart. During each visit, students watched 15 minutes of short news clips while having their eye movements monitored. Participants were randomized to view either negative or control news during their first visit and watched the other news condition during their second visit. Food, alcohol, and control commercials were randomly shown between each news clip. At the end of each commercial, a static image of the branded food, alcohol, or control product appeared in middle of the screen and stayed visible for 5 seconds. We recorded two robust measures of attentional bias to the static image: first fixation bias and cumulative fixation bias. The Maastricht Momentary Mood Questionnaire (3MQ) was completed prior to the news clips being shown to record a baseline level of negative affect. Participants completed the 3MQ again following viewing the news clips to measure changes in negative affect. In a series of linear regressions, we found that, overall, viewing negative news was associated with a statistically significant increase in negative affect (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.72, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), as well as a statistically significant increase in cumulative fixation bias (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.041) and a nonsignificant increase in first fixation bias (P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.074) to food and alcohol vs. control cues. Furthermore, our data suggests that negative affect may partially mediate the association between negative news exposure and cumulative fixation bias, though the mediation effect did not reach statistical significance (&#x3b2;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.14; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.056). In conclusion, exposure to negative news media increased negative affect and attentional bias to food and alcohol cues among college students, suggesting that distressing media may contribute to maladaptive coping behaviors such as emotional eating and alcohol use.

This study systematically investigates the transport of carboxyl-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (CPSNPs) in saturated hydroxyapatite (HAP)-quartz sand (QS) porous media through column experiments. The research examines the influence of hydroxyapatite (HAP) mass fraction, ionic types (Na+, Ca2+, H2PO4-), ionic strength, and concentrations of organic acids (oxalic acid, humic acid) and nanocellulose (CNC). Migration mechanisms were elucidated using the extended DLVO theory and a two-site kinetic model. Results demonstrate that increasing the HAP mass fraction from 0.1% to 1% enhances aggregation between HAP and CPSNPs, forming larger aggregates that effectively trap more CPSNPs via increased adsorption sites and pore blocking. This phenomenon leads to a significant reduction in the penetration rate from 97.30% to 1.30%. Monovalent (Na+) and divalent (Ca2+) cations inhibit CPSNPs transport, whereas anions (H2PO4-) promote CPSNPs mobility. Ca2+ exerts stronger inhibition due to more effective charge screening. Both humic acid and oxalic acid reduce CPSNPs mobility, with oxalic acid exhibiting more pronounced inhibition. CNC enhances transport at concentrations below 60&#xa0;mg&#xb7;L-1 but inhibits it above this threshold. The chemical non-equilibrium two-site model provides a good fit to the experimental data (R2&#xa0;>&#xa0;0.949). This study elucidates the transport rules of CPSNPs in HAP-QS media, offering a scientific basis for risk assessment of nanoplastics in HAP-amended soil-groundwater systems and practical guidance for evaluating the impact of hydrochemical conditions on HAP's nanoplastics capture efficiency. The kinetic parameters obtained also offer critical insights for the in-situ remediation of soils co-contaminated by heavy metals and nanoplastics.

Many countries have legalised gambling, negatively impacting public health. Stakeholders are particularly concerned about online gambling advertising harming young adults. The&#xa0;Netherlands has legalised offline and online gambling, but subsequently introduced restrictions on advertising. Specifically, advertisements must not target young adults aged between 18 and 23. The EU Digital Services Act requires major social media platforms to publish databases of all paid adverts shown and disclose which demographic groups were the intended targets and how many users were eventually reached. We assessed whether Dutch gambling ads on social media illegally targeted under-24s. We systematically collected recent advertisements (N = 277) published by both online and offline Dutch gambling licensees and associated demographic targeting and reach data using Meta's Ad Library. We then assessed whether the age range of users targeted by those ads included prohibited targets. The compliance rate was 92.7% for online gambling licensee ads, but only 70.2% for offline licensee ads. A significant minority of gambling ads illegally targeted Dutch young adults under 24. Whilst compliance is relatively high, building some confidence, the regulator must robustly enforce the rule against all licensees. Meta should adopt platform-level changes to reduce compliance friction. Prohibiting gambling adverts from targeting vulnerable demographics using technology is a practicable policy. Legally mandated data access can facilitate public scrutiny of policy implementation, enhancing accountability. Other countries may benefit from emulating these Dutch gambling advertising restrictions and EU advertising transparency regulations, better protecting vulnerable consumer demographics and enabling local research.

