Healthcare settings, dedicated to patient care and healing, have traditionally been somewhat insulated from broader political and cultural controversies. However, on January 21, 2025, the Department of Homeland Security rescinded the "sensitive location" designation for hospitals and other healthcare facilities, permitting Immigration and Customs Enforcement to conduct more enforcement actions in these settings. The previous sensitive location designation effectively meant that immigration enforcement actions, such as arrests or surveillance, were to be avoided absent exigent circumstances (i.e., emergent situations in which inaction would compromise safety or law enforcement goals). As a result, healthcare professionals are likely to encounter increased immigration enforcement activity in the workplace, raising important concerns about patient privacy, public health, and the professional responsibilities of clinicians and health systems. In this viewpoint, we offer practical guidance for healthcare professionals and institutions on mitigating risks to patient privacy and safety amid heightened immigration enforcement in healthcare settings, and we explain the narrow circumstances under which immigration officials may lawfully request or obtain identifying patient information. Our aim is to offer suggestions to help foster a patient care environment that maximizes patient trust and safety. We also hope to assist in clarifying healthcare systems' legal obligations.
Immigration and sexual and gender minority (SGM) policies operate as interlocking systems that shape perceived risk, generate fear, and drive care avoidance among SGM immigrants in the United States. This Perspective argues that immigration policy functions as SGM health policy by structuring eligibility, surveillance, and perceived safety within health care systems. We describe how immigration enforcement, asylum restrictions, and SGM-targeted legislation produce psychological harm and suppress care-seeking, particularly among transgender immigrants and asylum seekers. Persistent data gaps obscure these harms. Recognizing these intersecting legal regimes is essential for advancing equity, clinical safety, and public health.
Scholars have not conventionally examined the COVID-19 pandemic and immigration enforcement together or as having similar dimensions. We use the framework of cascading crisis to assess the impact of the cascading pandemic-immigration enforcement crisis on Latine immigrants' health from the perspectives of community health workers (CHWs) deeply embedded in immigrant communities. This qualitative study was carried out in a large metropolitan region across two phases: December 2024-January 2025 (focused on the pandemic period, January 2020-May 2023) and April-May 2025 (focused after the official end of the public health emergency in May 2023). We conducted 41 semi-structured interviews with CHWs recruited from four local organizations and analyzed data using thematic analysis. We identified three themes highlighting how CHWs described immigration enforcement as an extension of the pandemic: immigrants' lockdown mentality and decreased access to services, elevated distrust of the government, and barriers with information-sharing. Although CHWs effectively forged trust-building strategies during the pandemic that carried forward beyond its official end, this trust is now being undermined. In response, CHWs have had to innovate to adapt to immigrants' new circumstances and reaffirm trust. A multi-faceted approach to addressing the pandemic-immigration enforcement cascading crisis will be necessary, including health care professional advocacy, health care delivery innovation, the passage of inclusionary state-local policies, and alternate models of community care.
Gender-sexuality alliances (GSAs) provide critical support for 2SLGBTQ+ youth, yet the role of advisors-particularly in their self-efficacy to address race-, ethnicity-, and immigration-related issues, including how these intersect with sexual and gender identity, a construct we term racial-ethnic, immigration, and intersectional self-efficacy (REISE)-remains understudied. This study examined (a) which advisor-, GSA-, and school-related factors are associated with advisors' REISE, and (b) how this efficacy relates to youth members' socioemotional experiences. Data were collected from 627 GSA members at three time points and from 64 advisors at one time point from 51 GSAs in Massachusetts, New York City, and California. Advisors' REISE was associated with personal, advisor-related, contextual, GSA-related, and school-related factors, and with GSA youth members' reported school experiences. Advisors of color and those who felt more confident in supporting GSA members-particularly regarding 2SLGBTQ+ issues-reported higher REISE. Higher REISE was also observed in advisors of GSAs with a greater proportion of members of color, in schools offering culturally responsive curricula and race/ethnicity-focused events, and of GSAs characterized by open and inclusive climates. The extent to which advisors felt more efficacious was unrelated to how long they had served as a GSA advisor or to the frequency of GSA meetings. Moreover, random-intercept multilevel models showed that members with advisors who reported higher REISE perceived their GSAs and advisors to be more supportive at that same time point. Beyond the GSA itself, advisors' higher REISE also predicted higher positive affect and lower victimization among members, with these benefits lasting for several months. These associations did not vary by GSA members' race/ethnicity or victimization, suggesting that advisor REISE may serve as a universal protective resource for diverse youth.
