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The golden hamster, renowned for its representative PIWI-piRNA pathway profile among mammals, has emerged as a promising animal model for investigating female mammalian fertility. Prior research uncovered that the disruption of Piwil1 leads to complete infertility of female golden hamsters, with embryos derived from homozygous knockout (Piwil1-/-) females mated with wild-type males arresting at the two-cell stage. However, the underlying deep mechanisms remain unexplored. In the current study, we utilized highly sensitive single-cell mass spectrometry to generate proteome data of five developmental stages from oocytes to embryos in both wild-type (WT) and Piwil1-deficient golden hamsters, thus profiling the dynamic proteome landscape during oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET). Integrative analyses highlighted the temporal dynamics and complexity of hamster oocytes and embryos. Notably, we observed that classical maternal proteins in hamsters exhibit a more intricate pattern compared to mice, while PIWIL1 deficiency led to aberrant expression of proteins with diverse functions in oocytes and early embryos. Analysis of Multi-omics data indicated that PIWIL1 primarily regulates differentially expressed proteins at the post-translational level during OET. Specifically, the stability of TDRD1, essential for embryogenesis and gametogenesis, is modulated by PIWIL1, and could be its downstream target. Our study provides an extensive database that offers valuable insights into mammalian oocyte and early embryo development, and represents an invaluable resource for further mechanistic studies to deepen the understanding of developmental regulation.

Current rhinoplasty simulation relies on subjective landmark planning and compartmentalized parameter analysis, resulting in inconsistent designs. This study introduces a unified geometric framework to assist in the design of harmonious noses. To develop and provide proof-of-concept validation for a geometric framework that systematically determines optimal nasal landmark positions based on facial proportions, and to evaluate its aesthetic acceptability. This prospective study included 30 young Turkish women (aged 18-30 years) seeking primary rhinoplasty, evaluated by 20 board-certified plastic surgeons (17 included in Visual Analog Scales analysis after outlier exclusion) and the patients themselves. The Golden Triangle method employs a 36&#xb0;-apex isosceles triangle to determine key nasal landmarks within a cohesive geometric framework. Simulations were created using GeoGebra (which also calculated nasal ratios and angles) and Adobe Photoshop. Evaluators rated pre- and post-simulation images using Visual Analog Scales (0-100). Technical parameters were evaluated on 5-point Likert scale by surgeons. Patient VAS scores increased from 41.3 &#xb1; 10.1 to 81.9 &#xb1; 3.3 (p < .001; Cohen's d = 5.41), and surgeon ratings improved from 34.7 &#xb1; 6.3 to 72.6 &#xb1; 4.4 (p < .001; Cohen's d = 7.02). The coefficient of variation decreased by 66.2% for patients' and 53.7% for surgeons' ratings, indicating improved interrater agreement on simulation images. Technical parameters reached "ideal" consensus in 93-97% of cases. Nasal ratios and angles converged toward population-specific reference values with reduced variability. The Golden Triangle method provides a systematic approach to rhinoplasty simulation, significantly improving aesthetic ratings and interrater agreement using affordable software. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Transgenic animals play an essential role in many aspects of zebrafish research. Here, we have developed ImPaqT (Immunological Toolkit for PaqCI-based Golden Gate Assembly of Tol2 Transgenes), a new Tol2-based transgenesis system that utilizes Golden Gate assembly to facilitate the production of transgenic zebrafish lines. This system allows for rapid assembly of multiple fragments into a single transgene, facile swapping of individual sequences to generate new transgenes, and an easy cloning workflow to incorporate new genetic elements into the existing kit. Within this framework, we have generated reagents to enable gene expression within different cell types, an array of best-in-class fluorescent proteins to visualize cell populations and transgenes, as well as tools to simplify genetic manipulation, purification, and ablation of targeted cells. Unlike many recombination-based systems, our approach is also expandable, allowing the incorporation of complex designs such as multifragment promoters within the established modular framework of ImPaqT. We have demonstrated the function of our system by generating various transgenic immune reporter lines. While we focused on the immune system as an emerging area of study within zebrafish research, ImPaqT can be broadly adapted to the construction of almost any zebrafish transgene, offering new tools for the zebrafish community.