To assess multimodal ultrasound technology in the biomechanical assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), specifically focusing on those with increased cIMT but without atherosclerotic plaques or significant stenosis. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 65 T2DM patients (thickened vs. normal cIMT) and 27 controls were examined using color Doppler ultrasound flow imaging (CDFI), ultrasound vector flow imaging (V-Flow), and ultra-fast pulse wave velocity (UF-PWV). Measurements included peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), wall shear stress (WSS), pulse wave velocity at the beginning of systole (PWV-BS), and pulse wave velocity at the end of systole (PWV-ES). Differences across groups and independent factors associated with cIMT were analyzed via correlation and multivariable linear regression. The T2DM group exhibited higher HbA1c levels than the control group (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). The T2DM with thickened cIMT group exhibited significantly lower EDV (P =&#xa0;0.005) and higher Body Mass Index (BMI) (P =&#xa0;0.006) than the control group. Furthermore, the same group showed significantly lower mean WSS (WSSmean) than the control and T2DM with normal cIMT groups (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). The T2DM with thickened and normal cIMT groups showed significantly higher PWV-ES than the control group (P <&#xa0;0.05). A positive correlation was observed between cIMT and BMI (&#x3c1;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.392, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), HbA1c (&#x3c1;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.425, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), and PWV-ES (&#x3c1;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.506, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). Both WSSmean (&#x3c1; = -0.365, P < 0.001) and EDV (&#x3c1; = -0.209, P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) were negatively correlated with cIMT. After adjustment for clinical covariates, BMI, WSSmean, and PWV-ES were identified as independent factors associated with cIMT in the overall cohort. In the T2DM group, PWV-ES (B&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.034, P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.004) and WSSmean (B = -0.060, P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.039) remained independently associated with cIMT. Preliminary findings suggest V-Flow and UF-PWV imaging may detect biomechanical alterations in T2DM patients. While these techniques may offer insights into subclinical vascular remodeling prior to plaque formation, this cross-sectional study should be cautiously interpreted as hypothesis-generating.

Developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical for sustainable hydrogen production through water electrolysis. The existing limitations in comprehending the intermediate behavior during the alkaline HER obstruct the systematic design of effective catalysts. Herein, we introduce an interfacial engineering approach that employs gold&#x2011;nickel phosphide (Au-Ni2P) heterostructures to tackle this challenge by precisely tailoring metal-support interaction (SMSI). By implementing systematic annealing protocols, three distinct interfacial architectures: Yolk-shell (Au@Ni2P YSNs), alloyed (Au-Ni2P), and Janus-type (Ni2P-Au) structures are achieved and confirmed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the alloyed interface enables optimal water dissociation kinetics through Au-induced 3d orbital modulation of Ni sites, supported by spectroscopic evidence of strong Au-P interfacial bonding. In situ Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the accelerated proton generation via enhanced water dissociation can create localized acidic microenvironments and improve HER activity. As a result, the HER activity sequence is Au-Ni2P > Au@Ni2P YSNs> Ni2P-Au. This work establishes a novel methodology for interfacial engineering through thermal-driven SMSI manipulation, providing new insights into microenvironment modulation for advanced electrocatalysis.