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Children and youth in immigrant families benefit from the health immigrant paradox, in which immigrants display a mental health advantage over U.S.-born Americans in spite of increased socioeconomic risk. This study examined whether hostile state immigration policy contexts are associated with a weakening of this advantage and whether racial spillover effects are present for racially and ethnically minoritized youth beyond immigration background. Data were drawn from the 2023 National Survey of Children's Health and the 2022 Immigration Policy Climate index. Survey-weighted logistic regression models indicated that children with immigrant parents demonstrated a mental health advantage relative to children with U.S.-born parents. State-level immigration policy contexts moderated this association, such that children with immigrant parents experienced a modest but statistically significant increase in the likelihood of mental health problems as policy hostility increased compared to nonimmigrant children. Evidence for a racial spillover effect was present for Asian and Pacific Islander children who experienced a modest increase in odds of mental health issues as policy hostility increased, regardless of their own immigration status. Overall, these findings suggest the presence of the healthy immigrant advantage for child and youth mental health while complicating this narrative by finding that this advantage modestly decreases as state-level immigration policy hostility increases. Findings highlight the need for a more contextualized understanding of child mental health and for greater attention to political environments in clinical mental health care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Immigrants to Canada are disproportionately affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Little is known about treatment outcomes among immigrants at the national level or how outcomes vary across Canadian provinces. We used data from the Canadian Network Undertaking against Hepatitis C (CANUHC), a prospective cohort enrolling HCV RNA-positive patients from 17 sites across 6 Canadian provinces between 2015 and 2025. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, immigration details, time to first consult, and treatment outcomes were evaluated. Treatment outcomes included direct-acting antiviral (DAA) initiation, sustained virological response (SVR) bloodwork completion, and SVR achievement. Of 2521 patients, 427 (16.9%) were immigrants to Canada. Immigrants had higher educational attainment (60.8% vs 28.2% college/university, P < .001), higher employment (47.1% vs 28.0%, P < .001), and lower proportions with a history of injection drug use (25.8% vs 75.3%, P < .001), incarceration (12.9% vs 49.1%, P < .001), or recreational drug use (43.5% vs 91.8%, P < .001). Immigrants demonstrated excellent DAA treatment outcomes with higher crude rates of DAA initiation (95.6% vs 92.2%, P = .02), posttreatment SVR bloodwork completion (81.6% vs 70.5%, P < .001), and SVR (100% vs 98.6%, P = .03). However, after adjustment for age, sex, race, and key socioeconomic measures, immigration status was not independently associated with these outcomes. The mean time from immigration to specialist assessment was 24.9 years (standard deviation, 18.6 years). The delay in accessing care trended downward with each 5-year interval from 1990 to the present (median years, 26, 22, 16, 12, 7, and 2; P < .001). Immigrants in the CANUHC cohort achieved excellent DAA treatment outcomes comparable to or exceeding those of Canadian-born patients. When engaged in care, immigrants can successfully complete the HCV treatment cascade.
Limited diversity in speech-language pathology is an issue as populations served become increasingly diverse. This study provides the first overview of demographic diversity within the German speech-language pathology workforce and examines discrimination experiences across multiple dimensions, with comparisons to national population statistics where possible. A nationwide cross-sectional online survey using a 65-item self-identification questionnaire was conducted. Fully completed responses from speech-langauge pathologists (n = 1580) were analysed descriptively. Variables included age, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship/nationality, immigration history, ethnic origin/racialisation, religion/belief, language, disability, qualification pathways, and self-reported discrimination. Data were collected via LimeSurvey following guidance from the Federal Anti-Discrimination Agency. The workforce was predominantly female (91.3%) and White (93.16%). Respondents with an immigration history (18.29%) and Muslim affiliation were comparatively underrepresented compared with the general population. Sexual orientation and overall religious affiliation broadly aligned with population estimates. Heritage-language proficiency in major migrant languages was limited. Overall, 69% reported experiencing discrimination at least occasionally, most commonly based on gender. Respondents with an immigration history more often reported multiple perceived bases of discrimination. The German speech-language pathology workforce appears demographically homogenous, particularly regarding ethnicity/racialisation and heritage-language diversity. Discrimination is common. These findings provide a baseline for understanding workforce diversity and relate to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 5, 8, and 10.
