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The project "Novel Astronomical Instrumentation through photonic Reformatting" is a DFG-funded collaboration to exploit the recognized potential of photonics solutions for a radically new approach to astronomical instrumentation for optical/infrared high precision spectroscopy and high angular resolution imaging. We present a project overview and initial development results from our Adaptive Optics-photonic test bed, Ultrafast Laser Inscribed waveguides for interferometric beam combination and 3D printing structures for astronomical instrumentation. The project is expected to lead to important technological breakthroughs facilitating uniquely functionality and technical solutions for the next generation of instrumentation.

The versatility of optics enables the design of a wide range of elegant beam instrumentation. Multiple properties of particle beams can be precisely measured by various optical techniques, which include: direct sampling of optical radiation emitted from a charged particle beam; monitoring interactions with an optical probe such as a laserwire; and by electro-optic conversion of the beam signal with high-bandwidth fibre readout. Such methods are typically minimally-invasive and non-destructive, thus permitting diagnostics during accelerator operation without perturbation of the particle beam or risk of damage to the instrument. These proceedings summarise three CAS lectures that introduce the basic principles of optics relevant for instrumentation design, outline the key laser technologies and setups, and review the state-of-the-art in laser-based beam instrumentation.

Analog to digital conversion is a very important part of almost all beam instrumentation systems. Ideally, in a properly designed system, the used analog to digital converter (ADC) should not limit the system performance. However, despite recent improvements in ADC technology, quite often this is not possible and the choice of the ADC influences significantly or even restricts the system performance. It is therefore very important to estimate the requirements for the analog to digital conversion at an early stage of the system design and evaluate whether one can find an adequate ADC fulfilling the system specification. In case of beam instrumentation systems requiring both, high time and amplitude resolution, it often happens that the system specification cannot be met with the available ADCs without applying special processing to the analog signals prior to their digitisation. In such cases the requirements for the ADC even influence the system architecture. This paper aims at helping the designer of a beam instrumentation system in the process of selecting an ADC, which in many cases is iterative, requiring a trade off between system performance, complexity and cost. Analog to di

This CAS talk describes the role of beam instrumentation and diagnostics in particle therapy accelerators. It presents an extended view on instrumentation, feedbacks, detector technology, quality assurance (QA) and their interdependencies. Furthermore, some basics, examples and challenges in near future concerning diagnostics and instrumentation techniques used in particle therapy are reported.

There is currently a strong interest in Compact Accelerator-based Neutron Source (CANS) as a possible new type of source for neutron scattering experiments. A workshop around the "Neutron scattering instrumentation around CANS" was organized in July 2017 between several European institutes. This report summarizes the main outcome of the discussions. The document is aiming at providing general guidelines for the instrumentation around CANS. Detailed technical discussions are or will be provided in specific publications.

The task of analog front-end electronics in beam instrumentation is to optimize the useful information content of the signal delivered by an instrument. It must suppress signal components that do not contribute to the measured quantity. It must filter to put bounds on bandwidth and possibly dynamic range, to relax the demands made of subsequent processing stages. It must minimize noise, reject interference and match the signal to transmission media and digital acquisition equipment. Since the circuitry must often operate in radio-active areas, the accent is on passive electronics.

Over its more than thirty-year history, the Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation (ATI) program has provided grants to support technology development for ground-based astronomy. Research from this program has advanced adaptive optics, high resolution and multi-object spectroscopy, optical interferometry and synoptic surveys, to name just a few. Previous and ongoing scientific advances span the entire field of astronomy, from studies of the Sun to the distant universe. Through a combination of literature assessment and individual case studies, we present a survey of ATI funded research for optical-infrared astronomy. We find that technology development unfolds over a time period that is longer than an individual grant. A longitudinal perspective shows that substantial scientific gains have resulted from investments in technology.

NASA's suborbital program provides an opportunity to conduct unique science experiments above Earth's atmosphere and is a pipeline for the technology and personnel essential to future space astrophysics, heliophysics, and atmospheric science missions. In this paper, we describe three astronomy payloads developed (or in development) by the Ultraviolet Rocket Group at the University of Colorado. These far-ultraviolet (100 - 160 nm) spectrographic instruments are used to study a range of scientific topics, from gas in the interstellar medium (accessing diagnostics of material spanning five orders of magnitude in temperature in a single observation) to the energetic radiation environment of nearby exoplanetary systems. The three instruments, SLICE, CHESS, and SISTINE form a progression of instrument designs and component-level technology maturation. SLICE is a pathfinder instrument for the development of new data handling, storage, and telemetry techniques. CHESS and SISTINE are testbeds for technology and instrument design enabling high-resolution (R > 100,000) point source spectroscopy and high throughput imaging spectroscopy, respectively, in support of future Explorer, Probe, an

The Maunakea Spectroscopic Explorer (MSE) is replacement of the existing 3.6-m Canada France Hawaii Telescope into a dedicated wide field highly multiplexed fiber fed spectroscopic facility. MSE is capable of observing over four thousand science targets simultaneously in two resolution modes. The paper describes the unique instrument system capabilities and its components starting from the telescope prime focus and ending at the spectrograph suite. The instrument system components have completed their conceptual designs and they include a Sphinx positioner system, fiber transmission system, low/moderate resolution and high resolution spectrographs and a calibration system. These components will be procured separately and the Project is responsible for their integration and the overall system performance afterward. The paper describes from a system perspective the specific design and interface constraints imposed on the components given the extra interface and integration considerations.

The Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER) has been working for a decade to reduce the time and cost of designing, building and deploying new digital radio-astronomy instruments. Today, CASPER open-source technology powers over 45 scientific instruments worldwide, and is used by scientists and engineers at dozens of academic institutions. In this paper we catalog the current offerings of the CASPER collaboration, and instruments past and present built by CASPER users and developers. We describe the ongoing state of software development, as CASPER looks to support a broader range of programming environments and hardware and ensure compatibility with the latest vendor tools.

The Greenland Telescope project has recently participated in an experiment to image the supermassive black hole shadow at the center of M87 using Very Long Baseline Interferometry technique in April of 2018. The antenna consists of the 12-m ALMA North American prototype antenna that was modified to support two auxiliary side containers and to withstand an extremely cold environment. The telescope is currently at Thule Air Base in Greenland with the long-term goal to move the telescope over the Greenland ice sheet to Summit Station. The GLT currently has a single cryostat which houses three dual polarization receivers that cover 84-96 GHz, 213-243 GHz and 271-377 GHz bands. A hydrogen maser frequency source in conjunction with high frequency synthesizers are used to generate the local oscillator references for the receivers. The intermediate frequency outputs of each receiver cover 4-8 GHz and are heterodyned to baseband for digitization within a set of ROACH-2 units then formatted for recording onto Mark-6 data recorders. A separate set of ROACH-2 units operating in parallel provides the function of auto-correlation for real-time spectral analysis. Due to the stringent instrumental

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective matched cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively compare the 2-year postoperative results of posterior correction and fusion with segmental pedicle screw instrumentation versus those with hook constructs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treated at a single institution. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite the reports of satisfactory correction and maintenance of scoliotic curves by pedicle screw instrumentation compared to hook constructs, few reports on the comprehensive comparison of segmental pedicle screw instrumentation versus hook instrumentation exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 patients with AIS at a single institution who underwent a posterior spinal fusion with segmental pedicle screw (26) or hook (26) instrumentation were sorted and matched according to four criteria: similar age at surgery (14.8 years in pedicle screw group and 14.2 years in hook group), identical Lenke curve types, same number of fused vertebrae (11.7 in each group), and identical operative methods (18 posterior spinal fusions with thoracoplasty, 4 posterior spinal fusions with iliac crest bone graft, and 4 anterior and posterior spinal fusions in each group). Patients were evaluated before surgery, immediate after surgery, and at the 2-year follow-up according to radiographic changes in curve correction, pulmonary function tests, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, implant costs, and SRS-24 scores. RESULTS: After surgery, the average major curve correction was 76% in the screw group and 50% in the hook group (P < 0.001). At the 2-year follow-up, loss of the major curve correction was less in the screw group (5.4%) compared with the hook group (8.0%) (P = 0.35). Postoperative global coronal and sagittal balance was similar in both groups. An average of 0.8 levels from the distal end vertebra was saved using pedicle screws compared with hook constructs (P = 0.002). Postoperative 2-year proximal junctional change in the sagittal plane (angle between uppermost instrumented vertebra and two vertebral bodies above the uppermost-instrumented vertebra) was 9 degrees in the screw group and 6 degrees in the hook group (P = 0.19). Postoperative 2-year distal junctional change in the sagittal plane was similar in both groups. Operative time averaged 341 minutes in the screw group and 338 minutes in the hook group (P = 0.86), and intraoperative blood loss was similar in both groups (879 mL in screw group vs. 896 mL in hook group) (P = 0.12). Average implant cost in the hook group (11.8 fixation points; 5,816 U.S. dollars) was significantly lower than that of the screw group (17.1 fixation points; 11,508 U.S. dollars) (P < 0.001). Two years following surgery, the screw group demonstrated improved percent predicted pulmonary function values compared with that of the hook group (FVC, 80%--> 79% in screw group vs. 82%--> 74% in hook group, P = 0.0056; FEV-1, 73%--> 76% in screw group vs. 80%--> 79% in hook group, P = 0.017). Postoperative 2-year SRS-24 scores were similar in both groups (screw group [97] vs. hook group [101]) (P = 0.15). There were no neurologic or visceral complications related to hook or pedicle screw instrumentation. CONCLUSION: Pedicle screw instrumentation, although more expensive, offers a significantly better major and minor curve correction without neurologic problems and improved pulmonary function values in the operative treatment of AIS and enables a slightly shorter fusion length than segmental hook instrumentation.