搜索结果：Journal of experimental psychology. General

We aimed to evaluate the multicomponent School of Caring program supporting caregivers of patients with dementia with respect to caregiver burden, quality of life, emotional well-being, self-efficacy, and social support. We conducted a quasi-experimental pre-/postintervention study with a 6-month follow-up conducted in primary care in Spain. Participants were caregivers of dependent people with dementia. Sociodemographic characteristics and information regarding care tasks were collected using an ad hoc questionnaire. We evaluated the program's effectiveness using the Zarit Burden Interview, EuroQol 5 dimensions 3 levels scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Warwik-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and Oslo Social Support Scale, validated questionnaires to assess caregiver burden, quality of life, self-efficacy, emotional well-being, and social support. The analysis compared the results of the outcomes at 3 time points (baseline, postintervention, and follow-up). We used multivariate regression to identify characteristics related to improvements produced by the program. The School of Caring program was delivered to 8 groups, comprising 14-19 participants/group, from 2019 to 2023. A total of 132 caregivers completed the program and were evaluated pre-/postintervention, 33 (25%) of whom were lost to follow-up. The program produced significant improvements in all outcomes, which was maintained up to 6 months postintervention. At this stage, inexperienced caregivers showed the greatest improvement compared with former caregivers relative to burden levels. Overall, the amount of time dedicated to caregiving each day and experiencing a health issue were the elements that most significantly affected caregiver burden and quality of life. The School of Caring program produced notable improvements in the burden and well-being of informal caregivers of dependent people with dementia. The findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of group-based, community primary care programs that support caregivers of people with high care demands such as dependent people with dementia.

The 2023 iteration of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) estimated prevalence, incidence, and health burden for 375 diseases and injuries, including 12 mental disorders. We assess past, current, and emerging trends in the prevalence and burden of mental disorders across sexes and age groups, for 21 regions, 204 countries and territories, and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, from 1990 to 2023. Mental disorders included in GBD 2023 were anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, idiopathic developmental intellectual disability, and a residual category of other mental disorders. A literature review identified epidemiological data for each disorder. These were analysed via a Bayesian meta-regression to estimate prevalence by disorder, sex, age, location, and year. Disorder-specific prevalence was multiplied by disability weights representing the severity of health loss associated with each disorder to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Deaths due to anorexia nervosa were assessed with a Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to estimate deaths by sex, age, location, and year, and then multiplied by the standard life expectancy at age of death to estimate years of life lost (YLLs). YLDs equalled disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for all mental disorders except anorexia nervosa (the only mental disorder considered as an underlying cause of death in GBD), for which DALYs represented the sum of YLDs and YLLs. We presented prevalence, deaths, YLDs, YLLs, and DALYs as counts, age-specific rates per 100 000 population, and age-standardised rates per 100 000 population. We estimated 1·17 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·06-1·31) prevalent cases of mental disorders globally in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised prevalence rate of 14 210·7 cases (12 849·5-15 940·1) per 100 000 population. These estimates represented a 95·5% (75·0-121·2) increase in prevalent cases and 24·2% (11·4-41·4) increase