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To evaluate incidence, progression and risk factors of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in two Asian populations with diabetes. We included data from 1177 Malay and Indian adults aged 40-80 years with diabetes, who participated in baseline (2004-2009) and 12-year follow-up (2017-2023) of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases study (SEED). Incident VTDR was defined among participants free of any DR at baseline as the development of severe non-proliferative DR, proliferative DR, or clinically significant macular oedema at follow-up, assessed from two-field fundus photography using ETDRS severity scale without optical coherence tomography (OCT). Progression was assessed in those with mild or moderate DR at baseline (n = 211). Risk factors included age, sex, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure (BP), duration of diabetes, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Associations between risk factors and outcomes were evaluated using Poisson regression models, and results presented as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The 12-year cumulative incidence of VTDR was 3.8% (Indians = 4.4%; Malays = 3.0%) while progression to VTDR was 17.1% (Indians = 18.4%; Malays = 14%). In multivariable models, Indian ethnicity (RR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.17-4.27), higher systolic BP (RR = 1.02; CI = 1.00-1.03), longer duration of diabetes (RR = 1.05; CI = 1.00-1.09), and higher HbA1c (RR = 1.52; CI = 1.35-1.70) were positively associated whereas older age (RR = 0.95; CI = 0.91-0.99) was negatively associated with incident VTDR. Higher HbA1c (RR = 1.29; CI = 1.11-1.49) was associated with VTDR progression. In this 12-year population-based study, we found a low cumulative incidence of VTDR (4%) but a relatively high progression among those with baseline DR (17%). These findings support the potential value of risk-stratified screening approaches. Individuals without DR at baseline may be considered for less frequent screening, whereas those with mild DR and/or poor glycaemic control may benefit from closer monitoring due to their higher risk of progression.

Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in autoimmune disorders, yet detailed serological characterization remains limited in Indian cohorts. This study aimed to evaluate and compare demographic, radiological, autoantibody, and serum profiles between CTD-ILD and non-CTD-ILD patients from Western India and to delineate hospitalization patterns and mortality outcomes among CTD-ILD patients. This single-centre, cross-sectional study enrolled 200 patients with ILD (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;90 with CTD-ILD and n&#x202f;=&#x202f;110 with non-CTD-ILD) from a tertiary care centre who were evaluated on a clinico-radiological basis. Antinuclear antibodies and ANA subspecificities were assessed using indirect immunofluorescence and a line blot assay. Serological parameters were quantified using ELISA and multiplex bead-based assays. CTD-ILD patients were significantly younger (49 vs. 57&#x202f;years; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001) and predominantly female (80.0% vs. 59.1%; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.002). NSIP predominated in CTD-ILD (51.1%), whereas UIP predominated in non-CTD-ILD (46.4%; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001). On multivariable analysis, younger age (aOR&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.954; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001), female sex (aOR&#x202f;=&#x202f;2.709; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.023), NSIP (aOR&#x202f;=&#x202f;6.155; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.001), and UIP (aOR&#x202f;=&#x202f;8.877; p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001) were independent predictors of CTD-ILD. ANA positivity was higher in CTD-ILD (70.0% vs. 54.5%; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.025), with a predominance of high-titre ANA (81.0%, &#x2265;1:160) and a speckled IFA pattern. The nucleolar pattern was significantly more prevalent in the CTD-ILD group (11.1%; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.010). Disease-specific autoantibody enrichment was observed as follows: anti-SSA/Ro and AMA-M2 in RA-ILD, anti-RNP/Sm in MCTD-ILD, and anti-Scl-70 in SSc-ILD. Anti-MDA5 (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.001), LDH (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.019), and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-&#x3b1;, IFN-&#x3b3;, IL-4, and IL-22 were significantly elevated in CTD-ILD, whereas MMP7 levels were lower (p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.025). TNF-&#x3b1;, IL-22, and IL-4 remained independent predictors in the multivariable analysis. Among CTD-ILD patients, 20.0% required hospitalization, with significantly higher in-hospital mortality in admitted patients (27.8% vs. 4.2%; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.007) than in non-admitted CTD-ILD patients. CTD-ILD patients demonstrated distinct demographic, radiological, autoantibody, and serological profiles compared to non-CTD-ILD patients, characterized by elevated anti-MDA5, LDH, and pro-inflammatory cytokines alongside lower MMP7 levels, reflecting an immune-driven rather than fibrosis-dominant pathobiology. These findings contribute to bridging the knowledge gap in the serological characterization of CTD-ILD in Indian cohorts.

