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The Impact Factor (IF) is considered the best quality indicator for evaluation of scientific journals but has been criticized on many accounts, and its limitations have already been described extensively. New bibliometrics indicators, accepted by the scientific community, has been considered to evaluate quality ranking for journals using more complex algorithms and other databases. The aim of this study was to evaluated three indices of journal scientific impact: (IF), Eigenfactor Score (ES), and SCImago Journal Rank indicator (SJR), of mainstream Anatomy and Morphology journals in 2014. Specific anatomical and morphological journals were selected from Anatomy & Morphology category of Web of Science. The 2014 IFs and ESs were obtained from Journal Citation Report and the SJR from the SCImago Journal and country rank website. We listed the journals and retrieved information by matching their international standard serial number. All journals were compared regarding their 2014 IF, ES and SJR and correlations between indices were evaluated using Pearson correlation. Twenty Anatomy and Morphology journals were identified, all indexed in both databases. The highest IF was 17 and lower 0.318. According to Eigenfactor score, the first place in the ranking was 0.01843 and the lower 0.00044, and to JRS the first position to 1.795 and the last position to 0.228. None of the journals had the same ranking to compare different indicators. Comparison between the IF and EF as well as the SJR yielded negative correlation (r= -0.012 and r= -0.037, respectively). All the analyzed journals have the highest standard of quality since they are indexed in the two most prestigious databases, WoS and Scopus. IF is the main index used by researchers for ranking the anatomy and morphology journals, but several shortcomings should be taken into account when they are using this index alone. SJR and ES can be more accurate quality indexes in certain conditions. It is recommended considering all these indices when judging the quality of the anatomy and morphology journals.

The International Journal of Corpus Linguistics (IJCL) publishes original research covering methodological, applied and theoretical work in any area of corpus linguistics. Through its focus on empirical language research, IJCL provides a forum for the presentation of new findings and innovative approaches in any area of linguistics (e.g. lexicology, grammar, discourse analysis, stylistics, sociolinguistics, morphology, contrastive linguistics), applied linguistics (e.g. language teaching, forensic linguistics), and translation studies. Based on its interest in corpus methodology, IJCL also invites contributions on the interface between corpus and computational linguistics. The journal has a major reviews section publishing book reviews as well as corpus and software reviews. The language of the journal is English, but contributions are also invited on studies of languages other than English. IJCL occasionally publishes special issues (for details please contact the editor). All contributions are peer-reviewed. IJCL publishes its articles Online First.

AIM: To investigate the root and canal morphology of Burmese maxillary molars using a canal staining and tooth clearing technique. METHODOLOGY: Maxillary molars (239) were collected from indigenous Burmese patients and designated; first (90), second (77), third (72) molars. Following pulp tissue removal and canal system staining with Indian ink, the teeth were decalcified with 10% nitric acid, dehydrated and cleared with methyl salicylate. The following features were evaluated: (i) number of roots and morphology; (ii) number of canals per root: (iii) root canal configuration (Vertucci's classification); (iv) number of apical foramina per root; (v) number and location of lateral canals; and (vi) the presence of intercanal communications. RESULTS: All first and second molars had three separate roots, whilst third molars had one of five different root forms, of which three separate (25%) or fused (31%) roots were most prevalent. The majority of palatal (100%) and disto-buccal (96%) roots possessed one canal (type I). The prevalence of mesio-buccal roots with two canals decreased from first to third molars (68%, 49%, 39%, respectively); type II (two orifices, one apical foramen) and IV (two orifices, two apical foramina) configurations were the most common. Single/fused rooted third molars had a range of number and type of canals. Most roots in all molars had one apical foramen, those with four apical foramina were confined to third molars. Intercanal communications were most prevalent in mesio-buccal roots and two/three fused rooted third molars. Lateral canals were most prevalent in the apical third of the roots of all molars. CONCLUSIONS: The mesio-buccal roots of Burmese maxillary molars possessed a variety of canal system types. Over 50% of the first and second molars had a second mesio-buccal canal, of which over 20% had intercanal communications. The palatal and disto-buccal canals mainly had type I canals. Lateral canals were equally prevalent in all tooth types but were most common in the apical third.