The Canadian television series Heated Rivalry, adapted from Rachel Reid's bestselling hockey romance novels, has been widely celebrated as a landmark representation of queer joy, healthy masculinities, and LGBTQ+ inclusion in sport. Set against the backdrop of a secret romance between Canadian hockey star Shane Hollander and Russian player Ilya Rozanov, the series has also become entangled with broader narratives of Canadian national identity. Drawing on Jasbir Puar's concept of homonationalism and scholarship on banal nationalism, this paper examines how Heated Rivalry mobilizes queer inclusion as evidence of Canadian moral progress while obscuring ongoing forms of exclusion and state violence. We argue that the series reproduces a distinctly Canadian form of homonationalism through its juxtaposition of a homophobic Russia and a tolerant Canada, its romanticization of iconic national symbols such as the Muskoka cottage, and its celebration within political and commercial spheres. These representations align queer inclusion with narratives of multiculturalism, diversity, and national exceptionalism, positioning Canada as a safe haven for LGBTQ+ people. At the same time, this imagined inclusivity exists alongside ongoing contradictions in Canadian governance, including restrictive immigration policies, uneven provincial protections for 2SLGBTQI+ communities, contested reconciliation processes, and persistent racial inequalities. By situating Heated Rivalry within contemporary debates surrounding nationalism, belonging, and queer citizenship, this paper demonstrates how popular cultural texts can function as sites through which homonationalist discourses are reproduced and normalized. La série télévisée canadienne Heated Rivalry, adaptée des romans à succès de Rachel Reid mêlant hockey et romance, a été largement saluée comme une représentation emblématique de la joie queer, des masculinités saines et de l'inclusion LGBTQ+ dans le sport. Avec pour toile de fond une histoire d'amour secrète entre la star canadienne de hockey Shane Hollander et le joueur russe Ilya Rozanov, la série s'est également retrouvée mêlée à des discours plus larges sur l'identité nationale canadienne. S'appuyant sur le concept d'homonationalisme de Jasbir Puar et sur les travaux universitaires consacrés au nationalisme banal, cet article examine comment Heated Rivalry met en avant l'inclusion queer comme preuve du progrès moral canadien tout en occultant les formes persistantes d'exclusion et de violence d’État. Nous soutenons que la série reproduit une forme typiquement canadienne d'homonationalisme à travers la juxtaposition d'une Russie homophobe et d'un Canada tolérant, sa romantisation de symboles nationaux emblématiques tels que le chalet de Muskoka, et sa célébration dans les sphères politiques et commerciales. Ces représentations associent l'inclusion des personnes queer à des discours sur le multiculturalisme, la diversité et l'exceptionnalisme national, positionnant le Canada comme un refuge pour les personnes LGBTQ+. Dans le même temps, cette inclusivité imaginaire coexiste avec des contradictions persistantes dans la gouvernance canadienne, notamment des politiques d'immigration restrictives, des protections provinciales inégales pour les communautés 2SLGBTQI+, des processus de réconciliation contestés et des inégalités raciales persistantes. En situant Heated Rivalry au cœur des débats contemporains sur le nationalisme, l'appartenance et la citoyenneté queer, cet article démontre comment les textes de la culture populaire peuvent servir de vecteurs à travers lesquels les discours homonationalistes sont reproduits et normalisés.
Physical activity (PA) and sport are mechanisms that promote health and social belonging, yet evidence of policies promoting sports participation and inclusion for Australia's growing migrant population is limited. This study examined how Australian federal, Victorian state and local government (LG) policies address migrant inclusion and equitable sports participation, with a secondary focus on Asian Indians, Australia's largest Asian ethnic group. Twenty public-facing policy documents drawn between 2014 and 2024 were systematically selected and thematically analysed (federal: n = 10, state: n = 2, LGs: n = 8) using content analysis with 10 predefined categories drawn from migrant-contextual PA domains and planning aspects. Fifteen documents referenced migrant-specific keywords. Key categories included social and cultural contexts, physical environment and target groups. Sociocultural framing in national and LG documents highlighted sport's role in migrant integration. Victorian LGs adapted the physical environment to accommodate informal and culturally specific sports (e.g., kabaddi), fee-free options and multisport facilities. Few national sport-sector documents distinctly target migrants. Immigration-sector documents identified new arrivals, highlighted cross-government partnerships that integrated sport within workplace initiatives, and adopted a migrant-focused evaluation framework. Most documents lacked actionable migrant-focused initiatives and details on budget, timeframes or legal compliance. Migrant inclusion is gaining attention in national sport policy initiatives but is insufficiently addressed in state-level documents. Intersectional approaches, targeted planning, collaboration between sport, immigration and health sectors, and increased political advocacy could advance migrant equity.
