搜索结果：International nursing review

To synthesize the roles and core functions of AI in nursing simulation education for nursing students via systematic review, quantitatively evaluate its effects on students' knowledge and skill outcomes through meta-analysis, and map the research landscape and development trends of this field through bibliometric visualization analysis. Systematic review, meta-analysis and bibliometric visualization analysis. Eight electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Complete, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were employed to search studies from the time of construction to 16 December 2025. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were screened. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB 2) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists were used for quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4, and bibliometric visualization analysis was conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.20 and Bibliometrix (based on R4.4.3). A total of 61 studies were included. AI primarily played two roles in nursing simulation education: peer-type new subject (n = 24) and direct mediator (n = 22). Meta-analysis showed that AI interventions significantly improved nursing students' knowledge (SMD = 1.49, 95% CI [0.55,2.43], p = 0.002) and skills (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [0.02,1.31], p = 0.04). Bibliometric analysis identified that the United States of America and China were the two main contributing countries in this field, and the key motor themes included generative artificial intelligence, virtual patients, and geriatric care. AI exerts positive effects on nursing students' knowledge acquisition and skill enhancement in simulation education, with peer-type new subject and direct mediator as the dominant roles. Future research should focus on expanding AI applications in multi-specialty simulation scenarios, activating the data-driven value of machine learning, and strengthening international collaboration and standardization construction, so as to promote the sustainable development of AI-integrated nursing simulation education.

To assess how social robots impact anxiety, pain, fear and stress in children and adolescents during perioperative nursing. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, eligible studies included participants under 21 undergoing surgery or perioperative care, used social robot interventions with comparators, assessed anxiety, pain, fear and stress, and employed randomised or quasi-experimental designs. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data. A systematic search was conducted in April 2024 and updated twice (December 2024, October 2025) across CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Medic, PsycArticles, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, Mednar). Seven studies (663 participants) showed heterogeneity in social robotic interventions. A meta-analysis of two studies (302 participants) found a significant reduction in children's and adolescents' post-operative anxiety, whereas a narrative synthesis identified three studies reporting reduced perioperative anxiety. However, the interventions had little or no effect on perioperative pain, fear or stress. This review suggests that social robotic interventions may reduce perioperative anxiety in children and adolescents, potentially serving as non-pharmacological distraction tools in paediatric care. Evidence for their effects on pain, fear and stress is limited, highlighting the need for further research to identify effective interventions and clarify their role in perioperative nursing. This review highlights social robotic interventions as promising non-pharmacological tools for reducing perioperative anxiety in children and adolescents. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guidelines. No patient or public contribution. This review was registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024549796).

To synthesise international evidence on virtual wards (VWs) models and examine the pivotal role of clinical nursing leadership in the development, governance, and delivery of digitally enabled acute care. Virtual wards deliver hospital-level care in patients' homes through telemedicine including remote monitoring, supporting admission avoidance and early supported discharge. While existing literature largely focuses on clinical outcomes and medical oversight, the contribution of nursing leadership to VW development and sustainability remains underexplored. An integrative review was conducted, synthesising evidence from empirical studies, service evaluations, and policy literature. Searches were undertaken between February and April 2025 across CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, alongside targeted grey literature searches. The review focused on acute, hospital-integrated VW models implemented in Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, enabling comparison of nursing leadership roles across three publicly funded healthcare systems. Twenty-four sources met inclusion criteria, with six studies selected for in-depth case analysis. Across all models, nurses, particularly those in senior and advanced practice roles, were central to VW implementation. Nursing leadership underpinned key enablers of successful VW delivery, including staff training, clinical governance frameworks, standardised protocols, interoperable electronic health records, and patient empowerment through technology. Nurses led remote assessment and monitoring, coordinated multidisciplinary teams, operationalised escalation pathways, and ensured continuity of care across acute and community settings. This review demonstrates that clinical nursing leadership is foundational to the effectiveness, safety, and scalability of VWs. While medical leadership provides essential diagnostic oversight, nursing leadership delivers sustained operational coordination, patient-centred design, and system integration. Empowering nurses to lead VW development is therefore critical to advancing integrated, high-quality acute care beyond the hospital setting. No patient or public contribution.