in age-standardised prevalence rate between 1990 and 2023. All mental disorders showed increases in prevalent cases between 1990 and 2023, while notable increases were seen in age-standardised prevalence rates for anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, schizophrenia, and conduct disorder. There were an estimated 171 million (127-228) DALYs due to mental disorders globally across sex and age in 2023, equivalent to an age-standardised DALY rate of 2070·5 DALYs (1519·1-2750·5) per 100 000 population. Mental disorders contributed to 6·1% (4·8-7·6) of all-cause DALYs in 2023, making them the fifth leading cause of global DALYs (up from 12th in 1990). DALYs were almost entirely composed of YLDs. Mental disorders were the leading cause of YLDs in 2023 (up from second in 1990), explaining 17·3% (14·8-20·6) of all-cause global YLDs. Leading causes of mental disorder DALYs were anxiety disorders (ranked 11th among the 304 diseases and injuries at Level 4 of the GBD cause hierarchy), major depressive disorder (15th), and schizophrenia (41st). Globally in 2023, mental disorder age-standardised DALY rates were higher among females (2239·6 [1643·7-3014·1] per 100 000) than among males (1900·2 [1399·8-2510·8] per 100 000), and peaked in the 15-19 years age group (2617·3 [1850·6-3696·8] per 100 000). All locations showed increased mental disorder DALY rates in 2023 compared with 1990, ranging across countries and territories from 1302·4 (952·7-1683·7) per 100 000 in Viet Nam to 3555·8 (2661·9-4715·0) per 100 000 in the Netherlands. Across SDI quintiles, DALY rates ranged from 1853·0 (1352·1-2469·3) per 100 000 for middle SDI to 2184·1 (1606·1-2890·3) per 100 000 for high SDI. A significant health burden was imposed by mental disorders in all countries and territories in 2023, irrespective of the health resources available. In some instances, this burden has increased over time and is unevenly distributed across populations. Stronger surveillance systems, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries, are required. Additionally, we need more coordinated and inclusive policies to reduce the burden through early treatment and prevention, tailored to sex and age differences across locations. Responding to the mental health needs of our global population, especially those most vulnerable, is an obligation, not a choice. Gates Foundation, Queensland Health, and University of Queensland.

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the experimental version of the EuroQol Health and Wellbeing (EQ-HWB) nine instrument (EQ-HWB-9) (2022) version and to compare its measurement performance with that of the EQ-5D-5L in the general Chinese population. Data were collected through a national online survey with a representative sample of the general population across different geographical regions in China (N = 1037). The survey included the EQ-HWB-9, the EQ-5D-5L, and sociodemographic information, etc. The level sum score (LSS) was analyzed as the primary outcome for comparisons between the EQ-HWB-9 and EQ-5D-5L, whereas index scores were secondary given EQ-HWB-9 used the UK pilot value set while the EQ-5D-5L used the China's. Analyses included Bland-Altman agreement, response distribution, Spearman correlations for convergent validity, and known-group validity using effect sizes and sensitivity using relative efficiency (RE). The Bland‒Altman plot indicated good agreement between the LSS of the instruments. The ceiling effect for the EQ-HWB-9 (6.0%) was much lower than that for the EQ-5D-5L (31.2%), and no floor effect was observed. Moderate to strong correlations were shown for most overlapping items of the EQ-HWB-9 and EQ-5D-5L. In the comparison of known-group validity, both instruments demonstrated comparable performance in distinguishing between groups in terms of sex, age, health status, and disease status. For the overall health-related known groups, the EQ-HWB-9 seems to be more sensitive than the EQ-5D-5L in identifying differences. The EQ-HWB-9 shows good psychometric performance in the general Chinese population. Compared with the EQ-5D-5L, its reduced ceiling effect and comparable known-group validity support the potential application as a complementary instrument.