It is not easy to measure the amount of information within an object that is capable of leading to aesthetics-based feelings in a viewer, especially because of a subjective variability of human perception. Cybernetic aesthetics, for its part, might provide a rational way for understanding such a human phenomenon at least in special cases. Now, cyclic human movements - not only gait cycles, but also swimming strokes and tennis forehand strokes - were found, with their given internal sub-phases, to be characterized, from a temporal point of view, by the existence of coordinatively mechanized and self-similar harmonic fractal patterns. Such harmonic patterns were specifically found to be symmetrized in time so as to compose a generalized Fibonacci sequence and then implicitly dictated by the golden ratio, when it occurs as the ratio of the resulting sub-phases durations. The lowest amount of information for the movement temporal design (Shannon entropy minimization, SEM) makes one sub-phase duration of the movement temporally generate an entire sequence of sub-phase durations of the same movement. However, different spatial profiles can correspond to identical temporal partitions, suggesting the presence of an additional optimization principle that acts within the spatial domain. The original contribution of this paper consists of unveiling what is beyond the aforementioned temporal characterization, revealing the existence of a possible cyclic movement attractor, named golden faux sinus, which is based on a spatial smooth sewing of zero-jerk portions. This might suggest how the neuromuscular system organizes complex repetitive movements and how information processing is exploited into a sub-movement generation architecture. The resulting hidden patterns are the ones that might be caught by a viewer, who is able to concentrate separately on different categories of meaning. Experiments concerning young healthy walking subjects, as well as ATP-WTA top-level tennis players during some of the latest strongest moments of their career, illustrate the effectiveness of the presented derivations.

Rural areas in the United States have higher mortality rates than urban regions, particularly from emergency care-sensitive conditions. Air medical ambulances (medevacs) are critical to emergency care access in the rural U.S., but limited data hinder the ability to study this critical system. In Alaska, medevac services often represent the sole method for connecting Alaska Native patients in remote clinics to physician emergency medical care. This study characterizes medevac use and timing between tribally administered village clinics and hospitals in Northwest Alaska. Our objective in this study was to describe the use and timing of medevacs and investigate how medevac decision-making impacts medevac transport times. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of medevac transfers between 2020-2024 from 11 Alaskan village clinics within the Maniilaq Association, which serves ~8,000 people over 35,862 square miles.We included 1,579 medevacs representing 1,119 unique patients flying from remote clinics to a central critical access hospital hub.. Our primary outcome measure was the association between short medevac decision times (< 60 minutes), and short total medevac times (< 180 minutes). We measured "flight time," "decision time," and "ground time" (time spent waiting for an aircraft to become available) as key components of total medevac time. A total of 1,579 medevacs were deployed for predominantly Alaska Native (96.8%) patients, of whom 22.2% had traumatic injuries. Between 4.1-7.9% of community members in the region are transported by medevac each year. Median medevac time was 262 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 196-402 [101-4,142]) from activation call to arrival at the critical access hospital. No medevacs were < 100 minutes. "Ground time" was the longest phase of medevac encounters overall (median ground time 105 minutes (IQR 81-187]) vs median decision time 75 minutes (IQR 42-130) or median flight time 44 minutes (IQR 35-77). We found no association between short medevac decision times and short medevac response time (P = .93). Medevac decision-making was the longest phase in only 6% of the shortest total medevacs (< 190 minutes), but it was the longest phase in 40% of the longest total medevacs ( > 400 minutes). We found four key themes: 1) no medevacs were < 100 minutes. Independent of human or system factors,atients cannot be transferred from a village clinic to a critical access hospital within the "golden hour" of emergency care; 2) short medevac decision times were not significantly associated with short overall medevac times; 3) the longest phase in a medevac transfer was "ground time"; and 4) in the subset of the longest total medevacs, medevac decision-making was much more likely to be the longest phase than in the shortest total medevacs. This emergency transfer system is not responsive to patient condition and suggests that medevac decision support may help for a subset of encounters.