Communication competence is a core nursing competency, yet effective pedagogical approaches for systematic skill development remain underexplored in many cultural contexts. Microcounseling, developed by Allen Ivey in the 1960s, offers a structured framework for teaching discrete interviewing skills through modeling, practice, and feedback. It has been applied in Japanese nursing education since the 1980s, yet this nearly four-decade literature has not previously been synthesized. This narrative review synthesized research on microcounseling among Japanese nursing students, examining factor structures, skill acquisition patterns, and educational implications, to identify principles potentially useful for international nursing education. A search of five databases and hand searching identified 33 records; after duplicate removal and screening, 10 studies met inclusion criteria, spanning 1988 to 2024. Findings were combined using narrative synthesis procedures structured by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guideline. Factor analyses consistently extracted four skill dimensions mapping onto Ivey's three-tier hierarchy-attending, reflection, and influencing skills-demonstrating structural stability over more than 25 years. Acquisition was differential: questioning techniques improved with brief training, while reflection skills required extended practice; attending behaviors were learned readily but showed developmental fluctuation across the curriculum. A notable "confidence inversion" emerged, with higher self-efficacy reported for influencing than for reflection skills, despite the microskills hierarchy positioning reflection as foundational. Attending behaviors followed a U-shaped trajectory, with second-year students showing decreased confidence after initial clinical exposure, while reflection and influencing-behavior skills increased significantly between second and fourth years. Online learning environments may selectively constrain reflection skill development. Within the limits of a small, single-country evidence base, these findings suggest principles that may inform nursing curricula: graduated skill introduction, explicit emphasis on listening foundations, and targeted support during early clinical experiences. Cross-cultural validation studies remain needed.

With Generation Z entering the nursing workforce in growing numbers, strengthening social and emotional learning is critical for academic success, professional adaptation, and safe practice. However, the existing evidence remains fragmented because of varied interventions and inconsistent approaches. This systematic review examined (1) the social and emotional learning essential for nursing students and nurses within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, (2) their impact on educational and clinical outcomes, and (3) implications for advancing nursing education and practice. Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, five international (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane) and three Korean (RISS, KoreaMed, KMBASE) databases were searched up to June 2025. Eighteen studies involving 2,952 participants met the inclusion criteria, including quasi-experimental quantitative studies, descriptive quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and mixed-methods studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Within the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning framework, relationship skills and self-management were the most frequently studied competencies, emphasizing teamwork, communication, and stress regulation. Self-awareness and social awareness were underexplored, despite their importance in empathy, resilience, and reflective practice. Responsible decision-making was the least studied competency, despite its importance in ethical reasoning. Social and emotional learning was consistently associated with enhanced adaptation, communication, leadership, relationships, and clinical performance. Effective strategies included blended learning, simulation, reflective activities, and mentorship, which are aligned with Generation Z's learning preferences. Although social and emotional learning integration is associated with improvements in educational and clinical outcomes in nursing, current research has largely centered on relational and stress-related competencies while underrepresenting responsible decision-making. To cultivate reflective, empathetic, and ethically grounded nurses, curricula should integrate social and emotional learning through a balanced and structured approach. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251005683).

To systematically map the determinants, expressions and implications of nurses' clinical autonomy in Palestinian healthcare settings. Nurses' autonomy is crucial for quality care, job satisfaction and patient safety. In Palestine, the healthcare system operates under unique political instability and resource constraints, yet a comprehensive synthesis of nursing autonomy in this context is lacking. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Al-Manhal and Arab World Research Source were searched for literature published between January 2019 and March 2025. A total of 3916 records were identified across all databases, of which 1203 duplicates were removed, leaving 2713 unique records for screening. After title/abstract screening, 178 records proceeded to full-text review, and nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria were synthesized thematically. Palestinian nurses conceptualize autonomy as independent clinical decision-making, patient advocacy and participation in organizational processes, often exercised within significant constraints. Key determinants include education level, clinical experience, leadership styles and resource availability. Major barriers were physician-dominated hierarchies and the impacts of political conflict. Enhanced autonomy was associated with improved job satisfaction and patient safety reporting. The findings align with international research on determinants like education and leadership but highlight the profound, context-specific influence of political conflict and resource scarcity in Palestine. These factors create a practice environment where autonomy is often reactive and improvisational. Although formal quality appraisal was not conducted, consistent with scoping review methodology, Oxford Levels of Evidence were assigned to each study to aid interpretation of evidence strength. Readers should note that most included studies are cross-sectional or qualitative, which limits causal inference. Nurses' autonomy in Palestine is multifaceted and contextually embedded. Strengthening it requires multilevel strategies that address individual, organizational and systemic barriers, particularly those arising from the unique sociopolitical context. Nurse leaders should adopt transformational leadership styles and create formal structures for nursing input in decision-making to empower staff and foster professional growth. Policymakers must develop clear national standards for autonomous nursing practice and invest in sustainable resources and staffing. International partners should support professional development and advocate for the protection of healthcare workers in conflict zones. This review adhered to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.

