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Anatomical minimally invasive liver resection requires an understanding of hepatic vascular anatomy to minimize complications and optimize outcomes. This study characterized variations in right portal vein (RPV) and right hepatic vein (RHV) anatomy using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction and established a practical classification system to guide surgical planning. Contrast-enhanced CT images from 569 patients without known liver disease were analyzed at a single Chinese tertiary center. 3D reconstructions were performed using the Hisense CAS system. RPV and RHV vascular branching patterns were systematically evaluated and classified according to their origins, bifurcation points, and relationships to Couinaud segments and Glissonean pedicles. We identified four distinct RPV branching patterns: Type A (68.5%) showed classical bifurcation into right anterior and posterior portal veins from a common RPV trunk; Type B (19.9%) showed direct branching from the main portal vein; Type C (3.9%) showed anomalous branching with the right anterior portal vein (RAPV) originating from the left portal vein; and Type D (7.7%) showed trifurcation. For the right hepatic vein (RHV) drainage, we identified three types, with Type A (a single dominant trunk, 68%) being the most common. Accessory RHVs were present in 49.7% of the patients, making them the most frequently observed anatomical variation. Our study demonstrates substantial anatomical variation in right-sided hepatic vasculature, with accessory RHVs present in nearly half of our patients. 3D CT reconstruction provides accurate preoperative vascular mapping that is essential for safe anatomical minimally invasive liver resection. Our classification system enables individualized surgical planning and facilitates the craniocaudal Glissonean approach for segment-oriented liver resection.

Mulberry anthocyanins possess desirable bioactivities but suffer from poor stability and low bioavailability, limiting their application. Here, a anthocyanin-protective yeast, Hanseniaspora opuntiae DYG5 (DYG5), was identified, and a fermentation-adsorption (FA) strategy was developed in which naturally inactivated yeast acts as a food-grade carrier for anthocyanin stabilization and delivery. Compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SY), DYG5 exhibited faster adsorption kinetics and a 25% higher adsorption capacity. Structural characterization (SEM, TEM, BET/DFT, and FTIR) indicated that fermentation-induced cell wall remodeling resulted in a distinct adsorption pattern. Functionally, DYG5 significantly enhanced anthocyanin stability under light, thermal, and extreme pH conditions. In simulated digestion, DYG5 FA retained over 83% of anthocyanins and maintained detectable C3G and C3R, indicating improved stability and sustained release. Overall, this study demonstrates a fermentation-integrated yeast-based strategy that offers a natural, food-grade route for enhancing anthocyanin stability and modulating its release behavior in functional food applications.

The temporal relationship between oxidative processes and microbial succession during aerobic cold storage has not been quantitatively characterized. We hypothesized that oxidation dominates early-stage quality loss, while microbial proliferation drives later-stage deterioration, with the two processes being temporally associated. This study investigated the patterns and mechanisms of quality deterioration in fresh beef stored under aerobic conditions at 4 °C for 10 days. Through comprehensive analysis of microbial communities (via high-throughput sequencing, total viable counts, and TVB-N), oxidation indicators (including TBARS, carbonyl compounds, sulfhydryl content, MetMb content, etc.), and quality characteristics (color, texture, and flavor), strong temporal and quantitative associations were observed. Early-stage quality loss was primarily associated with oxidative processes, as evidenced by a rapid decrease in redness. Meanwhile, later-stage deterioration, particularly flavor and texture decline, was strongly correlated with microbial proliferation, notably the dominance of Pseudomonas spp. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that lipid and protein oxidation were significantly associated with microbial total viable counts and changes in key volatile spoilage markers. The results indicate that oxidative and microbial activities are closely associated with beef quality decline, with oxidation mainly associated with color deterioration and microbial activity more strongly associated with flavor changes. These findings demonstrate close associations between co-oxidation processes, microbial succession, and beef quality deterioration, providing a quantitative basis for developing targeted, stage-specific preservation strategies.

Multispectral infrared imaging systems that simultaneously operate in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) and mid-wave infrared (MWIR) bands offer significant advantages for target detection and recognition. However, conventional infrared optical systems rely on bulky multi-element lens assemblies to accommodate incident wavelengths of LWIR and MWIR bands, making it challenging for compact thermal optics design. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an inverse designed infrared metalens capable of simultaneously focusing LWIR and MWIR radiation at wavelengths of 9.5 μm and 4.75 μm with a focal length variation of 1%. In the experiment, the proposed metalens with detector enables a dual-wavelength thermal imaging with a compact size (26 × 26 × 18 mm3) and a light weight (19 g). This work establishes a robust and scalable inverse design strategy for dual-wavelength infrared metalenses and provides a promising route toward compact, integrated, and multifunctional infrared imaging lens.