Abstract. Growth factors and/or angiogenic factors are supposed to improve wound healing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous pretreatment with combinatory proangiogenic factors on wound closure, mechan-ical properties, vessel density and morphology. Twenty-eight Balb/c mice were divided equally into two groups. A mixture of VEGF (35.0 µg), bFGF (2.5 µg) and PdGF (3.5 µg) was administered subcutaneously 3, 5 and 7 days to 14 mice before full thickness skin punch biopsy wounding, whereas 14 control animals received three injections of 0.2 ml saline solution. Wound sizes were assessed daily and the repaired tissues were harvested 7 days after complete wound closure. Complete closure (≥95 % healing of initial wound area) was reached in all proangiogenic pretreated animals on day 10, whereas controls needed 13 days for complete closure. Tensile strengths were nearly twofold higher compared to the controls (p≤0.01). The punch biopsy material revealed 4.2-fold higher vessel densities in the proangiogenic pretreated group. On day 17, the vessel densities in the proangiogenic pretreated wounds were also 3.2-fold higher compared to the untreated controls. No significant differences were seen in the collagen ratio. Pretreatment with proangiogenic factors revealed several significant effects on wound healing: faster time to closure, a higher vessel density and a better functional outcome. These results suggest a beneficial effect of pretreatment with combinatory growth factors in mouse skin wounds without impaired wound healing. This might be exploited in further investigations in diabetic healing as a therapeutic approach for elective surgery.

Carbon encapsulated iron-cementite Fe–Fe3C nanoparticles with ‘‘core–shell’’ architecture, were synthesized by a single-step solid-state pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine at the temperature 900 ◦C with pyrolysis time of 180 min. The morphology and size distribution of the fabricated nanocomposites have been investigated using high resolution transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopies which revealed Fe–Fe3C nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 7.5 nm embedded in a carbon matrix. The structure, composition, and morphology of Fe–Fe3C nanoparticles in the carbon matrix were analyzed by X-ray based techniques combined with Reactive Force-Field Molecular Dynamics simulations, Mössbauer spectroscopy to outline the ‘‘core–shell’’ architecture. Such evidence is further supported by the magnetic features of hysteresis loops at 10 and 300 K as well as the magnetization of Fe–Fe3C nanoparticles is properly approximated with magnetic contributions of Fe and Fe3C bulk counterparts.

Two morphologically distinct cell lines, GP2d and GP5d, derived from the same adenocarcinoma of the colon, have been established and characterised. Both clones have the same genetic changes, consistent with the usual pattern of tumour progression in colon cancer. The cells also have an inverted duplication of bands 10q11 to 10q21, but Southern blot analysis failed to identify any translocations involving the ret protooncogene, which maps to this region. GP2d grew by spreading from the edges of microcolonies to form a confluent layer of cells. GP5d grew in discrete islands of cells forming multilayered colonies. These differing patterns of growth correlated with variation in expression or cellular distribution of ?2-integrin, desmoplakin and e-cadherin. Only GP2d responded to exogenously added epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF?) or insulin with an increase in cell numbers, even though both cell lines possessed similar numbers of EGF receptors. Analysis of EGF receptor ligand expression showed that GP5d cells expressed relatively more TGF? mRNA than did GP2d; in contrast, amphiregulin mRNA, which was abundant in GP2d, was virtually undetectable in GP5d. Even though GP5d failed to exhibit a growth response to EGF, it underwent a marked epithelial-mesenchymal transition when treated with EGF, indicating separation of growth and morphological responses to EGF.