This review will map and summarize international evidence on the determinants of implementation of adult psychiatric home hospitalization (PHH) services. Adult PHH is increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to acute inpatient care for adults experiencing mental health crises. Yet, despite growing implementation, guidance on how PHH services are organized, integrated, and adapted remains scattered and heterogeneous. Additionally, international variation remains high, and key determinants affecting their adoption, integration, and sustainability are still insufficiently explored. This review will include international sources published from 2000 onward that describe the implementation of PHH services for adults (≥ 18 years) in acute mental health crisis. It will explore any mental health care setting-community-based, hospital-linked, or home-based-where PHH is employed as an alternative to traditional inpatient admission. The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A comprehensive 3-step search strategy will be applied across academic databases (eg, PubMed, PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete), guideline repositories (eg, World Health Organization, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), and gray literature sources (eg, Google Scholar, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and institutional or organizational websites). Eligible sources will include formal guidance documents, empirical studies (eg, qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods), and gray literature related to the determinants of implementation of PHH services. To support a structured examination of implementation determinants, this review will apply the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Implementation Outcomes Framework as guiding frameworks for data charting, analysis, and presentation. OSF (https://osf.io/y5482/).

Interventions and policies to optimise preconception health are increasing internationally. This stems from growing recognition that improving preconception health can improve maternal and child health outcomes and advance equity by reducing inequalities and address inequities for people of reproductive age and any children they may have. Interventions and policies should be evaluated through population-level surveillance of preconception health to inform the development of new initiatives, monitor effectiveness, and support advocacy for international adoption of successful strategies. However, there is currently no internationally agreed set of preconception health indicators available and suitable for international surveillance. The International Core Indicators for Preconception Health and Equity (iCIPHE) Alliance was established to address this gap. To prioritise core indicators that can be used in low-, middle- and high-income countries for surveillance of preconception health and equity. We held two workshops with the iCIPHE Alliance (multi-sectoral stakeholders from low-, middle- and high-income countries) to inform the design of this international consensus study. The development of core indicators will consist of three steps: (1) identifying an initial long-list of candidate surveillance indicators, and defining principles for scoring the importance of each indicator, through a literature review, public involvement, and workshops with iCIPHE Alliance members; (2) scoring each candidate indicator in terms of its importance for surveillance through a two-round Delphi survey among study participants; and (3) agreeing on the final core indicators through a series of consensus meetings with a selected group of study participants. We will recruit study participants from all World Health Organization (WHO) regions across four stakeholder groups: people of reproductive age (who do not belong to any of the other stakeholder groups); health and social care professionals; policy and programme professionals; and researchers. We will disseminate the priority core indicators through peer-reviewed publication, lay summaries, policy briefs and presentations. An implementation strategy, to enable monitoring of inequalities, inequities, and changes in preconception health over time within and between countries, will be developed with relevant national and international organisations to inform next steps.

This study aimed to identify the structural, process and outcome factors influencing nurses' implementation of person-centred care (PCC) for people with dementia, guided by Donabedian's structure-process-outcome (SPO) model. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A scoping review was conducted. The final search was conducted on January 28, 2025, were from the following major international and Korean databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, KCI and NDSL. Studies addressing factors related to nurses' PCC practices in dementia care were systematically analysed and categorized using the SPO model. Fourteen studies were included in this scoping review. The structural factors included nurses' personal characteristics (e.g., demographics and knowledge), organizational conditions and educational factors; some factors were positively associated with PCC practices (e.g., salary satisfaction), whereas others demonstrated inconsistent findings across studies (e.g., age and clinical experience). Process factors encompassed attitudes, emotional responses, behavioural management and practice strategies, which were identified as facilitators or barriers to PCC practices. The outcome factors indicated that PCC practices were associated with improvements in nurses' knowledge, attitudes, satisfaction, care efficacy and care provision capacity, while being associated with reduced care burden. This review provided a systematic analysis of the factors influencing nurses' PCC practices in dementia care. Effective promotion of person-centred care requires multifaceted strategies at both the individual nurses and organizational levels.