Severe traumatic liver rupture in children has a high mortality rate. The computer-assisted surgery (CAS) system is an effective medical image simulation tool, which can display the adjacent relationship between the liver and surrounding tissues (especially compressed blood vessels) in a three-dimensional (3D), dynamic and complete way, and assist in precise liver resection. It provides important guidance for preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation. This chapter reports the individualized computer-assisted surgical planning and progress of a case of complex pediatric abdominal trauma. A 3-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital due to a severe abdominal crush injury caused by a car accident. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed grade V liver injuries [2018 American Association for the Surgery of Trauma-Organ Injury Scale (2018 AAST-OIS)], as well as splenic and renal contusion. Emergency CAS was performed to repair liver contusion. Biliary fluid was drained from the chest cavity after the operation, and contrast-enhanced CT showed diaphragmatic rupture and intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm. The ruptured diaphragm was repaired by laparotomy with the assistance of a Hisense CAS system, and the intrahepatic pseudoaneurysm was treated by interventional therapy. The child responded well to the comprehensive treatment, and no complications such as bile leakage and infection were found after the operation. Regular imaging and laboratory tests confirmed that the child recovered stably, and the child displayed satisfactory physical development and growth during the follow-up period. The CAS system can predict surgical risk, and has important clinical value for in the treatment of children with multiple traumas.

Laennec's capsule serves as a crucial anatomical landmark in liver surgery, yet imaging-based morphometric studies of this fibrous membrane remain limited. This study introduces a novel 3D reconstruction technique to visualize and measure the hepatic pedicle via Laennec's capsule, with validation focused on the left portal branch and development of a 3D-printed model for surgical planning. 30 patients undergoing left hemihepatectomy were recruited to validate the accuracy of a Laennec's capsule-based 3D reconstruction system (Hisense CAS). Preoperative measurements of the left branch length, diameter, and the angle between the main trunk and the hepatic pedicle were compared with intraoperative findings. Additionally, 100 adults without hilar lesions underwent 3D reconstruction for comprehensive morphological classification and statistical analysis of the hepatic pedicle trunk and main branches. No statistically significant differences emerged between the 3D reconstruction data and intraoperative measurements, confirming the method's accuracy. Four distinct branching patterns were identified, with Type I accounting for 88% of cases. At the first hepatic hilum, the mean outer diameter of the hepatic pedicle was 24.10 ± 6.16 mm. The left and right main branches demonstrated considerable variability in length (20.59 ± 6.38 mm vs. 21.99 ± 7.97 mm) and outer diameter (18.04 ± 4.48 mm vs. 21.18 ± 4.23 mm). The angle between the left and right main branches was 140.81 ± 16.72°. Furthermore, a 3D-printed liver model was developed to aid in surgical planning and education. Three-dimensional reconstruction based on Laennec's capsule accurately reflects hepatic pedicle anatomy and its variations. The predominance of Type I branching underscores the need for precise classification during liver surgery. This approach provides valuable morphological data for individualized surgical planning, improves intraoperative safety, and sets the stage for further research integrating alternative imaging modalities and larger patient cohorts.

We sought to investigate the factors influencing liver regeneration after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma and the relationship between liver regeneration and prognosis. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 92 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing hemihepatectomy at Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital (2014-2020) with complete CT imaging (postoperative day 3 and month 1) and clinical records. Using Hisense CAS software, we performed three-dimensional liver reconstruction to quantify standardized residual liver volume (SRLV) and calculate hepatic regeneration rate (HRR) at 1-month postoperation. Patients were stratified into high and low-regeneration groups based on median HRR. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were applied to identify factors influencing regeneration. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests analyzed tumor-free survival (TFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes in relation to regeneration capacity.&#xa0;The cohort comprised 61 right and 31 left hemihepatectomies. Median 1-month HRR was 17.6% overall, with significant disparity between right (20.29%) and left hepatectomy subgroups (12.2%). Univariate analysis identified age, sex, alcohol history, hepatitis B status, cirrhosis severity, and SRLV as significant regeneration predictors (all P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05). Multivariate modeling established cirrhosis severity (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.217, 95% CI:0.064-0.732, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.014) and SRLV (OR&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.989, 95% CI:0.982-0.995, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001) as independent determinants.Prognostically, high-regeneration patients exhibited extended median TFS (16 vs. 5 months, P<0.05) compared to low-regeneration counterparts, though no significant OS difference was observed (P>0.05).&#xa0;Cirrhosis severity and standardized residual liver volume (SRLV) independently predict post-hemihepatectomy liver regeneration in HCC patients. Preoperative 3D reconstruction-guided SRLV assessment combined with cirrhosis evaluation optimizes surgical planning. Enhanced hepatic regeneration correlates with shorter tumor-free survival (median 16 vs 5 months, P&#xff1c;0.05), necessitating intensified surveillance in high-regeneration cohorts to mitigate recurrence risks.

