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Geography has an important role to play in shaping the direction of medical research. In particular, its tools and theory provide essential understanding to the impacts of place on health behaviors and outcomes. Understanding some of its evolution-particularly into the subfield of medical geography-is therefore useful both for geographers and medical researchers. In this paper, we present some of the debates that geographers have grappled with, the growth of GIS (particularly in the context of medical research), some important methodological considerations that geographers help center, and some recommendations for future work at this nexus. Throughout, we speak from the perspective of geographers who have worked nearly exclusively in the health sciences since obtaining our PhDs.
Nature-based solutions (NbS) scholarship is overshooting its most basic purpose-the implementation of NbS projects. Investment in high-level design is outpacing the practical realities of implementation. While expert-driven approaches are useful for project prioritization at landscape scales, all NbS projects are implemented in real places, inhabited by human and non-human lives. Projects span multiple properties, impact resident livelihoods, and affect and are affected by local and regional ecological dynamics. In the excitement of novel technical top-down NbS designs, equal attention is needed for ground-up social-ecological contexts of locales. Using geographers' conceptual distinction between space and place, we outline a place-based inquiry useful for assessing site-level ecological and social feasibility to advance implementation. We identify implementation barriers, routes for top-down and bottom-up integration and call for case studies detailing implementation challenges and remedies. Integrating remote-spatial and place-based data enables contextualizing design-saving time and money and consequently increasing successful implementation.
Early childhood malnutrition is a serious public health issue in India, contributing to stunting, wasting, and underweight among children under 5 years. The study aims to explore the factors influencing these conditions and highlight the region most affected. This study uses secondary data collected from National Family Health Survey 2019-21. Multivariate logistic regression has been run to identify the risk factors associated with malnutrition conditions among children under age five including stunting, wasting, and underweight based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) measures. To explore the hot spot zone for stunting, wasting and underweight, cluster analysis has been done applying univariate local Moran's I. The study explores a significant proportion of children in India suffering from malnutrition, particularly stunting is more prevalent than of underweight and wasting. Out of 25 indicators, age, sex, birth size of child and the mother's body mass index and current employment status have been identified as key predictors of malnutrition status. The children aged 25 to 36 months are more likely to be stunted, wasted and underweight than the other age groups which is consistent with CIAF with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.92 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92-7.99, p < 0.01). A sex-based analysis shows females are less likely to be malnourished than male child which is also evident in CIAF (AOR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.55-0.80, p < 0.01). The children having normal or larger sized at birth are less likely to suffer from stunting, wasting and underweight and even in CIAF than the small size children at birth. The children of underweight mother are more likely to be malnourished than the children of mother having normal body mass index which is also reported in CIAF (AOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.05-1.72, p = 0.02). Additionally, economic status and geographical region significantly impact malnutrition with children with wealthier households faring better which is consistent in CIAF (AOR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.45-0.88 for richest). Univariate local indicators of spatial association cluster analysis reveals that the western, eastern, and central zones are particularly vulnerable to child malnutrition. Combating prevailing malnutrition in India requires collective responsibility and collaboration among policymakers, geographers, healthcare professionals, and communities.
Psychologists' public image has long reflected broader cultural and disciplinary shifts, yet little is known about how their personality stereotypes have changed over time. In this study, we conducted a large-scale analysis of over 16 million English-language books published between 1850 and 2019 to examine how psychologists have been described in terms of the Big Five personality traits. Frequency analysis revealed that conscientiousness was the most frequently mentioned trait across the corpus, followed by openness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism. The most common personality descriptors associated with psychologists included practical, introspective, analytical, philosophical, and rational. Notably, beginning in the 1960s, openness overtook conscientiousness as the most salient trait. Polarity analysis further showed that, across the entire time period, psychologists were portrayed as higher in openness and conscientiousness, and lower in agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism, compared with the general population. Finally, personality similarity analyses revealed that, during the 19th and early 20th centuries, psychologists' portrayals closely resembled those of natural scientists (e.g., geologists, astronomers, biologists). By contrast, by the late 20th and early 21st centuries, psychologists shared personality characteristics with both natural scientists (e.g., chemists, geographers) and humanistic-social scholars (e.g., sociologists, anthropologists, linguists). These findings demonstrate the utility of language-based approaches in capturing long-term changes in occupational stereotypes and contribute to a deeper understanding of psychology's shifting disciplinary identity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
This article presents a multi-temporal dataset of historical photographs and replicates from the Langtang Valley, located in the Central Himalaya of Nepal. The collection and collation of historical images from various archives and thematically focused repeat photography surveys enables detailed analysis of landscape, glacier and settlement changes. Characterized by harsh topography and glaciers at higher elevations, the high mountain landscape of Langtang Valley is also known as a prominent destination for mountain tourism. Based on historical landscape and settlement images, rephotographic surveys were conducted in the years 2008, 2012, 2017, 2018, and 2025. Hence, the dataset allows for comparative views before and after the massive 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, which heavily affected the Langtang Valley. The first part of the dataset (A) contains a set of ten examples of bi- and multi-temporal landscape photographs and allows to detect glacier changes, including debris cover, ice cliffs, and disconnection from headwalls. The second part (B) contains a set of twelve examples of bi- and multi-temporal photographs that focuses on structural and functional changes in the two main settlements Langtang village and Kyanjin Gompa, both affected by the 2015 mega-rupture. The imagery taken before and after the earthquake illustrate the rapid reconstruction activities and the massive transformation process, mainly driven by mountain tourism. The dataset can be used by glaciologists, climate scientists, geographers and planning experts in urban development and tourism. It supports a recently submitted article (Klaus et al. 2026, Before and after the 2015 Disaster: Development Trajectories in the Himalayan Riskscape of Langtang from 1949 to 2025, Progress in Disaster Science) with original archival material.