Reports the notice of retraction of "Dehumanization without antipathy: Subtle and blatant measures reveal a shared regulatory function" by Katrina M. Fincher, Asteya Percaya and Starlett Hartley (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Advanced Online Publication, Oct 27, 2025, np; see record 2026-79271-001). A reader reported an error in the paper's reference list. Further inspection identified nine references with multiple other errors. In addition, errors in data processing and reporting were identified that affected the structure of the data and the resulting analyses, leading to changes in parameter estimates and the statistical significance of several reported effects. The article authors were made aware of these issues and confirmed errors in data analysis and in the reporting of the results as well as non-disclosed possible use of artificial intelligence tools in the generation of the reference list. The authors revised the analyses and updated the data and code that was posted to the online repository and drafted corrections to the paper. After reviewing the corrections, the Editor determined that the nature and scope of errors in the published paper were beyond what could be addressed with a correction notice. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2026-79271-001.) Dehumanization, the perception of others as less than fully human, is widely invoked in discourse on ethnopolitical conflict. Yet its validity as a psychological construct has come under growing scrutiny. Critics have questioned its divergent validity, arguing it may merely reflect interpersonal and intergroup bias, and its convergent validity, given the proliferation of diverse and potentially unrelated measures. The present research speaks to both concerns by leveraging the context of contagious disease, which introduces motivational conflict between recognizing others' humanity and managing personal risk. Because contagious disease threatens friends and family as much as strangers, this context provides a stringent test of whether dehumanization operates independently of prejudice. It also enables a test of functional convergence: whether diverse dehumanization measures respond in parallel to a shared motivational input. Findings from six studies (N = 5,253) assessing four common operationalizations-blatant dehumanization, animalization, mechanization, and mind denial-support the construct's distinctiveness and its coherence. Contagion cues reliably elicited dehumanization, and this effect was not moderated by relational closeness: Perceived disease risk increased dehumanization equally for friends and family. Findings also support the construct's coherence: All four measures responded similarly to disease threat. Multilevel models treating the measure as a random effect revealed substantial shared variance across operationalizations. Together, these findings support the distinctiveness and coherence of psychological conceptions of dehumanization as a flexible regulatory mechanism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Both single-lab and multilab replication studies have consistently demonstrated that merely seeing small- or large-magnitude Arabic number cues at central fixation does not shift an observer's attention toward ensuing visual targets into the left and right hemispace, respectively. Other investigations showed no consistent shifts of attention even when, following the detection of lateral targets, participants were asked to process the magnitude of preceding central Arabic cues. Shaki and Fischer (2024) have recently argued that when participants with stable left-to-right (or right-to-left) visual counting habits are asked to detect lateral targets only in trials with small- or large-magnitude cues, that is, are asked to process number magnitude ahead of target detection, then lateral shifts of attention congruent with the magnitudes of the cues and the direction of visual counting habits are observed. Here, we wished to verify