We aimed to study the role of income inequality in socioeconomic differences in bullying perpetration among adolescents in Europe/Canada by testing the "golden youth" hypothesis, which suggests that bullying perpetration may be more prevalent among affluent adolescents in countries with higher income inequality. This cross-sectional multilevel analysis included nationally representative samples of 117,238 adolescents aged 11-15 from 22 countries/regions in Europe/Canada participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey during 2017-2018. Multilevel logistic regression models were employed. On average, adolescents with a high socioeconomic position (SEP) showed 11% greater odds (P = 0.034) of bullying perpetration compared to their peers from middle-SEP families but 14% lower odds (P < 0.001) than adolescents from low-SEP families. However, as country income inequality (Gini index) increased, the likelihood of bullying perpetration among high-SEP adolescents significantly increased (P-interaction < 0.001) compared to their peers from low-SEP families. Model-based odds ratios comparing high-SEP with low-SEP adolescents were 0.58 at the lowest observed Gini value, 0.84 at the mean Gini value, and 1.19 at the highest observed Gini value. In this cross-sectional multilevel analysis of adolescents in Europe and Canada, country-level income inequality was associated with differences in the socioeconomic patterning of bullying perpetration. Within the observed range of Gini values, higher income inequality was associated with relatively higher odds of bullying perpetration among high-SEP adolescents compared with low-SEP adolescents. These findings suggest that broader socioeconomic context may be relevant for understanding bullying perpetration, but longitudinal and mechanism-focused studies are needed to clarify causal pathways.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic, progressive arterial disease characterized by the deposition of lipids on the inner arterial walls, leading to plaque formation and serious cardiovascular events. Traditional mouse models of atherosclerosis require prolonged dietary induction to exhibit arterial lesions due to significant differences in lipid metabolism compared to humans. In contrast, Golden hamsters share a lipid metabolic profile more closely aligned with humans. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to generate ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) hamsters using, which spontaneously developed atherosclerotic lesions in the arterial wall after 8 weeks on a standard chow diet. When fed on a high-cholesterol/high-fat diet, they exhibited even more severe aortic atherosclerosis, fatty liver, and liver fibrosis. Our findings demonstrated that the ApoE-/- hamster model is highly valuable tool for translational research, offering significant potential for studying hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in a context more relevant to human physiology.

Glioblastoma (GBM) as the most malicious primary brain tumor is infiltrative and often unresectable, which coupled with a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) lead to a poor prognosis for patients. Here, we developed a golden vesicular nanoadjuvant (Au/TLR3-V) comprising gold nanoclusters and TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), formulated within an injectable hydrogel (Au/TLR3-V@gel) for locoregional photothermal-immunotherapy of large orthotopic GBM. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, Au/TLR3-V generated a potent photothermal response that induced immunogenic cell death and promoted dendritic cell (DC) activation. In TME&#x2011;mimicking systems, Au/TLR3-V pre-treated GL261 cells activated DCs accompanied by the upregulation of T&#x2011;cell&#x2011;recruiting chemokines. In murine models of advanced orthotopic GBM, a single intratumoral injection of Au/TLR3-V@gel followed by a brief NIR irradiation orchestrated a two-stage therapeutic process: localized thermal ablation of the tumor bulk (physical reduction) and subsequent release of Au/TLR3-V to facilitate DCs' capture of tumor-derived antigens and subsequently amplify DC activation (biological sweeping). When combined with anti&#x2011;CTLA&#x2011;4 blockade, this therapy achieved an 33% complete cure rate and established potent systemic anti-GBM immunity. By transforming an unresectable and immunologically "cold" tumor into a locally confined immunogenic "hotspot" using a soft, brain-compliant depot, this work provides a promising locoregional approach for unresectable GBM. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The treatment of unresectable glioblastoma is limited by the lack of biomaterials that can simultaneously provide safe intracranial retention, local tumor ablation, and immune activation. This study presents a brain-mimetic injectable hydrogel incorporating a golden vesicular nanoadjuvant (Au/TLR3&#x2011;V@gel) for locoregional photothermal-immunotherapy. The hydrogel offers mechanical compliance with brain tissue and sustained retention, while the released nanoadjuvant amplifies dendritic cell activation in response to tumor antigens generated by photothermal ablation. By coupling local cytoreduction with immune remodeling and further combination with anti-CTLA-4 blockade, this platform achieves durable survival benefits in orthotopic glioblastoma. These findings establish a promising biomaterials-based strategy for intracranial immunotherapy of unresectable brain tumors.