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking and abnormal serum cholesterol concentrations are risk factors for acute coronary syndromes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether cigarette smoking and abnormal cholesterol values may precipitate acute coronary thrombosis and sudden death resulting from either rupture of vulnerable coronary plaques or erosion of plaques. METHODS: We examined the hearts of 113 men with coronary disease who had died suddenly and also analyzed their coronary risk factors. We found an acute coronary thrombus in each of 59 men, and severe narrowing of the coronary artery by an atherosclerotic plaque without acute thrombosis (stable plaque) in 54. Cases of acute thrombosis were divided into two groups: 41 resulting from rupture of a vulnerable plaque (a thin fibrous cap overlying a lipid-rich core), and 18 resulting from the erosion of a fibrous plaque rich in smooth-muscle cells and proteoglycans. Vulnerable plaques that had not ruptured were counted in each heart. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was a risk factor in 44 (75 percent) of the men with acute thrombosis, as compared with 22 (41 percent) of the men with stable plaques (P<0.001). The mean (+/-SD) ratio of serum total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was markedly elevated in the men who died of acute thrombosis with plaque rupture (mean, 8.5+/-4.0) but only mildly elevated in the men without acute thrombosis (5.5+/-2.4; P<0.001) and in the men with thrombi overlying eroded plaques (5.0+/-1.8; P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed an association between an elevated ratio of serum total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and the presence of vulnerable plaques (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among men with coronary disease who die suddenly, abnormal serum cholesterol concentrations - particularly elevated ratios of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol - predispose patients to rupture of vulnerable plaques, whereas cigarette smoking predisposes patients to acute thrombosis.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (IJPSR) is an official publication of Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research. It is an open access online and print International Journal published monthly. Website: www.ijpsr.com Projected Impact Factor (2012): 2.44, ICV 2012: 5.50, 2011: 5.07, 2010: 4.57 DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232 SJ Impact Factor (2012): 3.226 Global Impact Factor (2013): 0.533, (2012): 0.452 Indexing - EMBASE- Elsevier's

Steel slag is a byproduct of the steelmaking and steel refining processes. This paper provides an overview of the different types of steel slag that are generated from basic-oxygen-furnace (BOF) steelmaking, electric-arc-furnace (EAF) steelmaking, and ladle-furnace steel refining processes. The mineralogical and morphological properties of BOF and electric-arc-furnace-ladle [EAF(L)] slag samples generated from two steel plants in Indiana were determined through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies. The XRD patterns of both BOF and EAF(L) slag samples were very complex, with several overlapping peaks resulting from the many minerals present in these samples. The XRD analyses indicated the presence of free MgO and CaO in both the BOF and EAF(L) slag samples. SEM micrographs showed that the majority of the sand-size steel slag particles had subangular to angular shapes. Very rough surface textures with distinct crystal structures were observed on the sand-size particles of BOF and EAF(L) slag samples under SEM. The characteristics of the steel slag samples considered in this study are discussed in the context of a detailed review of steel slag properties.

The rho proteins, p21rho, are ubiquitously expressed guanine nucleotide binding proteins with approximately 30% amino acid homology to p21ras, but their biochemical function is unknown. We show here that microinjection of constitutively activated recombinant rho protein (Val14rho) into subconfluent cells induces dramatic changes in cell morphology: 15-30 min after injection cells adopt a distinct and novel phenotype with a contracted cell body and finger-like processes still adherent to the substratum. Ribosylation of Val14rho with the ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 from clostridium botulinum, before microinjection, renders the protein biologically inactive, but it has no effect on either its intrinsic biochemical properties or on its interaction with the GTPase activating protein, rho GAP. Micro-injection of ribosylated normal rho, on the other hand, has a similar effect of injection of C3 transferase and induces complete rounding up of cells. We also report striking biochemical changes in actin filament organization when contact-inhibited quiescent 3T3 cells are injected with Val14rho protein. The effects induced by activation or inactivation of p21rho described here, suggest that the biological function of this protein is to control some aspect of cytoskeletal organization.