this new finding in an adequately large sample of 140 left-to-right counting participants, since exploring and confirming an inherent link between number magnitude processing and spatial attention might have crucial implications in the space-number association functional bases debate. The analyses of reaction times (RTs) showed no evidence of shifts of attention induced by central Arabic cues. No shift was also found when the influence of the speed of RTs was taken into account through RT bin analyses run with vincentization procedure. These results point out that the isolated processing of number magnitude does not inherently entail the activation of a spatial representation of magnitude and the triggering of corresponding shifts of spatial attention along a left-to-right oriented mental number line. This negative evidence indirectly supports alternative views that conceive the space-number association as the product of the concomitant processing of both magnitudes, "small/large," and spatial codes, "left/right," in the task at hand. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Cannabis use (CU) among young adults continues to be an important public health issue. Interventions to support lower-risk CU during young adulthood can improve health outcomes. Mobile applications constitute a promising mode of service delivery. However, there is a lack of evidence-based apps specifically developed for young adult cannabis users. This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of a novel mobile app intervention (Joint Effort) and to assess the feasibility and outcome responsiveness of the study procedures used. A pilot study with a parallel-group randomized trial design was conducted with Canadian-based university students aged 18-30 years reporting using cannabis ≥1 day in the past month. Participants were randomly assigned on a 1:1 ratio to either an experimental group (EG) involving the use of the Joint Effort mobile app or to a control group (CG) involving a web-based brief normative feedback message. The Joint Effort mobile app was designed to support CU self-management. This theory-informed behavior change intervention aims to reinforce the use of protective behavioral strategies by targeting intention, attitude, social norms, and self-efficacy. The app's acceptability was assessed via uptake, engagement, and appreciation. The feasibility of study procedures was assessed via recruitment time, recruitment rate, and attrition rate. Outcome responsiveness was informed by participant-reported outcomes: CU frequency, intention to take action on CU, protective behavioral strategies use, severity of dependence, and psychological distress. All data were collected using a web-based survey at baseline, one-month (T1), and 2-month (T2) postbaseline. Descriptive analyses were carried out on all outcomes. The recruitment period lasted 124 days, and the recruitment rate was 56% (99/178). The final dataset analyzed included 80 participants (39 in EG and 41 in CG). Mean age was 23.4 (SD 2.6) years, and 66% (53/80) self-identified as women. Study attrition was 18% (14/80). User uptake of the Joint Effort app (ie, proportion of participants in the EG who downloaded the app) was estimated at 59% (23/39), and the average time spent on it per participant was 8.2 minutes (SD 7.3; median 7.5, IQR 5.7). The app obtained a mean total score on the User Engagement Scale-Short Form of 3.8/5 (SD 0.5) and a mean app quality total score of 4.2/5 (SD 0.5) on the end user version of the Mobile App Rating Scale. The proportion of participants who reported daily CU in the past month decreased from 13% (5/39) at baseline to 4% (1/24) at T2 in the EG and from 7% (3/41) to 6% (2/36) in the CG. Joint Effort appears to be a promising, acceptable, and scalable mobile app to help young adult cannabis users who wish to better manage their CU. Findings should inform future randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of this mobile-based intervention for cannabis users.