Male infertility, particularly severe oligozoospermia, presents a significant challenge in reproductive health, often associated with high oxidative stress and poor lifestyle practices. This case report highlights the potential therapeutic role of a structured yoga regimen in improving semen quality, reducing stress, and enhancing quality of life in a male with long-standing infertility. The novelty lies in documenting comprehensive improvements across semen parameters and psychological well-being following a nonpharmacological intervention. A 30-year-old Indian male diagnosed with severe oligozoospermia presented with a four-year history of primary infertility. His 30-year-old Indian female partner had no identifiable reproductive abnormalities. The couple sought consultation at a tertiary care centre. The male patient reported a high-stress lifestyle due to his occupation as an architectural researcher involving extensive travel and irregular routines. He underwent a six-month structured yoga intervention (five days per week) comprising guided sessions involving breathing exercises, meditation, and specific physical postures, supervised by a certified yoga therapist. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included semen analysis, sperm DNA integrity, oxidative stress markers in seminal fluid, and quality of life using a standardized assessment tool. Post-intervention, the patient exhibited notable improvements in semen parameters, including increased sperm count and motility, reduced morphological abnormalities, and decreased seminal oxidative stress levels leading to sperm DNA fragmentation index decline. Improvements were also observed in quality-of-life scores across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Following these outcomes, intrauterine insemination was advised as a fertility treatment option. This case illustrates the potential of yoga as an adjunctive, noninvasive therapy for managing male infertility, particularly in individuals with stress-related reproductive dysfunction. The structured yoga program led to substantial improvement in semen quality and quality of life, suggesting a mind-body connection that may influence reproductive health. This single case provides preliminary insight into the potential link between lifestyle factors and reproductive health, though broader studies are required. Further studies involving larger cohorts are needed to validate and expand upon these promising results.

Introduction Childhood anaemia remains one of the most persistent public health problems in India. At the same time, common childhood morbidities such as diarrhoea, fever, and acute respiratory infection continue to affect a large proportion of children under five. This study, therefore, aims to examine the association between anaemia and common morbidities among children in India. Material and methods This cross-sectional study used the fifth nationally representative National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) data for children aged 6-59 months born in the five years preceding the survey conducted in India during 2019-21. The analysis included 179,262 children. Three common morbidities were considered: acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, and diarrhoea reported in the two weeks preceding the survey. Anaemia status was assessed using haemoglobin measurement.&#xa0;Bivariate associations between anaemia and covariates were examined using chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression models were fitted in four stages to estimate the adjusted association between child morbidities and anaemia. Results The overall prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months was high, with about two-thirds of children classified as anaemic. The prevalence of recent morbidity was 2.8% for ARI, 13.7% for fever, and 7.4% for diarrhoea. In bivariate analysis, children with ARI (69.9%), fever (70.1%), and diarrhoea (73.9%) had significantly higher anaemia prevalence than those without these conditions. In multivariable analysis, diarrhoea remained independently associated with anaemia after full adjustment (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14, p < 0.001), while fever showed a smaller but significant association (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, p = 0.001).&#xa0;The attenuation of ARI (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.97-1.10, p = 0.354) after adjustment suggests that the observed crude association may largely reflect shared socio-economic and nutritional vulnerabilities rather than an independent relationship. Children aged 24-41 months and 42-59 months have substantially lower odds of anaemia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.56-0.59, p < 0.001) and (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.32-0.34, p < 0.001), respectively, than those aged 6-23 months. Children born to mothers less than 18 years were at higher risk of anaemia (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.41, p < 0.001). The likelihood of being anaemic was highest among children born to mothers with no schooling (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.39-1.50, p < 0.001) compared with children born to mothers with 12 or more years of schooling. Higher odds of any anaemia were observed among children from the poorest households (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11-1.23, p < 0.001) and in several high-burden regions. Predicted probability estimates showed that the probability of anaemia was higher among children with ARI (70.5%), fever (69.7%), and especially diarrhoea (73.0%) compared with children without these morbidities. Conclusion The study demonstrates that anaemia among Indian children is not only highly prevalent but also closely linked with common childhood morbidities, particularly diarrhoea.&#xa0;Special attention is needed for children in the first two years of life, when vulnerability is highest. These findings suggest that anaemia control strategies in India should be integrated with stronger prevention and treatment of childhood infections, improved maternal education, and targeted support for the poorest and most disadvantaged in high-burden regions.

