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In this work, we study three families of locally graded groups with finitely many orbits under automorphisms. We prove that: (i) a residually finite group with finitely many orbits under automorphisms is locally finite and has finite exponent; (ii) a finitely generated locally graded group with finitely many orbits under automorphisms is finite; and (iii) the Mal'cev $\mathbb{Q}$-completion of an $r$-generated free nilpotent group of class $c$ has finitely many orbits under automorphisms if and only if either $r = 2$ and $c = 3$, or $c \leq 2$

We study the Localization game on locally finite graphs trees, where each of the countably many vertices have finite degree. In contrast to the finite case, we construct a locally finite tree with localization number $n$ for any choice of positive integer $n$. Our examples have uncountably many ends, and we show that this is necessary by proving that locally finite trees with finitely or countably many ends have localization number at most 2. Finally, as is the case for finite graphs, we prove that any locally finite graph contains a subdivision where one cop can capture the robber.

We study the locally analytic theory of infinite level local Shimura varieties. As a main result, we prove that in the case of a duality of local Shimura varieties, the locally analytic vectors of different period sheaves at infinite level are independent of the actions of the $p$-adic Lie groups $G$ and $G_b$ of the two towers; this generalizes a result of Pan for the Lubin-Tate and Drinfeld spaces for $\mathrm{GL}_2$. We apply this theory to show that Scholze's $p$-adic Jacquet-Langlands functor commutes with the passage to locally analytic vectors, and is compatible with central characters of Lie algebras. We also prove that the compactly supported de Rham cohomology of the two towers are isomorphic as smooth representations of $G\times G_b$.

In the Heisenberg picture of unitary quantum theory, Bell inequalities are violated with local elements of reality interacting locally. Here is how: Upon measuring her particle of the entangled pair, Alice -- like other coupled systems -- smoothly and locally evolves into two non-interacting versions of herself, each of which records a different outcome: she foliates. Everything that suitably interacts with the Alices foliates in turn, generating worlds which, for all practical purposes, remain distinct and autonomous. At spacelike separation, an analogous yet independent process occurs to Bob when he measures his particle, locally differentiating him and his surroundings into two non-interacting instances. To confirm the violation of Bell inequalities, Alice and Bob must further interact to produce a record of the joint outcomes. The record arises from the two local worlds of Alice, and those of Bob, and foliates into four instances: '00', '01', '10' and '11'. The outcomes that win the Clauser--Horne--Shimony--Holt (CHSH) game sum to a measure of $\cos^2(π/8)$.

We formally introduce and study locally-balanced Markov jump processes (LBMJPs) defined on a general state space. These continuous-time stochastic processes with a user-specified limiting distribution are designed for sampling in settings involving discrete parameters and/or non-smooth distributions, addressing limitations of other processes such as the overdamped Langevin diffusion. The paper establishes the well-posedness, non-explosivity, and ergodicity of LBMJPs under mild conditions. We further explore regularity properties such as the Feller property and characterise the weak generator of the process. We then derive conditions for exponential ergodicity via spectral gaps and establish comparison theorems for different balancing functions. In particular we show an equivalence between the spectral gaps of Metropolis--Hastings algorithms and LBMJPs with bounded balancing function, but show that LBMJPs can exhibit uniform ergodicity on unbounded state spaces when the balancing function is unbounded, even when the limiting distribution is not sub-Gaussian. We also establish a diffusion limit for an LBMJP in the small jump limit, and discuss applications to Monte Carlo sampling and

We develop the theory of locally rigid and rigid symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categories over an arbitrary base $\mathcal{V}\in\mathrm{CAlg}(\mathbf{Pr}^\mathrm{L})$. Among other things, we prove that every locally rigid commutative $\mathcal{V}$-algebra arises as a ``completion'' of a rigid commutative $\mathcal{V}$-algebra. Along the way, we introduce and study ``$\mathcal{V}$-atomic morphisms'', which are analogues of compact morphisms over an arbitrary base $\mathcal{V}$.