Morality is central to human nature. Being morally accountable requires an understanding of oneself as existing through time and space and an ability to remember past events. We present the first series of studies systematically examining the frequency and characteristics of autobiographical memories for morally themed events using open-ended sampling of autobiographical memories followed by independent coding for morality, following a predefined coding scheme. Overall, the findings show that autobiographical memory plays a central role in relation to morality. Across three studies, using different cueing methods, a substantial proportion of memories referred to a moral theme, with the theme of caring (vs. harming) being especially pronounced. The frequency of memories with moral content increased with greater self-relevance of the memory cue. Across cueing conditions, we found a predominance of memories referring to events in which the person was the agent for a morally good act. Personal misdeeds, being the target for misdeeds, and the target for good deeds were remembered less frequently and dated to have taken place more distant in time. Analyses of self-rated memory characteristics showed a tendency to downplay the narrative importance and self-relevance of memories for personal misdeeds but yielded little support for the idea of impaired memory for such events. The findings are related to evolutionary theory of the development of complex social systems and integrate the study of autobiographical memory with the growing field of moral psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Reports an error in "Representations of geometric shapes have syntactic structure" by Barbu Revencu, Maxence Pajot and Stanislas Dehaene (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2026[Apr], Vol 155[4], 1081-1102; see record 2027-43747-005). The article "Representations of Geometric Shapes Have Syntactic Structure" by Barbu Revencu, Maxence Pajot, and Stanislas Dehaene (https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001890), is being made available open access under the CC BY license. The correct copyright is "© 2026 The Author(s)" and the CC-BY license disclaimer is below. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2027-43747-005.) Recent research suggests that humans use language-like mental representations for many classes of stimuli, from auditory sequences to visual shapes. However, evidence has been largely indirect, relying on stimulus complexity and compression as a proxy for internal representation. In this study, we probe the structure of geometric shape representations more directly. Instead of complexity measures, we rely on constituency tests similar to those used in linguistics and probe whether geometric shapes exhibit structural ambiguity, constituent subparts, and syntactic movement. Across three preregistered experiments (n = 136) using a rigorously controlled set of stimuli, we find robust evidence for tree structure in human adults' shape representations. First, the same shape can receive different structural representations depending on how a preceding animation organizes it. Second, subparts of shapes are easier to detect when they belong to the same subtree than when they span different subtrees. Third, shape fragments are easier to reconfigure the higher in the tree they are split. These results support the hypothesis that a geometric shape is internally represented as a hierarchical tree of constituents nested inside each other. Thus, while geometric shapes differ in many ways from natural-language sentences, they are nevertheless encoded by humans in a language-like representational format. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Older adults with cancer frequently experience high symptom burden, psychological distress, and reduced quality of life. Integrating palliative nursing interventions into routine oncology care has the potential to improve these outcomes, yet evidence examining their measurable effects remains limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of integrated palliative nursing interventions on quality of life, psychological outcomes, and symptom burden among older adults with cancer. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test-post-test design was conducted at King Khaled Hospital, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, including 80 older adults (&#x2265;60&#xa0;years) with confirmed cancer diagnosis. Participants received a structured 6-week integrated palliative nursing intervention comprising 12 sessions (2 sessions/week) addressing physical, psychological, social, functional, and spiritual needs. Outcome measures included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) for quality of life, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer for psychological outcomes, and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r) for symptom burden. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted, and data were analyzed using paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression. All 80 participants completed the study, and no attrition was observed during the 6-week intervention period. Post-intervention, participants demonstrated significant improvements in overall quality of life (FACT-G total: 39.65&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;5.51 &#x2192; 66.41&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.25, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001) and all subscales. Distress scores (NCCN) decreased from 21.93&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;2.49 to 6.99&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;2.37 (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001), and total symptom burden (ESAS) declined from 63.56&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.31 to 41.09&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.88 (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001). Regression analysis identified baseline scores as significant predictors of post-intervention outcomes: pre-intervention FACT-G scores and cancer type for quality of life [R2&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.660, F (8, 71)&#xa0;=&#xa0;17.199, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001), pre-intervention NCCN scores for distress (R2&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.219, F (8, 71)&#xa0;=&#xa0;2.487, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;.019), and pre-intervention ESAS scores for symptom burden (R2&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.757, F (8, 71)&#xa0;=&#xa0;27.697, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;.001). These results indicated that baseline status strongly predicts post-intervention outcomes, while demographic and clinical variables had minimal impact. Structured integrated palliative nursing interventions significantly enhance quality of life and reduce psychological distress and symptom burden in older adults with cancer. Incorporating multidimensional, patient-centered palliative care within routine oncology practice can improve clinical outcomes, with baseline status serving as an important determinant of intervention effectiveness.

The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) in improving quality of life and alleviating symptoms among women experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. The present study is a randomized and controlled study with a pretest-posttest design. The study sample consists of a total of 65 women calculated by using the G*Power program. Data collection was conducted using a Personal Information Form, Dysmenorrhea Diagnosis Form, Menstruation Symptom Scale, and Quality of Life Scale. The experimental group received two sessions of EFT, each lasting approximately 45-60&#x2009;min, aimed at reducing negative emotions and promoting positive coping with menstrual pain, while the control group was provided with dysmenorrhea awareness training and informational brochures as part of routine counseling. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26 software. In the EFT group, there was a significant decrease in negative effects/somatic complaints originating from menstrual symptoms and mean total scores, as well as in pain due to dysmenorrhea. Negative effects/somatic complaints from menstruation and general symptoms increased with increasing pain due to dysmenorrhea. There were significant differences in the physical function quality of life parameter in the EFT group. It was determined that EFT reduces pain, alleviates symptoms, and enhances quality of life in women with dysmenorrhea symptoms. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06129279.