Immigrants are at a heightened risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after relocating, and their interactions with the healthcare system differ from those of nonimmigrants. This study aimed to explore the challenges and perspectives of immigrants living with IBD regarding their healthcare. We recruited persons aged 18 or over with IBD, including those with and without an immigration history, to complete an anonymous online survey. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies, and cross-group comparisons were performed using the Chi-square test. We included 75 immigrants and 150 nonimmigrants with similar baseline demographics, with many indicating poorly controlled IBD. Immigrants were more likely to report no access to formal translation services during their appointments (24 [32%] vs 6 [8%]), despite many not speaking the same language as their gastroenterologist (31 [41.3%] vs 3 [2%]). Immigrants were more often unable to miss work for healthcare appointments (24 [32%] vs 17 [11.3%]). Many were diagnosed after immigration (58 [77.3%]). Despite this, 29 [38.7%] contacted physicians in their home countries and purchased medications from their countries of origin (8 [10.7%]). Most immigrants expressed concerns that "Western" foods in their current country of residence contributed to their flares (44 [58.7%]) compared to only 11 [14.7%] who were concerned about foods from their home country. Immigrants encounter significant obstacles in accessing healthcare, including communication, financial barriers, and cultural factors such as food preferences, which hinder their ability to receive the care they need.
This article examines how migration governance and minority stress intersect to shape intimate partner violence (IPV) among LGBTIQ+ displaced persons in Mexico. While existing scholarship has documented the mental health impacts of displacement and discrimination on sexual and gender minorities (SGM), little attention has been paid to how intimate relationships become sites where legal precarity, social isolation, and structural stigma converge to produce vulnerability to abuse. Drawing on a qualitative case study analysis of four theoretically selected cases from a wider sample of 37 LGBTIQ+ displaced persons and 12 civil society actors, the article demonstrates that IPV cannot be understood as a purely interpersonal phenomenon. It is structurally co-produced by migration governance, institutional neglect, and heteronormative policy frameworks. The cases reveal distinct but related causal configurations-from immigration law weaponized as coercive control, to spousal legal dependency producing confinement, to institutional transphobia driving internal displacement. Findings contribute to bridging literatures on queer IPV, minority stress, and migration governance, and carry implications for asylum policy, LGBTIQ+-specific service provision, and future research.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake remains low among Black immigrant populations in the United States. Limited data exist on determinants of PrEP uptake in this population. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we explored potential determinants of PrEP uptake among Black immigrants in New England. We conducted in-depth interviews with Black immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean, recruited through a safety-net health care system in New England between December 2024 and August 2025. Eligibility included age ≥ 18 years, residing in Massachusetts, living in the United Sates for ≤ 5 years, PrEP eligible, and willing to discuss HIV and sexual health. Interviews were conducted in participants' preferred language. Guided by CFIR, we conducted a thematic analysis using NVivo to identify key themes. Of the 20 participants, 70% were female with a mean age of 36.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.5) years, 60% were partnered, and 60% were from the Caribbean. The mean US residence was 18.1 months (SD = 10.7). We identified themes across CFIR domains: (1) innovation characteristics (fear of daily medications and side effects), (2) outer setting (cultural/religious barriers, HIV stigma, competing basic needs, and immigration fears), (3) inner setting (health care trust and language barriers), (4) individual characteristics (low perceived HIV risk, PrEP misconceptions), and (5) process (lack of culturally-tailored PrEP information delivery). Black immigrants face unique barriers to PrEP uptake across CFIR domains, including individual beliefs, cultural factors, health care systems, and implementation processes. The results highlight the need for culturally responsive PrEP implementation strategies that target these determinants.