Cellular agriculture (CA), an emerging and sustainable agricultural paradigm, offers a promising solution to global challenges in food security and environmental sustainability. However, the large-scale manufacturing of CA is hindered by its dependence on serum-based culture media, which are costly and compositionally variable and raise biosafety and animal welfare concerns. Addressing this bottleneck requires the development of affordable, reliable, and ethically compliant serum-free media (SFM). This perspective elucidates the functional roles of serum components, summarizes recent advances in serum substitutes, and highlights microorganism-derived substitutes as particularly promising because of their low cost, compositional stability, and scalability. Furthermore, we outline the evolution of SFM formulation from empirical and design-of-experiment-based optimization to multiomics-driven formulation and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted design. Overall, this review provides a focused framework for understanding current challenges, design strategies, and future directions of SFM development for CA.

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne bacterium that can cause listeriosis. Ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products are among the food categories associated with listeriosis. Because contamination levels of L. monocytogenes in RTE seafood products are often below 10&#x202f;CFU/g, accurate enumeration of low bacterial concentrations is essential for reliable risk assessment of these products. A most probable number (MPN) method is widely used for enumerating low bacterial concentrations in food samples; however, the choice of selective enrichment medium strongly affects recovery, especially in the presence of competing microflora and injured cells. In this study, five types of RTE seafood products were inoculated with low concentrations of L. monocytogenes, and four selective enrichment media including half Fraser broth, Listeria enrichment broth (UVM and FDA formulation), and buffered Listeria enrichment broth (BLEB) were compared. When samples were incubated in BLEB for 48&#x202f;h, the MPN values agreed with the inoculation levels in 93-100% across strains and food matrices. Under these conditions, MPN estimates for heat-injured inocula were accurate in 93% of cases. Among the media evaluated, incubation in BLEB for 48&#x202f;h yielded the most accurate and consistent MPN estimates across strains and food matrices, supporting its suitability for quantitative analysis of low levels of L. monocytogenes.

The proliferation of hate speech on social media poses a significant challenge to maintaining safe and inclusive online environments, necessitating accurate and scalable automated detection systems. However, the performance of transformer-based models for hate speech detection is highly sensitive to hyperparameter configurations, making manual and conventional tuning strategies inefficient in high-dimensional search spaces.To address this challenge, this study proposes a hybrid optimization framework that integrates the DeBERTaV3 transformer model with the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) for automated hyperparameter tuning. The proposed approach enables efficient exploration of complex hyperparameter spaces by balancing global search and local refinement. The framework optimizes eight critical hyperparameters, including learning rate, weight decay, and dropout rates, to enhance convergence stability and generalization performance. The proposed method is evaluated on the Davidson et al. (2017) dataset, consisting of 24,783 labeled tweets. Experimental results demonstrate that the GWO-DeBERTaV3 model achieves a peak accuracy of 97.72% and a macro F1-score of 97.71%, with statistically significant improvements over baseline and conventional tuning approaches.These findings highlight the effectiveness of metaheuristic-based optimization for transformer fine-tuning and demonstrate its potential for improving robustness and performance in real-world hate speech detection systems.

As residents' demand for leisure consumption spaces continues to grow, the development of these spaces influences their perception of urban environments and life satisfaction. To examine how different urban leisure consumption spaces affect life satisfaction, we analyze service quality and life satisfaction using Dianping and Weibo Sign-in data through deep learning methods like Feature Tokenizer Transformer, then evaluate the relative importance of service quality's impact. Results show that high service quality significantly enhances life satisfaction, while the quantity of spaces has negligible effect. Among different space types, Catering exerts the strongest influence on life satisfaction, followed by Entertainment, Personal care, Retail, and Sports, with regional and functional variations in these effects. This systematic study using multi-source big data and deep learning enriches media geography and spatial behavior theories while providing references for optimizing urban functional layout and public service policies.