Reports an error in "Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial" by Rowan Jacques-Hamilton, Jessie Sun and Luke D. Smillie (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2019[Sep], Vol 148[9], 1538-1556; see record 2018-58861-001). In the article (https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000516), it was originally reported that momentary authenticity was measured with three items (found in the ESM questionnaire section). However, one of these items was omitted, and only the remaining two were used for the statistical analyses. The omitted item was "In the past hour, how much were you putting on an act?" Furthermore, the within-person omega reliability value for momentary authenticity reported in Table 1 is incorrect. The correct value is 0.62. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-58861-001.) Evidence suggests that extraverted (i.e., bold, agentic) behavior increases positive affect (PA), and could be targeted in wellbeing interventions. However, this evidence is either causally ambiguous or has questionable ecological validity, and the potential costs of sustained extraverted behavior have received minimal attention. To address these limitations, we conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the wellbeing benefits and costs of an extraverted behavior intervention conducted in everyday life. Participants (n = 147) were randomly assigned to an "act-extraverted" intervention or a "sham" (active control) intervention for 1 week in everyday life. Additional data for a contact control condition were obtained from a previous study (n = 76). Wellbeing outcomes included PA and negative affect (NA), feelings of authenticity, and tiredness-assessed both in the moment and retrospectively. There was a positive overall effect of the acting extraverted intervention on PA and authenticity. However, wellbeing outcomes also depended on dispositional extraversion: more introverted participants had weaker PA increases, experienced increased NA and tiredness, and decreased feelings of authenticity. Implications for wellbeing interventions and personality theory are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Distortions in autobiographical memory processing are implicated in the onset and maintenance of multiple mental health problems in adults. While reduced personal memory specificity has been identified as a transdiagnostic risk factor in adolescents, less is known about other domains of memory processing, including biases in the accessibility and affective intensity of negative and positive memories. We administered a novel recall paradigm, the Good Day-Bad Day task (Hitchcock et&#xa0;al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2019, 149, 198), to assess autobiographical memory fluency for positive and negative events, memory specificity, and the Fading Affect Bias (FAB) - the extent to which the emotional intensity associated with positive memories fades less than for negative memories overtime - in adolescents, aged 16-18, at high (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;201, Mage&#x2009;=&#x2009;17.20, SD&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.60, 84.6% female, 2% other) and low clinical risk (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;117, Mage&#x2009;=&#x2009;17.10, SD&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.60, 77.8% female) of affective disorder. We found that superior recall for positive relative to negative events and a strong FAB were associated with good mental health. Risk of affective disorder was associated with a significant reduction in these positive biases and recall of a higher number of negative memories compared with Low-Risk adolescents. Memory specificity did not differ by risk status. Findings extend research on autobiographical memory processing to two novel domains in adolescence and further elucidate how differences in autobiographical memory recall may underlie mental health, with implications for the development of memory-based interventions.

Physical activity (PA) is essential for health and well-being, yet college students often struggle to maintain consistent engagement. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and latent profile analysis (LPA) to investigate how TPB constructs attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention combine within individuals to form distinct motivational configurations among Chinese college students, moving beyond variable-centered approaches that assume uniform relationships. We aimed to identify these subgroups, examine gender and age differences in subgroup membership, and compare physical activity levels across subgroups.We recruited 313 Chinese college students (M = 19.56, SD = 1.18) and used LPA to identify subgroups based on TPB constructs. A three-step method with BCH examined how gender and age related to profile membership and how profiles differed in PA.LPA identified four optimal profiles: Disengaged (9.1%), Moderately Driven (31.2%), Autonomously Active (34.2%), and Fully Integrated (25.6%). Gender significantly predicted profile membership, with female students less likely to belong to more active profiles. Age showed no significant effect. The BCH method showed that the Autonomously Active and Fully Integrated profiles had significantly higher PA than the Disengaged and Moderately Driven profiles.These four motivational configurations reveal heterogeneity in how TPB constructs combine within individuals to influence physical activity. The findings support tailoring interventions to specific profiles rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach, offering a refined foundation for both research and practice.