Burnout management among employees is a persistent challenge faced by healthcare organisations, which is exacerbated in developing economies with high demographic loads. The extant literature explores measures of mitigating and adapting to occupational strain and burnout. However, the epistemic relationship between job crafting, perceived organisational support, meaningful work and burnout remains ambiguous and underexplored. The present study examines how a priori interventions such as job crafting and organisational support affect meaningful work and modulate burnout in healthcare organisations. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 373 healthcare professionals from corporate and public hospitals of different operational capacities in the North Indian region. We used PLS-SEM to test our hypothesis and validate the conceptual model. This study found a significant negative relationship between job crafting and the burnout axis, mediated by meaningful work. The perceived organisational support significantly moderates the relationship. Our study provides novel insights by testing the role of two resources based on JD-R theory, such as perceived organisational support and meaningful work, in the relationship between job crafting and burnout in Global South healthcare settings. Moreover, it underscores that participatory job crafting can be an ex-ante strategy to mitigate burnout among healthcare employees.

Movement disorders encompass a range of neurological conditions affecting speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement and including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and others. Understanding their epidemiology is crucial for effective public health planning and resource allocation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological trends of movement disorders in Qatar. This study is a retrospective descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional analysis based on available clinical data from individuals diagnosed with movement disorders at Hamad General Hospital from January 2014 until March 2025. Individuals of any nationality residing in Qatar, diagnosed with any type of movement disorder, and aged 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis were included. The key variables extracted from the medical records included the age at diagnosis, the gender, nationality, and the type of movement disorder of each patient. A total of 3017 patients were evaluated, with tremors (54%) and Parkinson's disease (25.8%) being the most common diagnoses; Qataris made up 39% of the cohort. Tremor patients were predominantly male (62%) and under 60 years old, with Qataris and Indians being the largest groups. Parkinson's patients were mostly male (67%), diagnosed between the ages of 41 and 80 years. Dystonia and neuropathy were less common; dystonia showed a younger median age (45 years), while neuropathy cases, mostly Qataris, had a median age of 70 years. The findings underscore the influence of age, gender, and nationality on disease distribution. Despite its retrospective nature, the study lays important groundwork for future research. Prospective studies are needed to deepen understanding and support targeted healthcare strategies.