Agricultural residues have been proposed as alternative organic carbon sources to woodchips for nitrate removal in denitrifying bioreactors. However, the phosphate removal potentials of agricultural residues have not been carefully evaluated. The objectives of this study were to determine the long-term nitrate and phosphate removal capacities of agricultural residue media in bioreactors and to evaluate the phosphate desorption potentials. Laboratory denitrifying bioreactors using corn cobs, corn stalks, barley straw, and woodchips were operated for 390&#x2009;days. The reactor average nitrate load reduction rates were 57.1, 21.9, 19.4, and 10.1&#x2009;g&#x2009;N/m3/day, and the average phosphate load reduction rates were 0.35, 0.16, 0.14, and 0.05&#x2009;g P/m3/day for corn cobs, corn stalks, barley straw, and woodchips, respectively. Barley straw quickly lost nitrate and phosphate removal capacities over time. Corn cobs consistently removed the highest amounts of nitrate and phosphate and showed the least decline in removal performance throughout the experiment. The phosphate desorption potentials after the bioreactor experiment were in the order of corn stalks&#x2009;>&#x2009;corn cobs&#x2009;>&#x2009;barley straw&#x2009;>&#x2009;woodchips. The results of this study suggest that corn cobs can be used as bioreactor filling materials to effectively remove nitrate and recover phosphate from contaminated waters.

Strengthening the quality of midwifery education is crucial to equip future midwives with the competencies required for contemporary practice. Continuity of Care (CoC) learning requires structured learning strategies, appropriate media, and effective evaluation mechanisms based on students' needs. In this context, mobile applications can support CoC learning through flexible documentation and reporting systems. This study aimed to identify learning and competency needs for technology-enhanced CoC education among midwifery students. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed with midwifery students in the Bandung Metropolitan Raya region, West Java, Indonesia, in 2024. Purposive sampling was used to select 310 students for quantitative analysis using STATA 16.0. Qualitative data from online focus group discussions (FGDs) with 34 students were analyzed using NVivo 1.6.1. Quantitative analysis identified learning strategy as the strongest predictor of CoC competency (r = 0.790, p < 0.001). Qualitative findings revealed two main themes: CoC Competencies (with subthemes of CoC Competency Objectives and CoC Core Competencies) and integrated CoC learning components (learning strategy, learning media, and learning evaluation). This study identified four essential components of mobile-based CoC learning, with learning strategies emerging as the strongest predictor of competency. These findings indicate that, although mobile technology enables efficient recording and reporting, it must be integrated with structured learning strategies to effectively strengthen midwifery competencies.

In vitro callus culture systems have been well documented to increase the production of bioactive metabolites. However, optimization of culture conditions through traditional methods consumes time and resources. In the current study, we utilized Machine Learning (ML)&#x2002;tools to improve callus formation conventions. The resultant callus and the leaf tissues of the mother plant were analyzed for their phytochemical profiles to gain insights into the altered synthesis of metabolites. Leaf explants were grown in the dark on Murashige & Skoog medium (MS) with 28 altered plant growth regulator combinations. The parameters of callogenesis&#x2002;were measured and analyzed using a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to predict optimal hormone concentrations. Predicted concentrations were validated through in vitro experiments. Metabolite quantification assays and profiling&#x2002;were carried out through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The mean earliest callus initiation was calculated as 14.9 days in MS media fortified with 3&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5&#xa0;mg/L BAP. The maximum callus mean fresh weight was recorded as 2.948&#xa0;g in MS media with 2.5&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0&#xa0;mg/L BAP. The data obtained through experimentation were fed into a machine learning model to predict the optimal concentrations for callus initiation and maximum callus fresh weight. Machine learning predicted the earliest callus initiation as the 14th day if grown in MS media with 2.92&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D, 0.35&#xa0;mg/L Kin, and 0.17&#xa0;mg/L BAP, which closely aligns with validated experimental results showing 15.1 days. The predicted callus fresh weight of 2.954&#xa0;g in MS media with 2.5&#xa0;mg/L 2,4-D, 0.11&#xa0;mg/L Kin, and 0.91&#xa0;mg/L BAP on validation was in sync with the experimental results, amounting to 3.004&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.098&#xa0;g, and hence was used for subculturing. Phytochemical analysis indicated notable increases in phenolic (1.22-fold) and flavonoid (1.27-fold) contents in callus extracts compared to mother plant leaves, whereas terpenoid levels were lower. The current study demonstrates the effective incorporation of ML in optimal callogenesis. It highlights the improved accumulation of phenolics and flavonoids in calli obtained from ML optimized conditions, emphasizing its precise prediction in maximizing output. These findings can contribute to the development of efficient biotechnological strategies for the production of pharmaceutically important phytochemicals.