Understanding how animals adjust their space use in changing environments is important for conservation, especially for species restricted to fragmented mountain habitats. We studied the home range of one wild group of golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Baihe National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China, using 10 years of monitoring data from 2014 to 2023. We estimated seasonal and annual home ranges, examined elevational use, reconstructed annual habitat suitability, and assessed which environmental variables were most closely associated with home-range size. The results revealed seasonal variation in home range, with the smallest ranges occurring during winter, and showed that space use was concentrated at mid-elevations, approximately 2300-2700 m. MaxEnt-predicted suitable-habitat area increased slightly over the decade, but this change mainly reflected core stability with peripheral reorganization. Predictor importance analyses suggested a temporal shift in the main determinants of habitat suitability, from topography and human disturbance toward hydrology. Machine-learning results indicated that home-range size was mainly associated with coniferous forest area, MaxEnt-derived suitable-habitat area, shaded-slope area, and other environmental predictors. Our results suggest that R. roxellana employs dynamic spatial-use strategies to adapt to the complexity of mountainous environments. These findings highlight that conservation efforts should shift from a focus on "area-based protection" to "function-based conservation," with priority given to maintaining stable high-suitability core areas, key coniferous forest patches, and topographic heterogeneity.

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Metabolic diseases represent a major threat to human health and are largely associated with excessive energy intake and insufficient energy expenditure. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer are closely associated with metabolic dysfunction. Extensive clinical studies and therapeutic strategies have been developed for the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Among these approaches, targeted regulation of cellular energy homeostasis has emerged as a widely recognized strategy, with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) identified as an important therapeutic target for metabolic disease intervention. With the growing development of sports medicine, exercise has become a preferred non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction-related diseases, with its beneficial effects largely mediated through AMPK activation. However, the mechanisms by which exercise modulates AMPK and its subtypes in different tissues and diseases remain incompletely understood. Therefore, this narrative review retrieved English-language literature published up to May 2026 from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. A search strategy was constructed using the terms "AMPK", "exercise", "obesity", "diabetes", "NAFLD/MASLD", "sarcopenia", and "Alzheimer's disease" and the corresponding tissues associated with these metabolic diseases. A comprehensive analysis was conducted focusing on AMPK and its subtypes. In this narrative review, we synthesize current research on how exercise modulates AMPK in different tissues and subtype-specific functions, summarizing and analyzing existing evidence that may provide a theoretical basis for subtype-targeted therapeutic strategies (including exercise therapy and pharmacological therapy) for metabolic dysfunction-related diseases.