This study aimed to measure the normal renal volume in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years from the eastern coastal region of China using the computer-assisted surgery (CAS) system. Accurate measurement of kidney volume is important as a marker for follow-up in patients with congenital anomalies. We established reference ranges for renal volume based on age, height, and weight, and developed predictive models using commonly available clinical data. A total of 803 children and adolescents participated, with clinical data including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) collected. The Hisense CAS system was employed to perform 3D reconstructions of CT images, allowing precise measurement of left and right kidney volumes. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in size between the left and right kidneys (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), with the left kidney being larger in 79.08% of cases. Age, height, weight, BMI, and BSA were all significantly correlated with kidney volume, with BSA showing the strongest correlation. We developed predictive formulas based on height and weight with good accuracy (R&#xb2; = 0.896 for left kidney and R&#xb2; = 0.891 for right kidney). These findings provide reference values for renal volume and offer useful tools for early detection and monitoring of renal abnormalities in the pediatric population.

Brain ischemia disrupts endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dynamics, causes ER stress, and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). During the UPR, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) phosphorylates eIF2&#x3b1;, shutting down global protein synthesis, inhibits protein synthesis, and provides neuroprotection during acute ischemic stroke. Herein, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) and PERK neuron-specific deletion conditional knockout mice were employed to observe the function and mechanisms of PERK. CCT020312, a novel selective PERK activator, specifically activates PERK and provides neuroprotection both in vivo and in vitro stroke models. Additionally, CCT020312 enhanced neuronal survival and cerebral microvessels and decreased the level of astrogliosis in acute ischemic stroke mice. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CCT020312 not only prevented apoptosis but also enhanced the PERK/p-eIF2&#x3b1;/LC3-II autophagy signaling pathway in MCAO/R mice. In conclusion, our study supports the potential therapeutic value of targeting PERK in acute ischemic stroke, offering a promising strategy for enhancing stroke outcomes through the modulation of protein synthesis and the autophagy pathway.

In recent years, the number of pediatric patients with unexplained liver disease has been increasing. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology has played a significant role in the diagnosis; however, related studies remain limited. To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic causes of unexplained pediatric liver disease to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Eighty children with unexplained liver disease were divided into two groups: The liver enzyme elevation group (Group A) and the cholestasis group (Group B). Children with both elevated liver enzymes and cholestasis were assigned to Group B. The clinical characteristics of the patients were retrospectively summarized, and WES was performed in the patients and their parents. Genetic results were obtained in 46 patients (46/80, 57.5%), including 38 in Group A (38/65, 58.5%) and 8 in Group B (8/15, 53.3%). A total of 53 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 42 patients (42/80, 52.5%), including 40 previously reported variants and 13 novel variants. Seven variants of uncertain significance were identified in 7 patients (7/80, 8.8%), of which 4 were novel variants. A total of 19 gene mutations were identified: 2 cases of AGL, 15 cases of ATP7B, 1 case of CAPN3, 4 cases of DMD, 1 case of FLG, 1 case of G6PC, 5 cases of JAG1, 2 cases of PHKA2, 2 cases of PYGL, 1 case of SMARCAL1, 1 case of SMPD1, 1 case of TNFAIP3, 1 case of GLB1, and 1 case of MAT1A in Group A; and 1 case of SLC25A13, 3 cases of JAG1, 1 case of ATP8B1, 1 case of ABCC2, 1 case of ABCD3, and 1 case of 45X in Group B. WES significantly improved the etiological diagnosis of unexplained pediatric liver disease, helping guide individualized treatment and improve prognosis.