Visual working memory is essential for navigating through and interacting with complex real-world environments. It is therefore important to understand how natural visual inputs-characterized by complex contours, continuously varying feature gradients, and spatial relationships-are represented in working memory. However, most research in this field has focused on simplified arrays of discrete artificial objects, favoring experimental control and modeling simplicity over ecological validity. This has led to quantitative models of working memory that require inputs consisting of easily parsed objects defined by a single value along one or more simple feature dimensions. It is not clear how these models could be updated to represent complex, photograph-like scenes. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a population vector model of working memory that was designed specifically for real-world scenes. This model represents a scene as a noisy vector of neural firing rates across one or more areas of the ventral pathway, as estimated by a deep neural network model. We show that this model can account for both variations in behavioral performance and patterns of brain activity in tasks that require storing naturalistic scenes in working memory. These results demonstrate the viability of our general modeling approach, setting the stage for more sophisticated models that can fully account for the storage of real-world scenes in working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Social-cognitive and evolutionary perspectives suggest people should experience better relationship outcomes when their romantic partners better match their stated partner preferences or ideals. Nevertheless, recent work has questioned the strength of these effects by suggesting they are primarily driven by metrics of ideal-partner consistency that confound the partner qualities people uniquely value with those that are normatively more desirable (i.e., normative desirability) or common (i.e., normative commonality). The present research used six different metrics of ideal-partner consistency-some of which controlled for normativity and some of which modeled it directly-to precisely estimate the effects of ideal-partner consistency and normativity on relationship satisfaction and behavior across five different studies, some of which included longitudinal data and observations of behavior. Consistent with theoretical perspectives, higher ideal-partner consistency was associated with elevated relationship satisfaction and more constructive relationship behavior, both concurrently and over time. Nevertheless, these associations were significantly weaker when normative desirability was controlled. Perhaps most novel, the extent to which people's partners matched the normative ideals (i.e., ideals preferred by the sample) was a stronger predictor of relationship outcomes in most cases than the extent to which people's partners matched their own idiosyncratic ideals. Taken together, these studies (a) offer novel evidence that even the most conservative measures of ideal-partner consistency predict both observed relationship behavior and changes in relationship satisfaction and (b) further suggest that "collective wisdom" in what qualities comprise a good romantic partner may predict relationship outcomes better than the qualities that people uniquely value in a partner. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Cancer patients have a higher suicide risk than the general population. Oncology nurses play a critical role in assessing and managing this risk. However, they often lack the necessary awareness, knowledge, and skills. This study developed an Oncology-Specific Suicide Prevention Program (OSP) for oncology nurses. It aims to assess how the OSP affects nurses' suicide literacy, suicide stigma, and efficacy in suicide risk management. Researchers developed the OSP based on findings from cancer-related suicide studies. The intervention included three structured online sessions for the experimental group, each session addressing specific aspects of suicide prevention strategies in oncology care. Researchers conducted a randomized controlled trial with 86 nurses from two oncology hospitals in Ankara. Nurses were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;43) or a control group (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;43) after stratifying by years of work experience. The control group received usual in-service training. Researchers collected data using the descriptive information form, the literacy of suicide scale, the stigma of suicide scale, and the efficacy perception scale for suicide risk management for oncology nurses. The experimental group showed a significant increase in suicide literacy (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) and efficacy perception for suicide risk management (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). They also showed a decrease in suicide stigma (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.013) compared to the control group. These effects were measured at the end of the program and 3&#xa0;months later. Integrating the OSP into in-service training for oncology units and national and international suicide prevention strategies is suggested.