Women Veterans are an increasingly larger percentage of U.S. and Canadian Veterans, 11%-15% of those who have served. They face many challenges, including poverty, military sexual trauma (MST), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and homelessness, and their trajectory into post-service difficulties is little researched and poorly understood. The authors conducted a large study of women Veterans from multiple service eras, well represented with respect to race and ethnicity, geographical region, branch of service, and so forth (N = 2,497). After identifying older Veterans with extensive years of service, they examine the influence of MST, PTSD, and their combination, as well as that of other variables, such as U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) eligibility and enrollment, on the risk for homelessness. Bivariate, trivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the prevalence of MST, PTSD, and homelessness by age categories. At least 20% of women Veterans with 20 years or more of service had experienced homelessness. The influence of MST and PTSD, alone or together, was prominent. The model correctly predicts identification of homelessness more than 70% of the time, with a Cox and Snell R2 of >0.2 or a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.3. The authors focus on the older sub-sample with extended years of service and contribute to the literature with data and commentary on aging women Veterans' lived experiences and responses to trauma. MST and PTSD are the most important predictors of homelessness. Policy and practice implications are discussed. Aging women Veterans with lengthy terms of service might be understood to be relatively free from the risk for homelessness; this research, however, shows that this group is also affected, although at a lower level than women Veterans in general. The authors were surprised to learn that at least 20% of those with 20 years of service or longer had experienced homelessness. Not much is known about the lives of older women Veterans in the United States or Canada, and the authors are hopeful that this research adds to what is known and can perhaps create some useful responses to important needs. Les v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes forment un pourcentage croissant des v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ran&#xb7;e&#xb7;s am&#xe9;ricain&#xb7;e&#xb7;s et canadien&#xb7;ne&#xb7;s, soit de 11 % &#xe0; 15 % des personnes qui ont servi au sein des Forces arm&#xe9;es. Elles affrontent plusieurs emb&#xfb;ches, y compris la pauvret&#xe9;, les traumatismes sexuels militaires (TSM), le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) et l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance, et leur trajectoire vers les emb&#xfb;ches apr&#xe8;s le service ont fait l&#x2019;objet de peu de recherches et sont mal comprises. Une vaste &#xe9;tude aupr&#xe8;s de v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes de multiples &#xe9;poques de service, dont la race, l&#x2019;ethnie, la r&#xe9;gion g&#xe9;ographique, le domaine de service, etc. (N = 2 497), sont bien repr&#xe9;sent&#xe9;s, a &#xe9;t&#xe9; r&#xe9;alis&#xe9;e. Apr&#xe8;s avoir form&#xe9; des sous-groupes pour extraire les v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes plus &#xe2;g&#xe9;es ayant de nombreuses ann&#xe9;es de service, l&#x2019;influence des TSM, du TSPT et de leur combinaison, de m&#xea;me que d&#x2019;autres variables comme l&#x2019;admissibilit&#xe9; et l&#x2019;inscription au minist&#xe8;re des Anciens combattants des &#xc9;tats-Unis, a &#xe9;t&#xe9; &#xe9;valu&#xe9;e par rapport au risque d&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance. La r&#xe9;gression logistique bivari&#xe9;e, trivari&#xe9;e et multivari&#xe9;e a &#xe9;t&#xe9; utilis&#xe9;e pour analyser la pr&#xe9;valence de TSM, de TPST et d&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance en fonction des cat&#xe9;gories d&#x2019;&#xe2;ge. Au moins 20 % des v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes ayant au moins 20 ann&#xe9;es de services ont v&#xe9;cu l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance. L&#x2019;influence des TSM et du TSPT, seuls ou combin&#xe9;s, &#xe9;tait importante. Le mod&#xe8;le pr&#xe9;disait correctement l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance dans plus de 70 % des cas, selon un coefficient de d&#xe9;termination (R2) de Cox et Snell sup&#xe9;rieur &#xe0; 0,2 ou un coefficient de d&#xe9;termination de Nagelkerke de 0,3. Le sous-groupe de v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes vieillissantes ayant de longues ann&#xe9;es de service qui &#xe9;tait le plus &#xe2;g&#xe9; de l&#x2019;&#xe9;chantillon a &#xe9;t&#xe9; retenu pour contribuer aux publications scientifiques par des donn&#xe9;es et un commentaire sur leurs exp&#xe9;riences v&#xe9;cues et leurs r&#xe9;ponses aux traumatismes. Les TSM et le TSPT sont les principaux pr&#xe9;dicteurs de l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance. Les r&#xe9;percussions sur les politiques et la pratique sont abord&#xe9;es. On pourrait croire que les v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes vieillissantes qui ont longtemps &#xe9;t&#xe9; en service risquent peu de vivre l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance. Cette &#xe9;tude r&#xe9;v&#xe8;le toutefois que ce groupe est &#xe9;galement touch&#xe9;, bien que dans une moindre mesure que les v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes en g&#xe9;n&#xe9;ral. Il a &#xe9;t&#xe9; surprenant de constater qu&#x2019;au moins 20 % des femmes qui cumulaient 20 ans de service ou plus avaient v&#xe9;cu l&#x2019;itin&#xe9;rance. On sait peu de choses sur la vie des v&#xe9;t&#xe9;ranes vieillissantes des &#xc9;tats-Unis et du Canada, et il est &#xe0; esp&#xe9;rer que ces r&#xe9;sultats s&#x2019;ajouteront aux connaissances et pourront apporter quelques r&#xe9;ponses utiles &#xe0; des besoins importants.

They worry attempt to shake up a "calcified system" could do more harm than good.