Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is powerful in creating high-quality 3D contents, yet controlling it to produce desired shapes is difficult and often requires extensive parameter tuning. Inverse Procedural Content Generation aims to automatically find the best parameters under the input condition. However, existing sampling-based and neural network-based methods still suffer from numerous sample iterations or limited controllability. In this work, we present DI-PCG, a novel and efficient method for Inverse PCG from general image conditions. At its core is a lightweight diffusion transformer model, where PCG parameters are directly treated as the denoising target and the observed images as conditions to control parameter generation. DI-PCG is efficient and effective. With only 7.6M network parameters and 30 GPU hours to train, it demonstrates superior performance in recovering parameters accurately, and generalizing well to in-the-wild images. Quantitative and qualitative experiment results validate the effectiveness of DI-PCG in inverse PCG and image-to-3D generation tasks. DI-PCG offers a promising approach for efficient inverse PCG and represents a valuable exploration step t
The purpose of this paper is to prove directly, by an elementary method, the Poisson probability law. This proof is offered as an alternative to the more usual derivation from binomial distribution in the limit of small probabilities. The same proof is then applied to the solution of a problem in statistical mechanics. --- Lo scopo di questo articolo è dimostrare direttamente, con un metodo elementare, la legge di probabilità di Poisson. Questa dimostrazione è proposta in alternativa alla più consueta derivazione dalla distribuzione binomiale nel limite delle piccole probabilità. La stessa dimostrazione viene quindi applicata alla soluzione di un problema di meccanica statistica.
At the INFN laboratory in Pisa I have prepared my dissertation, which essentially concerned Montecarlo simulation of subnuclear particles decays and investigation of low-noise electronic devices for analyzing high-frequency signals. The team-work was part of NA48/EPSI experiment jointly carried out with European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva. ----- Nell'ambito dell'esperimento NA48 in corso al CERN Super Proton Syncrothon (SPS) finalizzato a misurare la violazione diretta di CP in sistemi di particelle K0 attraverso il doppio rapporto R = [N(K_L->Pi0Pi0)]/[N(K_S->Pi0Pi0)] / [N(K_L->Pi+Pi-)]/[N(K_S->Pi+Pi-)] = 1 - 6 Re(e1/e) con una precisione di Re(e1/e) superiore a 2 * 10^-4, il lavoro di tesi si propone di effettuare una simulazione per la rivelazione dei decadimenti neutri dei K0 ed una successiva analisi dei dati raffrontando l'evento fisico generato con metodo Montecarlo e quello ricostruito. Per la misura di e1/e occorre isolare tra i vari modi di decadimento dei K quelli K_S->Pi0Pi0, K_S->Pi+Pi-, e quelli K_L->Pi0Pi0, K_L->Pi+Pi-.
This document summarises the current theoretical and experimental status of the di-Higgs boson production searches, and of the direct and indirect constraints on the Higgs boson self-coupling, with the wish to serve as a useful guide for the next years. The document discusses the theoretical status, including state-of-the-art predictions for di-Higgs cross sections, developments on the effective field theory approach, and studies on specific new physics scenarios that can show up in the di-Higgs final state. The status of di-Higgs searches and the direct and indirect constraints on the Higgs self-coupling at the LHC are presented, with an overview of the relevant experimental techniques, and covering all the variety of relevant signatures. Finally, the capabilities of future colliders in determining the Higgs self-coupling are addressed, comparing the projected precision that can be obtained in such facilities. The work has started as the proceedings of the Di-Higgs workshop at Colliders, held at Fermilab from the 4th to the 9th of September 2018, but it went beyond the topics discussed at that workshop and included further developments.
The inclusive cross sections for di-hadrons of charged pions and kaons ($e^+e^- \rightarrow hhX$) in electron-positron annihilation are reported. They are obtained as a function of the total fractional energy and invariant mass for any di-hadron combination in the same hemisphere as defined by the thrust event-shape variable and its axis. Since same-hemisphere di-hadrons can be assumed to originate predominantly from the same initial parton, di-hadron fragmentation functions are probed. These di-hadron fragmentation functions are needed as an unpolarized baseline in order to quantitatively understand related spin-dependent measurements in other processes and to apply them to the extraction of quark transversity distribution functions in the nucleon. The di-hadron cross sections are obtained from a $655\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ data sample collected at or near the $Υ(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+ e^-$ collider.