We consider a private hypothesis testing scenario, including both symmetric and asymmetric testing, based on classical data samples. The utility is measured by the error exponents, namely the Chernoff information and the relative entropy, while privacy is measured in terms of classical or quantum local differential privacy. In this scenario, we show a quantum advantage with respect to the optimal privacy-utility trade-off (PUT) in certain cases. Specifically, we focus on distributions referred to as smoothed point mass distributions, along with the uniform distribution, as hypotheses. We then derive upper bounds on the optimal PUTs achievable by classical privacy mechanisms, which are tight in specific instances. To show the quantum advantage, we propose a particular quantum privacy mechanism that achieves better PUTs than these upper bounds in both symmetric and asymmetric testing. The proposed mechanism consists of a classical-quantum channel that prepares symmetric, informationally complete (SIC) states, followed by a depolarizing channel.

We establish a concavity principle for solutions to elliptic and parabolic equations on locally symmetric spaces with nonnegative sectional curvature, extending the results of Langford and Scheuer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first general concavity principle established on spaces with non-constant sectional curvature.

In this paper, we uncover an intriguing algebra property of an element symmetric polynomial. By this property, we establish the longtime existence and convergence of a locally constrained flow, thereby some families of geometric inequalities in sphere can be derived. Meanwhile, a new family of ``three terms'' geometric inequalities involving two weighted curvature integrals and one quermassintegral are proved. Unlike hyperbolic spaces, we also obtain an inverse weighted geometric inequality in sphere.

We study locally compact contractive local groups, that is, locally compact local groups with a contractive pseudo-automorphism. We prove that if such an object is locally connected, then it is locally isomorphic to a Lie group. We also prove a related structure theorem for locally compact contractive local groups which are not necessarily locally connected. These results are local analogues of theorems for locally compact contractive groups.

We present some examples of locally conformal symplectic structures of the first kind on compact nilmanifolds which do not admit Vaisman metrics. One of these examples does not admit locally conformal Kähler metrics and all the structures come from left-invariant locally conformal symplectic structures on the corresponding nilpotent Lie groups. Under certain topological restrictions related with the compactness of the canonical foliation, we prove a structure theorem for locally conformal symplectic manifolds of the first kind. In the non compact case, we show that they are the product of a real line with a compact contact manifold and, in the compact case, we obtain that they are mapping tori of compact contact manifolds by strict contactomorphisms. Motivated by the aforementioned examples, we also study left-invariant locally conformal symplectic structures on Lie groups. In particular, we obtain a complete description of these structures (with non-zero Lee $1$-form) on connected simply connected nilpotent Lie groups in terms of locally conformal symplectic extensions and symplectic double extensions of symplectic nilpotent Lie groups. In order to obtain this description, we stud

Locally recoverable codes (LRCs) are classical error-correcting codes widely used in large scale distributed and cloud storage systems. Quantum locally recoverable codes (quantum LRCs) are the quantum counterpart of classical LRCs. They allow us to correct erasures at several positions from a trace-preserving quantum operation acting on qudits of a larger set of positions. Parameters and localities of quantum LRCs satisfy a Singleton-like bound; codes attaching this bound are named to be optimal. Quantum LRCs, $\mathcal{Q}(\mathcal{C})$, can be constructed from classical Hermitian (or Euclidean) dual containing codes $\mathcal{C}$, and their recovery abilities are upper bounded by the minimum distance of the Hermitian (or Euclidean) dual of those codes. We consider matrix-product codes (MPCs) $\mathcal{C}$ and give constituent matrices and conditions on the constituent codes such that the codes $\mathcal{C}$ satisfy the conditions to provide quantum LRCs. As consequence, we are able to provide the locality and parameters of the quantum LRCs $\mathcal{Q}(\mathcal{C})$ and determine families of optimal quantum LRCs derived from them.