The present study evaluated the feasibility of rearing fast-growing broiler chickens in an open-sided house for 42 days in Bangladesh using different feed withdrawal strategies, with particular emphasis on growth performance, meat quality, survivability, and economic returns. A total of 480 Indian River meat-type day-old chicks (DOCs) were reared up to 42 days and randomly allocated into four treatment groups. The first group was a control that provided ad libitum feeding throughout the production cycle (AdLF). The remaining groups received ad libitum feeding for the first 7 days, followed by daily feed withdrawal for 8 h. Accordingly, the second group was subjected to feed withdrawal from 8 to 28 days (3-WksFW), the third group from 8 to 35 days (4-WksFW), and the fourth group from 8 to 42 days (5-WksFW). Each treatment consisted of six replicates with 20 birds per replicate. Key performance indicators, including body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survivability, carcass yield, meat quality, and benefit-cost ratio (BCR), were evaluated. As expected, the overall BWG was significantly higher in the AdLF group (3170.52 g/bird; P = 0.000), followed by the 3-WksFW (3040.43 g/bird) and 4-WksFW (2878.86 g/bird) groups, with the lowest value observed in the 5-WksFW group (2510.85 g/bird). Similar trends were observed for final BW and FI. Despite the higher BW, BWG, and FI in the AdLF group, feed withdrawal strategies improved survivability, meat quality, and, notably, economic efficiency. The highest BCR was recorded in the 4-WksFW group (1.14), followed by the 3-WksFW (1.07), 5-WksFW (1.07), and AdLF (1.05) groups. FCR was not significantly affected by treatment; however, abdominal fat deposition was reduced in birds subjected to feed withdrawal. Overall, feed withdrawal improved water holding capacity with a significant decreased of cooking loss, although the meat color was unaffected. In conclusion, the 4-WksFW strategy is recommended for rearing broilers up to 42 days in open-sided housing under local conditions, as it optimizes meat quality, survivability, and profitability in small-scale production systems.

To describe Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) practice in the community (cKMC) two months after discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). in South Indian mother-LBW infants. A prospective study enrolling 420 dyads at discharge from the NICU with follow-up on cKMC practice two months after discharge. Factors associated with cKMC were explored using logistic regression. Among the 420 enrolled, 2 (0.5%) infants died, and 12 (2.9%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining families, 25% (101) never practiced cKMC, effective practice was done by 19% (77). Infant birth weight &#x2265; 1.5&#xa0;kg (OR: 3.1, 95% CI 1.8, 5.3) was associated with higher odds of practicing cKMC, while being born at term (OR: 0.5, 95% CI 0.3, 0.8) and mothers' weight&#x2009;>&#x2009;45&#xa0;kg (OR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.7) was associated with lower odds of practicing cKMC. Continued KMC practice 48&#xa0;h before discharge was associated with higher odds (OR: 3.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.2), while absence of father's support was associated with lower odds (OR: 0.6, 95% CI 0.3, 1.0) of effective cKMC. The continuum of cKMC after discharge from the NICU was inadequate. Factors associated with cKMC practice should be considered when planning interventions to improve cKMC practices.

Despite India's status as a global pharmaceutical hub, skepticism regarding the quality of generic medicines persists among healthcare professionals and the public. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the pharmaceutical quality and cost-effectiveness of branded versus generic medicines to address these concerns and inform healthcare policy. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 131 samples of 22 essential medicines across 8 therapeutic categories were procured using convenience sampling from 7 diverse source categories of licensed retail outlets in Kerala, India, including government, private generic, and branded outlets. Samples underwent rigorous testing for description, dosage uniformity, dissolution, impurities, and assay content in an accredited laboratory according to Indian Pharmacopoeia 2022 standards. Cost-effectiveness was analysed using unit pricing and price ratios. All 131 samples (100%) met all pharmacopeial standards, demonstrating pharmaceutical equivalence across all quality parameters, regardless of whether they were generic, brand, or priced differently. Generic medicines were, on average, 48.6% cheaper than branded equivalents. The study revealed substantial price disparities, with the most expensive branded products costing up to 13.9 times as much as the lowest-priced generics. Government-run Jan Aushadhi outlets consistently offered the most affordable options across 81.8% of medicine categories tested in the study. The data confirm that low-cost government generic programs maintain rigorous quality control comparable to that of expensive private brands, highlighting a significant opportunity for cost savings in chronic disease management. Generic medicines tested in this study are pharmaceutically equivalent to their branded counterparts. Shifting to quality-assured generics, particularly through effective government retail schemes, will substantially reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure and improve treatment adherence without compromising therapeutic quality.