The lymphocyte culture method for chromosomal aberration analysis was established in the 1960s, and culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) have been routinely used. However, issues such as lot-to-lot variability, potential contamination risks, and the growing demand for animal-origin-free (AOF) systems have created a need for reliable alternatives. This study evaluated the suitability of serum-free culture media for human peripheral blood chromosome analysis under both clinical-cytogenetic and cytogenetic biodosimetry settings, including the dicentric chromosome (Dic) assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay. Cell proliferation markers of mitotic index (MI), binucleated cell frequency, and chromosomal aberration frequencies were compared between conventional RPMI 1640 medium and human plasma-like medium, each tested with or without FBS supplementation in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blood cultures. Serum-free media demonstrated significantly higher MI values than in RPMI 1640-containing FBS, suggesting that serum supplementation may inhibit cell-cycle progression in 48- and 72-h cultures. While MI increased, the frequencies of Dics and MNs in serum-free conditions were not significantly different from those observed in serum-supplemented cultures. These findings indicate that serum supplementation may not be essential for blood culture media in human peripheral blood chromosome analysis, supporting the transition toward serum-free and AOF systems in cytogenetic applications.

Acute otitis media is among the most common infections in children. Mastoiditis is a rare complication of acute otitis media in developed countries. When overlooked, mastoiditis can lead to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis, which can impair function and hinder normal development of the child. This report describes a new protocol for treating TMJ ankylosis in toddlers, using a modified surgical method and in-house 3D technology. It presents a multidisciplinary approach that includes maxillofacial surgeons, pediatric anesthesiologists, orthodontists, and physical therapists. A 3D-printed model of the bony nasal airway assists the pediatric anesthesiology specialist in preoperative planning and simulation of nasal intubation. The modified surgical technique prevents herniation of the temporalis muscle and reduces the risk of facial nerve paralysis. The postoperative posterior bite blocks resist soft tissue contraction, maintaining normal mouth opening. A modified surgical technique, integrated into a multidisciplinary approach, yields improved functional and aesthetic postoperative outcomes for treating TMJ ankylosis in toddlers.

The gold standard for bacterial isolation is the selection of individual colonies from agar media. Selective media supplemented with chemical inhibitors are used to promote the growth of target bacteria while suppressing non-target organisms, particularly in environmental samples. Enterococcus, a genus comprising multiple species commonly found in bacteria-rich environments, can be isolated using agar supplemented with sodium azide. However, this approach generally enables identification only at the genus level, with limited discrimination among Enterococcus species. This study provides a detailed characterization of colony morphology in enterococci isolated from surface water using colony diameter as a discriminating parameter. At 0.4&#x202f;g/L sodium azide, E. casseliflavus formed significantly smaller colonies (0.7&#x202f;mm) than other Enterococcus species (>1.0&#x202f;mm). Species forming colonies exceeding 1.0&#x202f;mm were further characterized based on their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). FTIR analysis of crude EPS (50-100&#x202f;kDa) extracted by centrifugal ultrafiltration revealed similar spectral profiles among large-diameter E. hirae, E. lactis, and E. faecium, distinguishing them from E. faecalis. This study demonstrates that colony morphology on selective media can serve as a practical, culture-based approach for preliminary differentiation of selected Enterococcus species.

Photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) enable spatiotemporal control of chemical and biological processes, yet multistimuli-regulated systems remain rare. Here we report a triple-stimuli platform integrating light, base, and acid to control PPG release. Photoirradiation of diarylethenes (DAEs) under basic conditions generates stable 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (9,10-DHP) intermediates that activate hemiaminal ethers and undergo acid-promoted aromatization to release the alcohol group. Distinct fluorescence changes allow real-time monitoring in both organic and aqueous media.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of post-polymerization protocols with and without glycerin on surface roughness, microhardness, and color change of permanent restorative resins fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) technologies under different storage media. In this in vitro study, a total of 128 permanent restorative resin specimens fabricated using SLA (Permanent Crown, Formlabs) and DLP (Crowntec, Saremco) technologies were evaluated. The specimens were divided into post-polymerization protocols with and without glycerin. Finishing and polishing procedures were performed using a standardized diamond polishing system. Surface roughness (Ra, Sa) was measured using a confocal microscope, microhardness was assessed by the Vickers hardness test (VHN), and color change was evaluated using the CIEDE2000 (&#x394;E&#x2080;&#x2080;) method. The specimens were stored in distilled water, tea, coffee, and cola, and measurements were repeated at baseline and after 7 and 30 days. No statistically significant difference in surface roughness was observed between post-polymerization protocols with and without glycerin. In contrast, specimens post-polymerized with glycerin exhibited significantly higher microhardness values for both fabrication techniques. With respect to color change, lower &#x394;E&#x2080;&#x2080; values were observed in the glycerin-treated groups, particularly in the coffee storage medium. Post-polymerization with glycerin increased microhardness without adversely affecting surface roughness and supported color stability under specific staining storage media. In permanent restorative resins fabricated by 3D printing, post-polymerization with glycerin can be considered a complementary protocol that is easily applicable in clinical practice and may positively support the color stability and microhardness of restorations.

Menstrual irregularities affect women's physiological, psychological, and reproductive health, yet remain understudied among university students in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess menstrual characteristics using a composite menstrual irregularity (CMI) score and identified key determinants among female undergraduates in Chittagong. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 469 female undergraduates from three universities in Chittagong, Bangladesh (September 2024-May 2025). The CMI score and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were used for assessing menstrual irregularity and stress level respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models have been applied; results are shown as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of 469 participants (240 non-medical, 229 medical; median age 22 years [IQR 21-23]), 81.2% met CMI-1 (mild irregularity), 45.5% met CMI-2 (moderate irregularity), and 16.9% met CMI-3 (severe irregularity). Metrorrhagia was the strongest predictor across all thresholds (CMI-1: AOR 4.37 [1.26-27.65]; CMI-2: AOR 3.12 [1.53-6.71]; CMI-3: AOR 3.27 [1.53-6.83]; all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Middle-range income (20,000-40,000 BDT) elevated CMI-1 odds (AOR 5.52 [1.78-17.88]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.003). In stratified analyzes, late menarche predicted irregularity exclusively among non-medical students (CMI-1: AOR 2.71 [1.22-6.50]; CMI-2: AOR 1.93 [1.06-3.57]; CMI-3: AOR 2.37 [1.08-5.31]; all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05); married status was protective against CMI-2 in non-medical students (AOR 0.24 [0.08-0.65]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.006); and hostel residence increased CMI-2 odds in medical students (AOR 2.73 [1.17-6.72]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.023). High perceived stress was not independently associated with any threshold. The Internet and mass media were the primary sources of menstrual knowledge (52.5%). Menstrual irregularity is prevalent and multidimensionally patterned among female undergraduates in Bangladesh. Perceived stress, though elevated among non-medical students, was not independently associated with irregularity in adjusted models. Metrorrhagia, income, late menarche, and living arrangements are key modifiable factors. These findings support targeted university health interventions and evidence-based menstrual health policies in Bangladesh.