To explore rare and difficult cases of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) in children in a single centre, summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience and analyse the role of a computer-assisted surgery system (Hisense CAS), thus providing a new global vision and three-dimensional perspective. We retrospectively collected the clinical data including the diagnoses and treatment processes, of children with UESL confirmed by histopathological examination in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2020. The relationship between the tumour volume and important blood vessels and between the liver volume and tumour volume, as well as other three-dimensional characteristics in the reconstructed three-dimensional model were analysed using Hisense CAS. The findings from this analysis can be used to aid in surgical decision-making and preoperative planning. Four children-3 girls and 1 boy-with UESL were included in the study. The age at onset ranged from 6 to 8 years. All four children presented with symptoms of abdominal discomfort, and abdominal masses were detected during physical examination. Owing to the wishes of their parents and the possibility that the disease was benign, all four children underwent one-stage radical surgery. For patient 1, a three-dimensional reconstruction was created during the initial diagnosis, which made accurate evaluation and planning of the preoperative procedure challenging. In patient 2, the tumour was located in the middle lobe of the liver and involved the first and second hepatic hilum. For patient 3, the pathological diagnosis of the tumour after surgery was challenging, but eventually, the diagnosis was confirmed through histochemistry and consultation with higher-level hospitals. Patient 4 had a giant tumour, which had a preoperative simulated future liver remnant volume (FLV) that was 21.0% of the total volume of the liver and tumour (TLTV). According to the standard liver volume (SLV) for children, the FLV was 77.0% of the SLV, making surgery feasible. All four children underwent complete resection, and only patient 4 experienced recurrence below the diaphragm 19 months after surgery. Currently, the 3-year overall survival rate is 100%, and the 3-year event-free survival rate is 75%. UESL in children is rare, and the key to diagnosis and treatment is complete surgical resection. Through individualized three-dimensional surgical planning, accurate and complete resection of difficult and complex UESL in children can be achieved, leading to a favourable prognosis.

The difficulty to control the flavor quality of sturgeon meat products is a major problem that limits the development of processing industry. The twin-screw extrusion technique was used to investigate the effects of closed processing conditions on lipid, volatile compounds and flavor quality. The flavor, metabolites, and lipids of extruded surimi changed significantly after processing temperature reaching 160&#xa0;&#xb0;C, and the intensity of flavors at 200&#xa0;rpm was higher than that in the lower rotational speed groups. Eight volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS as characteristic flavor compounds of extruded sturgeon surimi. Phospholipids enriched with unsaturated fatty acid chains, glutamine, 5'-IMP, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and DHA can be regarded as potential metabolic markers significantly associated with surimi flavor. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of surimi products with improved flavor.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has gained widespread clinical acceptance owing to its minimally invasive approach and enhanced postoperative recovery. This study developed a standardized ovine aortic stenosis (AS) model through surgical implantation of a circular bioengineered annular stent in the aortic root, creating a reproducible pathomimetic platform for TAVI evaluation. Following hemodynamic stabilization, TAVI procedures were performed to systematically assess mid-to-long-term valve functionality and calcification progression. AS model was established in 11 sheep using extracorporeal circulation assistance technology. Following hemodynamic stabilization (2-4 weeks), TAVI was performed. The modeled sheep were divided into two groups to monitor valve conditions at 3 months (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6) and 6 months (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), respectively. Additionally, a non-modeled control group was established, with valve conditions assessed at 3 months (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2) and 6 months (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1). Preoperative ultrasound data, collected on the day of TAVI, which served as the baseline. Key hemodynamic parameters including blood flow velocity, transvalvular pressure gradient, and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured at 30, 90, and 180 days postoperatively, in accordance with Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 (VARC-3), to evaluate temporal changes in hemodynamics. The effects of the AS model on valve function were further analyzed by integrating final histopathological findings and calcification degree outcomes. Successful AS model establishment was achieved in all 11 sheep, with significant increases in mean transvalvular pressure gradient (&#x394;+17.98&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;12.71&#x2005;mmHg) and peak flow velocity observed post-modeling (&#x394;+ 2.23&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.38&#x2005;m/s). Post-TAVI evaluation demonstrated progressive hemodynamic normalization, achieving pre-modeling levels (1.72 vs. 6.91&#x2005;mmHg, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.058/0.80 vs. 1.51&#x2005;m/s, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.065) at 180-day follow-up. LVEF remained stable throughout the experimental period. Histopathological analysis indicated comparable calcification burden between 90 and 180 days (Calcium Content: P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.7459 and Calcification Score: P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.5455). The surgically induced ovine AS model effectively replicates clinically relevant hemodynamic perturbations while maintaining excellent procedural feasibility. TAVI in this model achieves complete hemodynamic normalization without accelerating bioprosthetic valve degeneration or calcification. This standardized preclinical platform enables rigorous evaluation of TAVI device performance and durability, providing robust scientific validation for translational applications.