Background AI is rapidly transforming healthcare delivery and medical training. While global bodies advocate for incorporating AI competencies into medical curricula, limited data exist on the perceptions, knowledge levels, ethical concerns, and training needs of Indian medical students. Understanding student perspectives is vital for designing future-ready curricula. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among MBBS students at Government Medical College, Nagpur, between August and September 2024. A pretested, semi-structured, self-administered Google Form questionnaire (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA) assessed perceptions of AI utility, ethical concerns, self-rated knowledge, and preferences for AI training. A convenience sample was obtained by inviting ~50 students from each academic phase (response rate: 94.4%, n = 236/250). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25.0 (released 2017; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, and informed consent was collected digitally. Results A total of 236 students participated (mean age 20.52 &#xb1; 1.47 years; 53% male). Most respondents expressed positive perceptions of AI's potential to enhance decision-making, improve precision, and support healthcare accessibility (&#x2265;60% agreement). However, concerns about erosion of humanistic care, compromise of patient-physician relationships, and data privacy breaches were prominent. Only 31 students (13.1%) had received prior AI training. Students without training were significantly more likely to believe that AI threatens physician employment (71.2% vs. 35.5%; p = 0.00042), whereas trained students viewed AI as an augmentative tool and felt more confident about using AI in future practice (p < 0.00001). Self-rated knowledge was low, with 66.5% reporting no or minimal familiarity. A substantial majority (78.8%) expressed willingness to receive AI training. Students strongly supported integrating practical AI skills, ethics, research applications, predictive modeling, and clinical decision-support tools into the curriculum (&#x2265;60% endorsement across domains). Online learning was the preferred mode (38.1%). Conclusions Medical students demonstrate high enthusiasm for AI but possess limited knowledge and significant ethical concerns. Prior exposure to AI training correlates with more informed, positive perceptions of AI as a supportive rather than a replacement technology. The strong demand for a structured AI curriculum highlights the need for integrating foundational, technical, and ethical AI competencies into undergraduate medical education. A balanced, context-sensitive curriculum emphasizing both technological literacy and humanistic values is essential for preparing future physicians for AI-enabled healthcare.

Chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and hypertrophic mineralization are central events that guide subsequent vascular invasion and bone replacement processes. This process is controlled by a sophisticated molecular network including transcription factors such as SOX9 and Runx2, as well as key signaling pathways such as Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF). Dysregulation of this network due to genetic mutations or metabolic deficiencies can disrupt mineralization, which underpins aberrant skeletal biomechanics properties. Therefore, understanding the physiological and pathological mechanisms governing chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and mineralization holds significant potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies for disorders with compromised skeletal biomechanics.

This article reappraises brain function by reconsidering the role of cerebral fluid dynamics in cognition. Tracing a lineage from early modern thinkers like Descartes-who invoked hydraulic metaphors and 'animal spirits'-to J.C. Bose's pioneering studies on electro-mechanical plant physiology, and culminating in contemporary findings on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), extracellular space (ECS), and neurovascular coupling, we reveal a forgotten yet vital computational substrate. We argue that alongside the well-studied digital operations of neural circuits exists a slower, analog, evolutionarily older layer of electrofluidic computation. This system-comprised of ionic diffusion, convective CSF flow, and vascular modulation-not only supports but dynamically shapes neural activity. The brain emerges as an electromechanical ecology of electric pulses and fluid flows, where the mind is both a pattern of neural activity and a choreography of fluid flows.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare, and radiology is at the forefront for adoption. Increasing demand for imaging, complex protocols, quantitative image analysis, and workforce shortages drive AI development. However, clinical translation in pediatric imaging still lags its use in general radiology. Only a small number of approved tools carry explicit pediatric indications, and these focus on narrow tasks. In chest imaging, deep learning models can detect pneumonia, tuberculosis, and misplaced lines or tubes, though performance depends on pediatric-specific training and local validation. Automated bone age assessment is among the earliest and most widely adopted applications. Neuroimaging benefits include reduced acquisition times, lower contrast doses, and rapid triage of critical findings. Cardiovascular applications support congenital heart disease detection and functional assessment, while oncology applications are being explored for tumor characterization and segmentation for therapy planning. Beyond interpretation, AI can enhance workflow triage, structured reporting, and patient communication. Despite these advances, barriers remain for AI adoption. These include scarcity of pediatric datasets, limited prospective validation, workflow integration challenges, interpretability concerns, and complex ethical and legal issues unique to children. Integration with hospital systems is uneven, and routine monitoring and support are often missing. Pediatricians and surgeons should work with radiologists and data scientists to define use cases, curate datasets, validate performance, and set ethical guardrails. Future progress will depend on collaborative data sharing, robust validation, clinician engagement, child-centred guidelines, and human-centred design to ensure safe, equitable, and meaningful adoption.