A common misconception is that Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stems solely from poor treatment management in hospitals and weak health systems. AMR is, however, driven by a multitude of factors, including environmental stressors such as contamination from industrial, agricultural, domestic, and healthcare waste, use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and agriculture, inadequate water, sanitation, and poverty. This paper is a synthesis of stakeholder engagement to advocate for a multi-sectoral One Health approach to address the emerging global threat of AMR. The Africa One Health Network for Disease Prevention (ADAPT) led multi-sectoral stakeholder engagement at the 15th CUGH annual conference in San Francisco, USA. Up to 100 in-person attendees included medical clinicians, microbiologists, anthropologists, veterinarians, agriculturalists, crop scientists, data scientists, mathematical modellers, policy makers, and economists, among others. Stakeholders' views were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed manually according to pre-determined themes of (a) key achievements, (b) challenges, and (c) recommendations for multi-and inter-sectoral approaches towards antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and AMR. Academic research institutions and governments are called to foster multi-sectoral and inter-sectoral collaborative education, research, policy, and community engagement innovations, together with the human and animal health, wildlife, agriculture, trade, tourism, urbanization, and immigration sectors, to prioritize efforts to promote AMS.
Operation Metro Surge, a joint initiative by the Department of Homeland Security and the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), significantly disrupted daily life in Minnesota. Despite numerous anecdotal reports, the impact and scale of this disruption to local health care systems had not been quantified. An interrupted-time series analysis was used to assess the impact of ICE Metro Surge on missed appointments and reschedule requests in 2 hospital-based general pediatrics practices located on the Minneapolis and St Paul campuses of Minnesota's flagship pediatric hospital. We identified a total of 15 611 eligible appointments in the post-Metro Surge period and 113 934 in the pre-Metro Surge period. The rate of missed appointments among Hispanic/Latiné patients increased by 51.2% during Metro Surge compared to the same time period (the first week of December to second week of February) in the prior 2 years (31.3% vs 20.7%; P < .001). Missed appointment rates increased by 80.4% among Spanish-speaking families (34.1% vs 18.9%, P < .001) and 53.1% among families with a need for interpretation (28.1% vs 18.4%, P < .001). During the Metro Surge period, reschedule requests for well-child visits increased 51% compared to previous years (P < .001). Our findings demonstrate that Metro Surge decreased pediatric outpatient use in Minneapolis and St Paul, Minnesota. The observed decrease in outpatient care exceeded predicted outpatient care based on preexisting and seasonal trends in missed appointments and reschedule requests. The cumulative effect of this period of exacerbated health care disparities and delayed care may have long-term impacts on child health.
The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a critical public health issue in the United States, yet rigorous evaluations of primary prevention programs remain scarce. While ecological systems theory highlights the importance of macrosystem influences (e.g., policy, political climate), these factors are rarely examined as direct barriers to prevention implementation and evaluation. This paper describes a community-based participatory research (CBPR) case study of Project LIVE-a federally funded, school-based CSEC prevention trial in a public school district in a midsized Midwestern city-to examine how macrosystem-level forces disrupted program implementation and compromised the feasibility of rigorous evaluation. Drawing on a multi-year (2022-2027) CDC-funded initiative, we synthesize recruitment and retention data, implementation records, and contextual documentation across an open pilot trial and a planned quasi-experimental design. Using an ecological systems framework, we analyze how federal, state, and district-level policies and events shaped study outcomes. Despite strong community partnerships, high program relevance, and extensive recruitment efforts, enrollment and retention were insufficient to support planned analyses (e.g., <13% post-test completion in the quasi-experimental phase). Key barriers included a state-mandated shift from passive to active guardian consent, federal immigration enforcement policies that heightened fear among immigrant communities, mass federal workforce reductions affecting grant oversight, and substantial school district administrative instability. These macrosystem disruptions cascaded across micro, meso, and exosystems, ultimately leading to early termination of programming. Findings underscore the critical yet underexamined role of macrosystem forces in shaping the feasibility and success of school-based prevention research. Even well-funded, theoretically grounded, and community-engaged interventions may fail under conditions of political instability and policy misalignment. Future prevention science should incorporate assessments of policy context, community readiness, and structural risk, and prioritize flexible, adaptive designs capable of withstanding macro-level disruptions.