This paper introduces a notion of presentation for locally inverse semigroups and develops a graph structure to describe the elements of locally inverse semigroups given by these presentations. These graphs will have a role similar to the role that Cayley graphs have for group presentations or that Schützenberger graphs have for inverse monoid presentations. However, our graphs have considerable differences with the latter two, even though locally inverse semigroups generalize both groups and inverse semigroups. For example, the graphs introduced here are not `inverse word graphs'. Instead, they are bipartite graphs with both oriented and non-oriented edges, and with labels on the oriented edges only. A byproduct of the theory developed here is the introduction of a graphical method for dealing with general locally inverse semigroups. These graphs are able to describe, for a locally inverse semigroup given by a presentation, many of the usual concepts used to study the structure of semigroups, such as the idempotents, the inverses of an element, the Green's relations, and the natural partial order. Finally, the paper ends characterizing the semigroups belonging to some usual subcla

The purpose of this paper is to make a comprehensive connection between the basic results and properties derived from the two kinds of topologies (namely the $(ε,λ)-$topology introduced by the author and the stronger locally $L^{0}-$convex topology recently introduced by Filipovi$\acute{c}$ et. al) for a random locally convex module. First, we give an extremely simple proof of the known Hahn-Banach extension theorem of $L^{0}-$linear functions as well as its continuous variants. Then we give the essential relations between the hyperplane separation theorems in [Filipovi$\acute{c}$ et. al, J. Funct. Anal.256(2009)3996--4029] and a basic strict separation theorem in [Guo et. al, Nonlinear Anal. 71(2009)3794--3804]: in the process obtain a useful and surprising fact that a random locally convex module with the countable concatenation property must have the same completeness under the two topologies! Based on the relation between the two kinds of completeness, we go on to present the central part of this paper: we prove that most of the previously established deep results of random conjugate spaces of random normed modules under the $(ε,λ)-$topology are still valid under the locally $L

A theorem of A. Weil asserts that a topological group embeds as a (dense) subgroup of a locally compact group if and only if it contains a non-empty precompact open set; such groups are called locally precompact. Within the class of locally precompact groups, the authors classify those groups with the following topological properties: Dieudonné completeness; local realcompactness; realcompactness; hereditary realcompactness; connectedness; local connectedness; zero-dimensionality. They also prove that an abelian locally precompact group occurs as the quasi-component of a topological group if and only if it is precompactly generated, that is, it is generated algebraically by a precompact subset.

While the existing literature on Differential Privacy (DP) auditing predominantly focuses on the centralized model (e.g., in auditing the DP-SGD algorithm), we advocate for extending this approach to audit Local DP (LDP). To achieve this, we introduce the LDP-Auditor framework for empirically estimating the privacy loss of locally differentially private mechanisms. This approach leverages recent advances in designing privacy attacks against LDP frequency estimation protocols. More precisely, through the analysis of numerous state-of-the-art LDP protocols, we extensively explore the factors influencing the privacy audit, such as the impact of different encoding and perturbation functions. Additionally, we investigate the influence of the domain size and the theoretical privacy loss parameters $ε$ and $δ$ on local privacy estimation. In-depth case studies are also conducted to explore specific aspects of LDP auditing, including distinguishability attacks on LDP protocols for longitudinal studies and multidimensional data. Finally, we present a notable achievement of our LDP-Auditor framework, which is the discovery of a bug in a state-of-the-art LDP Python package. Overall, our LDP-A

Continuing our research on extensions of locally compact quantum groups, we give a classification of all cocycle matched pairs of Lie algebras in small dimensions and prove that all of them can be exponentiated to cocycle matched pairs of Lie groups. Hence, all of them give rise to locally compact quantum groups by the cocycle bicrossed product construction. We also clarify the notion of an extension of locally compact quantum groups by relating it to the concept of a closed normal quantum subgroup and the quotient construction. Finally, we describe the infinitesimal objects of locally compact quantum quantum groups with 2 and 3 generators - Hopf *-algebras and Lie bialgebras.

We show that every amenable group with a locally invariant partial order has a left-invariant total order (and is therefore locally indicable). We also show that if a group G admits a left-invariant total order, and H is a locally nilpotent subgroup of G, then a left-invariant total order on G can be chosen so that its restriction to H is both left-invariant and right-invariant. Both results follow from recurrence properties of the action of G on its binary relations.