The deep-sea shrimp, Aristeus alcocki Ramadan, 1938, is an economically valuable species belonging to the family Aristeidae under the superfamily Penaeoidea. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome of A. alcocki, sequenced using Illumina high-throughput technology. The circular genome spans 15,938&#xa0;bp and shows a strong A&#x2009;+&#x2009;T bias (64.15%), with nucleotide proportions of A: 31.59%, T: 32.56%, C: 14.00%, and G: 21.85%. Genome annotation identified the standard set of 37 mitochondrial genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Detailed structural and sequence analyses were performed to characterize its mitogenomic framework. To elucidate evolutionary relationships, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using concatenated sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) from 24 species across five families-Aristeidae, Benthesicymidae, Solenoceridae, Sicyoniidae, and Penaeidae-of the superfamily Penaeoidea, with representatives from Sergestidae and Squillidae serving as outgroups. The resulting phylogeny refines the evolutionary placement of A. alcocki within Penaeoidea and provides additional support for the diversification patterns of Penaeoidea. Overall, this work expands the genomic resources for penaeid shrimps and offers a foundation for studies on deep-sea adaptation, systematics, and conservation of this economically valuable group.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a global malignancy characterised by extremely low survival rates, primarily contributed to by late diagnosis, tumour heterogeneity, and resistance to available therapies. Deciphering reliable biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis, prognosis and personalized therapy. This review discusses the possibilities of clusterin (CLU) as an emerging biomarker in the field of HNSCC therapeutics by incorporating insights derived from preclinical, clinical and proteomic data. The expression of CLU in HNSCC cases has been found to be correlated with advanced stages of the tumour, metastatic potential higher histological grades and therapeutic resistance. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that CLU plays a dual role in enhancing tumour cell survival and facilitating apoptosis, contingent upon isoform and environmental context. Recent findings confirm the effectiveness of CLU as a biomarker for early diagnosis, risk evaluation, and forecasting therapeutic response. This review also focuses on the comparison of CLU to known HNSCC biomarkers and stresses the progress made in non-invasive screening and targeted therapies. In conclusion, CLU shows strong potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, warranting further research for clinical application in HNSCC.

In this study, we report the design, synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of three porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), TTP-COF, BTP-COF, and TP-COF, integrating sulfur-rich &#x3c0;-conjugated aldehyde linkers (thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, bisthiophene and thiophene) with C4-symmetric porphyrin knots via imine condensation. These frameworks exhibit enhanced electronic conductivity, efficient ion diffusion, and high structural stability. Among the tested materials, TTP-COF exhibited superior electrochemical performance in the three-electrode setup, delivering a high specific capacitance of 193.3 F g-1. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor (TTP-COF // TTP-COF) demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance of 129.2 F g-1, a high energy density of 35.2&#xa0;Wh kg-1, and outstanding cyclic stability, retaining its performance even after 25,000 charge-discharge cycles. Electrochemical studies revealed a dual charge storage mechanism involving both electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, attributed to redox-active porphyrin units and sulfur-containing linkers. Nyquist analysis confirmed the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rct = 0.18 &#x3a9;) for TTP-COF, highlighting its efficient charge transport characteristics. A symmetric supercapacitor device based on TTP-COF successfully powered white and red LEDs, validating its real-world applicability. This work underscores the potential of rationally engineered porphyrin-thiophene COFs as advanced materials for next-generation supercapacitor technologies.