Latinx populations in the United States experience a disproportionate burden of mental and behavioral health challenges and face significant barriers to care, often relying on emergency departments during crises. The study explores the social determinants of mental health shaping emergency department experiences of Latinx children with mental and behavioral health conditions and their care partners. This study draws on a subset of participants from a larger, multiethnic qualitative study by focusing specifically on Latinx children (ages 6-18; n = 4) and their care partners (n = 5). In-depth interviews were conducted with children selecting arts-based techniques (e.g., photo elicitation and drawing). Data were analyzed using the World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health framework, combining inductive coding with categorization into structural and intermediary determinants. Findings demonstrate how structural determinants (e.g., immigration-related barriers, insurance, and socioeconomic position) interact with intermediary determinants (e.g., psychosocial stress, material hardship, and health system factors) to shape care-seeking, including delays in accessing services and reliance on emergency departments. Cultural influences emerged primarily through individual- and family-level beliefs and did not operate in isolation; rather, their influence was embedded within broader social contexts marked by varying levels of social cohesion and social capital. Overall, the study highlights mental and behavioral health crisis care as a system-mediated, ongoing process rather than a discrete event. While findings reflect a small, context-specific sample, they underscore the need for integrated, culturally and linguistically responsive, and structurally informed interventions, such as the inclusion of bilingual community health workers, to improve access and continuity of care for Latinx families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Social and emotional skills (SES) are key predictors of students' academic success and well-being, yet how these skills cluster and vary across student groups remains underexplored in non-Western contexts. This study identified distinct SES profiles among Turkish adolescents and examined which demographic characteristics and school climate factors are associated with these profiles, as well as their links to achievement in reading, mathematics and science. The analyses used nationally representative data from 7250 15-year-old students in Türkiye participating in PISA 2022. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using students' self-reported SES indicators. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine predictors of profile membership, and achievement differences across profiles were tested using the Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars (BCH) method with pooled Wald chi-square tests. Five distinct SES profiles were identified: Empathic but Overwhelmed, Withdrawn and At-Risk, Average Majority, Assertive Explorers and Compassionate Collaborators. Gender and socioeconomic status were significant predictors: girls were more likely to belong to empathy- and collaboration-oriented profiles, while students from advantaged families were overrepresented in adaptive groups. Immigration-related variables showed limited significant relations. Strong teacher-student relationships and a sense of belonging were linked to higher SES profiles. The Assertive Explorers and Compassionate Collaborators achieved the highest scores across all subjects, whereas the Withdrawn and At-Risk group had the lowest. The findings demonstrate that adolescents' SES clusters into distinct, context-sensitive configurations that shape their academic performance. Tailored educational strategies that foster self-regulation, perseverance and a sense of belonging may enhance both emotional well-being and learning outcomes.
This paper examines how endorsements of white replacement conspiracies by political leaders might redirect public attention and energize white supremacist activity in the United States. We trace the historical evolution of replacement narratives and examine their appeal to political actors, then discuss theoretical frameworks linking reports of hostile political speech, public attention, and extremist mobilization. We construct a novel dataset combining federal and state legislators' endorsements of replacement narratives that received media attention with Google search trends and indicators of white supremacist mobilization and propaganda. Using ARMAX time-series models, we identify a robust positive relationship between the cumulation of political endorsements and subsequent increases in white supremacist activity-a pattern that is replicated in state-level analyses employing state fixed-effects models. While cumulative endorsements are associated with public attention on immigration at the state level, this relationship is less pronounced at the national level, suggesting that legislators' rhetorical influence may be spatially concentrated within their own constituencies. These findings reveal how political elites might simultaneously shift public attention and foster climates of outgroup hostility that increase extremist mobilization, offering broader insight into the interplay between public discourse about demographic change and socio-political behavior.
This multi-method pilot study assessed three versions of a school-based program that reflects advocacy in service-learning pedagogy by centering on education for immigrant rights in three states. A total of 137 participants were surveyed post-program about their empowerment with legal rights information, psychological well-being, and open-ended prompts regarding their program experiences. Associations and the moderation effects of program groups were probed in SPSS Process Macro. Consensual Qualitative Research Modified was used to analyze qualitative data. Results indicated high levels of empowerment and well-being. The moderation model explained 23.5% of the variance, with a moderately strong overall association (.13) between empowerment and well-being.Interaction and conditional effects revealed a direct link between empowerment and well-being for youth. CQR-M yielded six core ideas suggesting that all groups benefited from receiving empowering information and learning in an environment of gratitude for immigrants. Findings are relevant for interventions and practices for immigrant communities to flourish.