Contents: 1. Child Universes in the Laboratory (S. Ansoldi and E.I. Guendelman) 2. Relation between Finestructure Constants at the Planck Scale from Multiple Point Principle (D.L. Bennett, L.V. Laperashvili and H.B. Nielsen) 3. On the Origin of Families of Fermions and Their Mass Matrices -- Approximate Analyses of Properties of Four Families Within Approach Unifying Spins and Charges (M. Breskvar, D. Lukman and N.S. Mankoc Borstnik) 4. Cosmoparticle Physics: Cross-disciplinary Study of Physics Beyond the Standard Model (M.Yu. Khlopov) 5. Discussion Section on 4th Generation (M.Yu. Khlopov) 6. Involution Requirement on a Boundary Makes Massless Fermions Compactified on a Finite Flat Disk Mass Protected (N.S. Mankoc Borstnik and H.B. Nielsen) 7. How Can Group Theory be Generalized so Perhaps Providing Further Information About Our Universe? (R. Mirman) 8. FutureDependent Initial Conditions from Imaginary Part in Lagrangian (H.B. Nielsen and M. Ninomiya) 9. Coupling Self-tuning to Critical Lines From Highly Compact Extra Dimensions (K. Petrov)
This document contains lecture notes from the Ph.D. course given at Scuola Superiore Meridionale by Daniele Di Pietro in February 2025. The goal of the course is to provide an overview of polytopal methods, focusing on the Hybrid High-Order (HHO) method. As a starting point, we study the Crouzeix-Raviart method for a pure diffusion equation, with particular focus on its stability. We then show that, switching to a fully discrete point of view, it is possible to generalize it first to polyhedral meshes and then to arbitrary order, leading to a method that belongs to the HHO family. A study of the stability and consistency of this method reveals the need for a stabilization term, for which we identify two key properties.
La teoria di Lagrange per i moti secolari delle eccentricità ed inclinazioni delle orbite planetarie si fondava su un'approssimazione, dettata in larga misura dalla complessità dei calcoli necessari, che consisteva nel considerare solo equazioni lineari. In questa memoria riprendiamo in considerazione i metodi di Lagrange alla luce della teoria della stabilità esponenziale di Nekhoroshev. Grazie agli algoritmi sviluppati negli ultimi anni e alle tecniche di manipolazione algebrica possiamo tener conto anche dei contributi non lineari alle equazioni. Come applicazione cerchiamo di determinare i tempi di stabilità per il problema dei tre corpi nel caso del Sole e dei due pianeti maggiori, Giove e Saturno, mostrando che si possono ottenere risultati realistici, ancorché non ottimali. Lagrange's theory for the secular motion of perihelia and nodes of the planetary orbits was based on consideration of a linear approssimation of the dynamical equations, compatible with the complexity of the calculations. We extend Lagrange's investigations in the light of Nekhoroshev's theory of exponential stability. Using effective algorithms recently developed and computer algebra we investigate the n
We present a progress report on the kinematical analysis of the entire SPY (ESO SN Ia Progenitor surveY) sample of about one thousand white dwarfs and hot subdwarfs. In a previous study (Pauli et al. 2003, 2006) 398 DA white dwarfs have been analysed already. Here we extend the study to 634 DA white dwarfs. We discuss kinematic criteria for a distinction of thin disk, thick disk and halo populations. This is the largest homogeneous sample of white dwarfs for which accurate 3D space motions have been determined. They have been derived from radial velocities, spectroscopic distances and proper motions from catalogues. Galactic orbits and further kinematic parameters were computed. Our kinematic criteria for assigning population membership are deduced from a sample of F and G stars taken from the literature for which chemical criteria can be used to distinguish between thin disk, thick disk and halo members. The kinematic population classification scheme is based on the position in the $VU$-velocity diagram, the position in the eccentricity-JZ diagram and the Galactic orbit. We combine this with age estimates and find 12 halo and 37 thick disk members amongst our DA white dwarfs. We w
We scrutinise the evidences recently reported by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations for compatible 750 GeV resonances which appear in the di-photon channels of the two experiments in both the 8 TeV and 13 TeV datasets. Similar resonances in di-boson, di-lepton, di-jet and $t\bar t$ final states are instead not detected. After discussing the properties and the compatibility of the reported signals, we study the implications on the physics beyond the Standard Model with particular emphasis on possible scalar extensions of the theory such as singlet extensions and the two Higgs doublet models. We also analyse the significance of the new experimental indications within the frameworks of the minimal supersymmetric standard model and of technicolour models. Our results show that a simple effective singlet extension of the SM achieves phenomenological viability with a minimal number of free parameters. The minimal supersymmetric model and the two Higgs doublet model, on the other hand, cannot explain the 750 GeV di-photon excess. Compatibility with the observed signal requires the extension of the particle content of these models, for instance by heavy vector quarks in the case of the two H
We study the constraints implied by partial wave unitarity on new physics in the form of spin-zero di-boson resonances at LHC. We derive the scale where the effective description in terms of the SM supplemented by a single resonance is expected to break down depending on the resonance mass and signal cross-section. Likewise, we use unitarity arguments in order to set perturbativity bounds on renormalizable UV completions of the effective description. We finally discuss under which conditions scalar di-boson resonance signals can be accommodated within weakly-coupled models.