The forces and events leading to the formation of the International Seminar on Urban Form (ISUF) are identified. ISUF is expanding the field of urban morphology beyond its original confines in geography, particularly into the domains of architecture and planning. Three schools of urban morphology, in England, Italy and France, are coming together, following seminal work by two morphologists, M.R.G. Conzen and Saverio Muratori. The bringing together of these schools provides the basis for an interdisciplinary field and the opportunity to establish common theoretical foundations for the growing number of urban morphologists in many parts of the world. ISUF's ambitious mission is to address real and timely issues concerning city building by providing a forum for thought and action which includes related disciplines and professions in different cultures. The potential of an interdisciplinary urban morphology to contribute to the understanding and management of urban development in a period of unprecedented change is discussed.

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disease and presents with cognitive impairment, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, increased risk of hematological malignancy and several autoimmune conditions in addition to other miscellaneous clinical conditionsThe aim is to show if the comorbidities that children with Down Sy have, were risk factors for more severe form of COVID-19.We present three cases of children with Down Sy and COVID-19, with different clinical features.All of them had good clinical outcome, only the first child had more severe form of Covid 19 with need for oxygen support, longer hospitalization but with good clinical improvement and withdrawal of the X-ray changes.Children with Down Sy are always a high-risk group for more severe and prolonged course of disease, which are partially attributed to defects of the immune system.

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.

Journal Article Principles of Insect Morphology Get access PRINCIPLES OF INSECT MORPHOLOGY, by SNODGRASS R. E.. Pages i-ix and 1-667, 319 figures, 1935. Published by McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York and London. Price, $6.00. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 28, Issue 3, 1 September 1935, Page 408, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/28.3.408 Published: 01 September 1935

This study reports the results of using minimum description length (MDL) analysis to model unsupervised learning of the morphological segmentation of European languages, using corpora ranging in size from 5,000 words to 500,000 words. We develop a set of heuristics that rapidly develop a probabilistic morphological grammar, and use MDL as our primary tool to determine whether the modifications proposed by the heuristics will be adopted or not. The resulting grammar matches well the analysis that would be developed by a human morphologist. In the final section, we discuss the relationship of this style of MDL grammatical analysis to the notion of evaluation metric in early generative grammar.

Journal Article Morphology of the Female Organs of Reproduction in the Miridae (Hemiptera) Get access Norman T. Davis Norman T. Davis Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Volume 48, Issue 3, 1 May 1955, Pages 132–150, https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/48.3.132 Published: 01 May 1955

Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and protection of abandoned buildings is possible using new technologies in order to create a knowledge base to maintain the original condition of buildings as long as possible. This paper presents the digital geometric survey, combining photogrammetry and photogrammetry with drone for the documentation of a building located in the Riviera Romagnola. The fundamental task to survey historic buildings, in order to document their geometric and morphological features with very high accuracy, becomes an important incentive for the use of innovative hybrid approach. The building case study is the Woodpecker nightclub built in 1966 and abandoned in 1970 due to a fire that devastated the structure.

Recently, femoroacetabular impingement has been recognised as a cause of early osteoarthritis. There are two mechanisms of impingement: 1) cam impingement caused by a non-spherical head and 2) pincer impingement caused by excessive acetabular cover. We hypothesised that both mechanisms result in different patterns of articular damage. Of 302 analysed hips only 26 had an isolated cam and 16 an isolated pincer impingement. Cam impingement caused damage to the anterosuperior acetabular cartilage with separation between the labrum and cartilage. During flexion, the cartilage was sheared off the bone by the non-spherical femoral head while the labrum remained untouched. In pincer impingement, the cartilage damage was located circumferentially and included only a narrow strip. During movement the labrum is crushed between the acetabular rim and the femoral neck causing degeneration and ossification. Both cam and pincer impingement lead to osteoarthritis of the hip. Labral damage indicates ongoing impingement and rarely occurs alone.

Scientists studying decades of pygmy sperm whale strandings have uncovered three previously unknown types of Helicobacter bacteria hiding in the animals’ stomachs。 All four infected whales showed serious digestive damage, including inflammation, ulcers, scarring, and parasite infestations, although the bacteria were not confirmed as the cause of de