Palliative care is a core component of holistic nursing practice, yet international and regional evidence indicates persistent gaps in nursing students' preparedness, particularly in knowledge, attitudes, and spiritual care competence. In Saudi Arabia, these gaps are influenced by cultural expectations and variable curricular integration. To assess palliative care preparedness among undergraduate nursing students in Northern Saudi Arabia across three domains knowledge, attitudes toward caring for the dying, and spiritual care preparedness and to examine their associations with palliative care training and clinical experience. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 232 third- and fourth-year nursing students using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Palliative Care Knowledge Test (PCKT), the Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying Scale-B (FATCOD-B), and the Student Survey of Spiritual Care (SSSC). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression were performed. Students demonstrated moderate knowledge (M = 13.78/20), with higher scores in psychiatric and dyspnea management domains. Clinical experience with dying patients was associated with significantly higher knowledge (p = 0.0189). Attitude scores were generally positive (M = 3.13/5), though slightly lower among students with training or clinical experience. Spiritual care preparedness was moderate (M = 3.86/6) and did not differ by training or experience. A weak negative correlation was observed between knowledge and attitudes (r = - 0.143, p = 0.0296). Nursing students in Northern Saudi Arabia exhibit moderate preparedness for palliative care. Clinical exposure enhances knowledge, while spiritual care readiness appears culturally grounded rather than training dependent. Findings highlight the need for integrated, culturally responsive palliative and spiritual care education within undergraduate nursing curricula.

This umbrella review will synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (iVR) simulation using head-mounted-display (HMD) on educational outcomes for entry-to-practice health professional learners. HMD-based iVR is increasingly used in health professions education because it can offer engaging, interactive simulation experiences. However, educators, regulators, and decision-makers remain uncertain about when iVR provides unique educational benefits that justify widespread implementation. A high-level synthesis that isolates HMD-based iVR outcomes is needed to support evidence-informed policy, curricular, and budgetary decisions. We will include systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluate entry-to-practice learners' quantifiable outcomes aligned with the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Training Evaluation Model when using HMD-delivered iVR interventions. Reviews will be excluded if they focus on practicing clinicians, continuing professional development, patient-facing therapeutic virtual reality, veterinary education, or if they combine immersive and non-immersive modalities without reporting HMD-specific results separately. This umbrella review will follow JBI methodology. We will systematically search PubMed, APA PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), Education Full Text (EBSCOhost), Embase, ERIC (EBSCOhost), and Scopus. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening and data extraction. Methodological quality will be appraised using the JBI critical appraisal instrument and data will be extracted using a modified JBI umbrella review extraction tool. Outcomes will be analyzed using the Kirkpatrick Four-Level Training Evaluation Model and the National League for Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Theory. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. PROSPERO CRD420251075197.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent surgical complication with considerable impact on patient recovery. Nursing care is central to PONV management, yet the evolution and landscape of nursing-specific research in the field remain unexplored. This study maps the global research trends in PONV nursing literature. A bibliometric analysis was conducted. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from inception to March 24, 2025. Analysis and visualization were performed using CiteSpace software. Analysis of 493 publications identified key trends. Research output was geographically concentrated, with the United States and China contributing over half of all publications. The Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing was the leading journal. Keyword cluster analysis identified three primary research domains: clinical management of PONV, oncology-related PONV, and nurse-led interventions. Burst detection analysis showed an early emphasis on symptom management (Strength=3.18, 2017-2018) and a recent, strong focus on prevalence(Strength=3.37, 2023-2025), indicating a shift in research focus over time. This study provides a foundational map of nursing research in PONV. The findings underscore the need for greater international collaboration and stronger integration of research into clinical practice, offering a clear agenda for advancing perioperative nursing.