Digital health technologies (DHTs) can help address challenges in palliative care, particularly in rural and underserved areas. However, evidence on their routine use and acceptance among healthcare professionals (HCPs) remains limited. To assess HCPs reported use of DHTs, digital health literacy, attitudes, and perceived benefits and barriers regarding DHT implementation in routine palliative care. Cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire informed by prior qualitative research. Data were collected online and on paper (Sept-Nov 2023). 152 HCPs in palliative care across Brandenburg, Germany: 68 physicians, 36 nurses, and 48 others (e.g. psycho-oncologists, social workers). Physicians showed the highest digital health literacy (mean eHEALS: 33/40). Nurses expressed the highest general agreement with DHTs, though acceptance in palliative care was lower-especially among physicians. Email (72-78%) and documentation tools (60-67%) were widely used. Innovative tools such as video consultations (6%), mobile apps (10-22%), and wearables (10-22%) were used infrequently. Perceived benefits included location flexibility (up to 81%) and time independence (up to 78%). Barriers included inadequate infrastructure (up to 78%) and limited digital skills among patients and families (up to 80%). DHT use was more frequent in inpatient settings (&#x3c1;&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.183, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.014), urban areas (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.04), and among physicians and nurses (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.049). Non-users had a higher median age than users (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.023). Those using conventional tools were more likely to adopt innovative ones (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). DHT use in palliative care remains centered on conventional tools. While professionals recognize potential benefits, structural deficits and limited perceived relevance hinder adoption. Strengthening infrastructure and digital literacy is key to sustainable digital transformation. What is already known about the topic? What this paper adds Implications for practice, theory or policy Digital health technologies (DHTs) can support interdisciplinary care and improve access to information and symptom monitoring in palliative care. The principle of &#x201c;low tech &#x2014; high touch&#x201d; in palliative care may limit the perceived relevance of DHTs. DHT use in palliative care is largely limited to conventional technologies, while innovative tools (e.g. video consultations, mobile apps) are rarely adopted. DHT uptake is significantly higher in inpatient and urban settings and is associated with younger age among healthcare professionals. Professionals who use conventional technologies are more likely to adopt innovative tools, while general attitudes do not predict actual usage. Digital transformation strategies should build on existing digital routines to support the uptake of more advanced technologies. Investments in infrastructure and tailored digital literacy support are essential to close gaps in access and competence. Implementation efforts must account for setting-specific and demographic factors to ensure equitable and context-sensitive integration of DHTs.

Suppressing retrieval of a memory when faced with a reminder has been shown to reduce the probability of that memory coming to mind in the future, a phenomenon known as suppression-induced forgetting (SIF). However, efforts to observe SIF have sometimes failed, leading some to question the robustness of the effect. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of SIF within the think/no-think paradigm including several key methodological variants to the original design. Across 500 effects from 120 studies, we observed a consistent aggregate SIF effect (d &#x2248; 0.20-0.40) measured using either same probe (SIF &#x2248; 6%), independent probe (SIF &#x2248; 5%-6%), or recognition (SIF &#x2248; 2%-4%) tests. Notably, there was considerable methodological variability, and prediction intervals revealed substantial heterogeneity. Moderator analyses undertaken to explain this variability found SIF to be credibly larger when using (a) relatively more repetitions during the think/no-think phase within same probe data, (b) thought substitution instructions within same probe data (with the opposite observed for independent probe data), and (c) autobiographical memories (or future worries) as opposed to words or images. Results provide compelling evidence of the robustness of the SIF effect while also demonstrating limitations in the literature and areas of future interest. These findings not only reinforce theoretical claims about the role of inhibitory control in memory regulation but also provide empirically grounded recommendations for optimizing study design. As memory control is increasingly implicated in mental health and adaptive cognition, the present work establishes a foundation for future translational efforts and sets clear methodological benchmarks for the next generation of research into motivated forgetting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of cognitive abilities that regulate behavior to reach goals retained temporarily in mind. One of the most widely accepted theoretical accounts of EFs is the EF unity and diversity framework: a pattern of intercorrelation (unity) among three domains of EF (inhibition, shifting, updating) that is not near perfect, indicating separability (diversity) of the EFs. However, the structural validity of this framework remains debated, particularly regarding the difficulties in dissociating executive abilities from lower level cognitive processes (LLPs). EF cost measures, derived by subtracting performance in nonexecutive control conditions from executive task performance, have been proposed to isolate executive functioning, although this has faced increasing criticism, and cost scores are typically available only for inhibiting and shifting tasks, not updating. To address this issue, we reanalyzed four data sets (two adolescent and two adult samples, each with >180 participants) using structural equation modeling. An LLP latent factor representing shared variance from control conditions (task conditions with minimal executive demands) was regressed onto three intercorrelated EF factors, each capturing shared variance from the executive conditions without relying on cost scores. The results supported the three-intercorrelated EF factor model when only EF factors were included. In the model that incorporated the LLP factor, LLP strongly predicted all three EF domains and altered their intercorrelations, rendering most nonsignificant. We conclude that the EFs' intercorrelation patterns are substantially influenced by LLP, as the "unity" of EFs no longer holds once LLP is accounted for in all three EF latent domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).