Humid environment leads to microbial growth, and adsorption of droplets containing bacteria can purify the air. The main challenges are high adsorption rate of water vapor and bacteria killing. A new composite adsorbent MIL-101(Cr)@LiCl (ML) is prepared by encapsulating LiCl in MIL-101(Cr), and it is doped into the skeleton of PAAcK hydrogel. By modulating the ML content within the hydrogel matrix, the H2O capture capability, Contact-Electro-Catalytic (CEC) performance, and conductivity of PAAcK@MIL-101(Cr)@LiCl (PML) are tuned, enabling the innovative integration of continuous water capture and efficient environmental purification. When adding 10% ML, the moisture absorption rate increased by 2.28 times (2.48 g&#xa0;g-1). Monte Carlo simulation shows that the moisture absorption is mainly contributed by Cr3+, F, and -COOH in MIL-101(Cr). The antibacterial mechanism of CEC caused by the contact between water and PML is innovatively proposed. The doping of ML leads to the decrease of charge transfer barrier. Chemical reaction driven by charge transfer, OH, and &#xb7;O2 - are detected, and the antibacterial rate of PML reached 99.97%. By designing the sandwich structure and customizing the directional transmission of water to the electrode interface, the hydrogen production from air reached 149.63 L&#xa0;m2&#xa0;h-1, and the Faraday efficiency is close to 90%.

This study explored the preservation process of liquid nitrogen spray freezing (LNSF) technology for Sebastes schlegelii during freezing and frozen storage. The findings demonstrated that Sebastes schlegelii achieved optimal storage quality at -100&#xa0;&#xb0;C LNSF technology and -40&#xa0;&#xb0;C frozen storage conditions. The -100&#xa0;&#xb0;C LNSF group exhibited water holding capacity and water migration patterns closest to the control group, maintaining firm fish texture and myogenic fiber integrity by decresing ice crystal formation by 39.40&#xa0;%. Furthermore, it suppressed the synthesis of fishy odors and irritants substances, such as heptanal, nonanal and sulfur ethers. The -40&#xa0;&#xb0;C frozen storage maintained stable texture, significantly decreasing lipid oxidation and the degradation and aggregation of myofibrillar proteins (MP). This process also preserved protein spatial structure and muscle integrity while minimizing flavor changes. The results indicated that LNSF technology has significant potential to enhance the quality of Sebastes schlegelii.

Flat optics have attracted interest for decades due to their flexibility in manipulating optical wave properties, which allows the miniaturization of bulky optical assemblies into integrated planar components. Recent advances in achromatic flat lenses have shown promising applications in various fields. However, it is a significant challenge for achromatic flat lenses with a high numerical aperture to simultaneously achieve broad bandwidth and expand the aperture sizes. Here, we present the zone division multiplex of the meta-atoms on a stepwise phase dispersion compensation (SPDC) layer to address the above challenge. In principle, the aperture size can be freely enlarged by increasing the optical thickness difference between the central and marginal zones of the SPDC layer, without the limit of the achromatic bandwidth. The SPDC layer also serves as the substrate, making the device thinner. Two achromatic flat lenses of 500&#x2009;nm thickness with a bandwidth of 650-1000&#x2009;nm are experimentally achieved: one with a numerical aperture of 0.9 and a radius of 20.1&#x2009;&#xb5;m, and another with a numerical aperture of 0.7 and a radius of 30.0&#x2009;&#xb5;m. To the best of our knowledge, they are the broadband achromatic flat lenses with highest numerical apertures, the largest aperture sizes and thinnest thickness reported so far. Microscopic imaging with a 1.10&#x2009;&#xb5;m resolution has also been demonstrated by white light illumination, surpassing any previously reported resolution attained by achromatic metalenses and multi-level diffractive lenses. These unprecedented performances mark a substantial step toward practical applications of flat lenses.

This paper reports possible performance improvements of split-off band infrared detectors by using novel quantum materials. The report starts by describing the development of split-off band infrared detectors based on heterostructures with extended photoresponsivity beyond the energy band gap. The design modification demonstrated a new phenomenon of extending the threshold wavelength beyond the standard wavelength threshold (&#x3bb;t) determined by the energy gap (&#x394;) and the wavelength equation &#x3bb;t = 1.24/&#x394; with the dark current still governed by the original energy gap. However, to overcome the operating temperature challenges in AlGaAs/GaAs-based devices, the perspective of van der Waals quantum materials (vdW-QM)-based IR sensors is discussed regarding the aspects of heterostructure fabrication methods, theoretical modeling, and strategies that could help to overcome these issues. Through these discussions, the review paper aims to inspire upcoming innovations in developing novel IR photodetectors capable of operating within the atmospheric window at room temperature.