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the use of ultrasound to assess quadriceps morphology in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), focusing on muscle thickness, cross-sectional area, and associations with clinical outcomes. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews platform (ID: CRD42024590549). The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were comprehensively searched without time restrictions. Gray literature and manual reference screening were also included. Observational studies assessing quadriceps morphology via ultrasound in people with CF and reporting quantitative outcomes were eligible. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Meta-analysis was performed with Cochrane's Review Manager software. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. People with CF showed reduced quadriceps thickness and cross-sectional area, particularly those who were malnourished. Moderate correlations were observed between ultrasound measurements and clinical parameters such as pulmonary function, fat-free mass index, and muscle strength. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in rectus femoris muscle thickness in people with CF when compared with controls (mean difference: -0.50 cm; 95% CI, -0.78 to -0.22; p = 0.0004), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). Risk of bias was moderate because of small sample sizes and methodological variability. Although the evidence is limited and heterogeneous, people with CF appear to show reduced quadriceps morphology, with associations with nutritional and functional status. Further high-quality studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine the clinical utility of ultrasound in this population.

Hypovolemic shock is a life-threatening condition frequently encountered in emergency care, resulting from significant blood or fluid loss that impairs oxygen delivery to vital organs. Common causes include trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, and ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Prompt fluid resuscitation is critical, with nurses playing a central role in early recognition, timely intervention, and continuous monitoring. To synthesise the best evidence for fluid resuscitation practices in hypovolemic shock and assess nursing knowledge and practice in emergency settings. This systematic review was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines and evaluated through the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published between 2015 and 2024. The isotonic crystalloids are the preferred first-line therapy, with early goal-directed fluid administration and close patient monitoring improving outcomes. Nurse-led assessment and reassessment were key to guiding resuscitation and reducing complications. However, gaps in protocol adherence, documentation, and practice variation were identified. Knowledge deficits among nurses were also evident, highlighting the need for targeted training. This review supports the development of a structured nursing guideline for managing hypovolemic shock, emphasising evidence-based fluid strategies and continuous clinical evaluation. Strengthening nursing competencies through education and standardised protocols can enhance emergency care delivery and patient survival.

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty was developed for younger active patients to preserve bone stock and facilitate future revision; however, failure requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains a recognized problem. Outcomes after conversion are variable and influenced by indication and technical factors. This systematic review evaluates survivorship, complications, and functional outcomes after conversion of hip resurfacing to THA. A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched for studies reporting outcomes after revision of hip resurfacing to THA. Eighteen studies met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted on demographics, indications, revision strategy, complications, survivorship, and functional outcomes. Nineteen studies comprising 1,698 patients and 1,719 hips were included. The mean age was 56.0 years, with mean time to conversion of 4.74 years and follow-up of 3.80 years. The most common indications were aseptic loosening (31.4%), adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) (27.1%), and femoral neck fracture (23.7%). Femoral only revision was performed in 36% and both components in 64%. The pooled complication rate was 10.5%, most commonly dislocation, infection, loosening, and ARMD. Survivorship ranged from 94.7% to 100% short term, 83.3% to 94.8% midterm, and 69% to 92% at 10 years, with up to 85.3% at 13 years, and was lower in ARMD. Functional outcomes improved, with mean Harris Hip Score increasing from 47.0 to 88.4. Conversion of failed hip resurfacing to THA provides consistent and clinically meaningful improvement in pain and function. However, complication rates remain substantial and long-term survivorship is variable and influenced by the indication for failure. Metal-related pathology and aseptic loosening were associated with less favorable outcomes than mechanically driven failures. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Delirium occurs in 10-30% of hospitalised adults and is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Best practice guidelines recommend the use of validated assessment tools for delirium. However, these tools are infrequently utilised, and delirium is routinely missed. To explore validated assessment tool usage by registered nurses in general acute care settings to assess for delirium, and the barriers and facilitators to their use. This scoping review was organised in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Boolean operators were used in combination with key search terms from the research questions. Sources were analysed using frequency counts and results were mapped descriptively. CINAHL, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine were searched in February 2025. Sources that provided a focus on registered nurses working in general acute care settings and their experiences using validated delirium assessment tools were considered for this scoping review. Forty studies were included in this scoping review. Validated assessment tools were not used frequently by nurses to assess for delirium. Multiple barriers to using validated assessment tools were identified, with the most reported being organisational barriers. Nurses identified "opportunities to learn" as facilitators to using validated assessment tools. Notable heterogeneity among assessment practices were identified. Despite the availability of various validated assessment tools for delirium, usage rates remain low. Nurses have identified numerous barriers to their use, and these must be addressed to ensure accurate delirium diagnosis. This scoping review was registered on the 15th of January 2025 on Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/6qegb.