kStatistics is a package in R that serves as a unified framework for estimating univariate and multivariate cumulants as well as products of univariate and multivariate cumulants of a random sample, using unbiased estimators with minimum variance. The main computational machinery of kStatistics is an algorithm for computing multi-index partitions. The same algorithm underlies the general-purpose multivariate Faà di Bruno's formula, which has been therefore included in the last release of the package. This formula gives the coefficients of formal power series compositions as well as the partial derivatives of multivariable function compositions. One of the most significant applications of this formula is the possibility to generate many well-known polynomial families as special cases. So, in the package, there are special functions for generating very popular polynomial families, such as the Bell polynomials. However further families can be obtained, for suitable choices of the formal power series involved in the composition or when suitable symbolic strategies are employed. In both cases, we give examples on how to modify the R codes of the package to accomplish this task. Future d
The work presented in this Tesi di Laurea arises from a collaboration between the IPL (Image Processing Laboratory) of the Dipartimento di Elettrotecnica, Elettronica ed Informatica (DEEI) at the University of Trieste and the Instrumentation and Detector Laboratory belonging to the ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source of Trieste. Under the European Contract ERBFMGECT 980104 a project was active at ELETTRA with the objective to improve facilities for time resolved small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments within Europe. Partners of the project were, together with ELETTRA, other large scale facilities like the HASYLAB (Hamburger Synchrotron, Germany), the CCLRC (Daresbury Laboratory, UK), the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France) and the University of Siegen (Germany). In particular the latest half of the time spent working on this project was based in the Arbeitsgruppe Detektorphysik und Elektronik belonging to the Faculty of Physics at the University of Siegen.
The standard cosmological model predicts the existence of a cosmic neutrino background with a present density of about 110 cm^{-3} per flavour, which affects big-bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background anisotropies, and the evolution of large scale structures. We report on a precision calculation of the cosmic neutrino background properties including the modification introduced by neutrino oscillations. The role of a possible neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry and the impact of non-standard neutrino-electron interactions on the relic neutrinos are also briefly discussed.
This paper uses firm-level data recorded in the AMADEUS database to investigate the distribution of labour productivity in different European countries. We find that the upper tail of the empirical productivity distributions follows a decaying power-law, whose exponent $α$ is obtained by a semi-parametric estimation technique recently developed by Clementi et al. (2006). The emergence of "fat tails" in productivity distribution has already been detected in Di Matteo et al. (2005) and explained by means of a model of social network. Here we show that this model is tested on a broader sample of countries having different patterns of social network structure. These different social attitudes, measured using a social capital indicator, reflect in the power-law exponent estimates, verifying in this way the existence of linkages among firms' productivity performance and social network.
We present an extraction of azimuthal correlations between two pairs of charged pions detected in opposite jets from electron-positron annihilation. These correlations may arise from the dependence of the di-pion fragmentation on the polarization of the parent quark in the process $e^+e^- \rightarrow q \bar{q}$. Due to the correlation of the quark polarizations, the cross-section of di-pion pair production, in which the pion pairs are detected in opposite jets in a dijet event, exhibits a modulation in the azimuthal angles of the planes containing the hadron pairs with respect to the production plane. The measurement of this modulation allows access to combinations of fragmentation functions that are sensitive to the quark's transverse polarization and helicity. Within our uncertainties we do not observe a significant signal from the previously unmeasured helicity dependent fragmentation function $G_1^\perp$. This measurement uses a dataset of 938~fb$^{-1}$ collected by the Belle experiment at or near $\sqrt{s}\approx10.58$ GeV.
In order to successfully describe DIS data, one must take heavy quark mass effects into account. This is often achieved using so called variable flavour number schemes, in which a parton distribution for the heavy quark species is defined above a suitable matching scale. At small x, one must also potentially include high energy corrections to this framework arising from the BFKL equation. We outline the definition of a variable flavour scheme which allows such corrections to be consistently implemented alongside a fixed order QCD expansion. Results of a global fit using this scheme are presented. We also discuss an extension of the resummation to NLL order.
This writeup summarizes the status of neutrino oscillations, including recent fluxes and experimental data, as of summer 2006. A discussion is given on the current status of absolute scale of neutrino mass from tritium, neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmological observations, as well as the prospects for the next generation of experiments, including lepton flavor violation searches, and their theoretical significance.
RS Ophiuchi is one of the well-observed recurrent novae and also a candidate progenitor of Type Ia supernovae. Its sixth recorded outburst was discovered on 12 February 2006. Detection of a supersoft X-ray phase will provide a firm confirmation of hydrogen shell-burning on the white dwarf and its turn-on/turn-off dates strongly constrain a mass range of the white dwarf, which clarify whether or not RS Oph becomes a Type Ia supernova. For a timely detection of its supersoft X-ray phase, we have calculated outburst evolution of RS Oph based on the optically thick wind theory and predicted a supersoft X-ray phase for the 2006 outburst: it will most probably start on day 80-90 and continue until day 110-120 after the optical maximum. Its duration is so short as only a month or so. We strongly recommend multiple observations during April, May, and June of 2006 to detect turn-on and turn-off times of the supersoft X-ray phase.
Scientists discovered that rice behaves in a highly unusual way: it weakens under rapid compression but stays stronger when pressure is applied slowly。 Using this effect, they engineered a new material that reacts differently to gentle movements and sudden impacts。 The material can adapt its stiffness automatically, opening the door to safer soft r