Falls are a major concern for nursing home residents, and psychotropic medications are key risk factors. However, the differential fall risk among pharmacologic subtypes remains unclear, as exemplified by the comparison of typical and atypical antipsychotics, which impedes precise medication safety management. The aim of this study is to compare the fall risk across specific pharmacologic subgroups of psychotropic medications in nursing home residents through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis involved comprehensive searches of nine databases for observational studies assessing medication use and fall risk in older nursing home residents. Study quality was appraised using standardized tools, and data were pooled using random-effects models. Twenty studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that the use of typical antipsychotics (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.25-2.21), atypical antipsychotics (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.48-2.13), long-acting sedative-hypnotics (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13-1.82), short-acting sedative-hypnotics (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07-1.55), antidepressants (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.33-1.81), and polypharmacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.24-2.12) were all significantly associated with increased odds of falling. Subgroup analysis indicated no statistically significant higher fall risk for atypical compared to typical antipsychotics (P>0.05), and the difference between long-acting and short-acting sedative-hypnotics was not significant. All categories of psychotropic medications significantly increase fall risk in nursing home residents, with atypical antipsychotics posing a potentially higher risk. This study underscores the necessity of distinguishing risk among pharmacologic subtypes for precise risk management and provides critical evidence for informing safer prescribing practices to prevent falls.

Anaemia remains a major public health concern among Indian adolescents, particularly girls. National-level and state-level initiatives led by the Government of India, such as the Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation, Anaemia Mukt Bharat and the Intensified National Iron Plus Initiative, aim to control iron-deficiency anaemia through systematic supplementation and behaviour change communication strategies. However, implementation challenges persist. Given the limited evidence on barriers, facilitators and interventions implemented to improve the outlined national schemes, we have designed a systematic review to inform future research and programmes. This review aims to systematically identify and synthesise evidence on barriers and facilitators influencing the implementation of national iron and folic acid supplementation programmes targeting adolescents aged 10-19 years in India. A comprehensive search will be conducted using five databases, namely PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINHAL and Scopus, from inception to 30 September 2025. To capture grey literature, we will also search government portals, international agency repositories, clinical trial registries and the Google platform. Eligible studies include experimental, observational, qualitative and implementation research conducted in school-based, community-based or combined delivery settings. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be performed independently by two reviewers using the Covidence platform. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool will be used to assess methodological quality of included studies. Quantitative data will be synthesised descriptively following the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines, and qualitative data will be analysed using thematic synthesis. Ethical approval is not required as there is no human participation. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. CRD420251153248.

Type 1 diabetes poses substantial self-management challenges for children. Gamified interventions are a promising strategy to support this population, yet evidence on their design, implementation, and reported outcomes remains scattered. This scoping review aims to systematically map the international evidence on gamified interventions for children with T1DM, focusing on their characteristics, delivery, and outcomes. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, this scoping review systematically searched six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) from January 1, 2010, to January 25, 2026. We also examined reference lists and performed citation tracking. Twenty-three of 762 retrieved articles were included. Interventions were primarily delivered via mobile applications (52%) and websites (17%). The most common gamification elements were goal setting, challenges, and fun (each 96%); social features were less frequent (35%). Most studies (70%) lacked an explicit theoretical framework, and intervention durations varied widely. The interventions demonstrated benefits for glycemic control, self-management, knowledge, and psychological distress, but inconsistent effects on quality of life. They were generally feasible, usable, and acceptable. Gamified interventions represent a promising approach to T1DM management in children, aligning well with their developmental needs. However, current studies often lack a theoretical foundation and evidence of sustained benefits. Future work should prioritize theory-driven design and rigorous long-term evaluation. This review protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) and accessible via the following link: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MN6AE.