Cesarean delivery is one of the most common operations in the world, and a growing number of cesarean deliveries are performed in the United States each year. Despite the operation's relative safety, pain during cesarean delivery is common, ranging from 1.2% of births to more than a third of births depending on the institution, how pain during cesarean delivery is measured, and the type of analgesia used. The intensity of pain during a cesarean delivery varies as well, and evidence suggests that its frequency may be underreported. Yet, intraoperative pain poses serious risks for mothers' wellbeing, particularly because it can trigger childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, which, in turn, hurts mothers psychologically and physiologically and impairs their capacity to bond with their babies. Despite how common pain during cesarean delivery is and in spite of its consequences, there is a lack of widespread agreement on how to prevent or to treat intraoperative pain and few examples of patient-narrated experiences of it. In this Special Article, I sought to contribute my own experience with intraoperative pain during a cesarean delivery, the development of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, and the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for treatment. I also reviewed the evolution of the literature on pain during cesarean delivery from surrogate markers of pain to studies that focused on patients' reports of pain during cesarean delivery, a methodological shift that will expand the identification and treatment of intraoperative pain. I introduce geographer Nancy Hiemstra's notion of periscoping, a method used to identify problems or voices that may be hidden from view and propose that such methods, although useful, may miss capturing such subjective experiences as pain. I then propose that the recent focus on patient-reported pain is emblematic of a paradigm shift in maternal care to devote greater attention to women's pain. The implications of this paradigm shift might include not only addressing intraoperative pain but also present clinicians and researchers with an opportunity to focus on other common but similarly overlooked aspects of cesarean birth that may benefit from patient-centered inquiry and methodological approaches. These include the difficulties of postpartum recovery and the limitations that cesarean deliveries can place on family size. I close by highlighting the gap between cesarean delivery as a routine procedure and patients' experiences of it-an opportunity for clinicians to recognize and address, through prenatal and postpartum education, the short- and long-term major and minor consequences of cesarean birth.
Heat is an increasingly defining characteristic of life in diverse regions globally, contributing to more human mortality than any other climate-related weather. As a spatio-temporal phenomena that is at once physical and meteorological, as well as environmental, social, technical, cultural, embodied, and political, geographers have much to contribute towards understanding heat and its differential impacts. However, critical geographical research on heat is relatively disparate. This paper reviews existing perspectives encompassing inequalities and vulnerabilities; governance and violence; infrastructure and labor; cultures and practices; and atmospheres and attunements. We argue that critical (human) geography should foreground heat, and its complex materiality.
This contribution advances claims about 'geopsychiatry from below', attending to how 'voices' with lived experience of mental ill-health speak about 'the geo' or, more specifically, 'place and space'. To explore relevant interdisciplinary literature for academic research, scholarship and commentary containing voices of experience speaking about the geo. An 'indicative' and 'facilitative' review of relevant transdisciplinary literature in arts and humanities and social science, alongside an exploratory workshop where materials are analysed and relationships detected and, provisionally, mapped. The literature review discloses no coherent body of studies into the geo from below, but rather a fragmented amalgam of materials-field observations, primary quotes and occasional elaborations-that are rarely the direct focus of inquiry (except in some contributions by academic geographers). Combining the literature review and the workshop analysis, an outline series of prompts are developed for relating 'Kinds of Places', their associated 'Affective Qualities' and actual spaces and places on the ground. This study signals what a geopsychiatry from below might entail, providing important foundations for future transdisciplinary work on 'the geo' and mental (ill-)health.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a significant health crisis, leading to premature morbidity and mortality, that is largely preventable. A decade ago, the World Health Organization formally acknowledged the powerful role culture plays in health and well-being, a key factor in preventing CVD, prompting increased attention on how shared values, norms, symbols, ethics and life practices effect the decisions and behaviors of patients, populations and practitioners alike. Cultural contexts affect human behaviors and health outcomes, and the United States (U.S.) is divided between dominant regional cultures. The American Nations model, informed by the work of cultural geographers, historians, and anthropologists, provides an analytical framework for understanding regional cultural contexts within the U.S. This model has been used to demonstrate significant regional differences in health outcomes, wellbeing, lifestyle behaviors, lifespan, and social vulnerability, with communitarian cultures consistently outperforming individualistic cultures across a broad range of phenomena. This model has significant implications for how a nation approaches health and health care, shifting from the traditional, national level one-size-fits-all paradigm to one that considers distinct regional differences based on historical settlement patterns. In this context, the American Nations model can help improve the effectiveness of health interventions by supporting a better understanding of cultural differences and the dominant U.S. cultural landscapes.
Establishing climate services within health systems is increasingly recognized as essential for strengthening resilience in low- and middle-income countries, yet little is known about how such efforts gain legitimacy. This case study examines the early-stage establishment of climate services within Uganda's national health system through the DHIS2 digital health platform. Drawing on legitimacy theory and boundary object theory, we trace how actors mobilized pragmatic, moral, and emerging cognitive forms of legitimacy, and how the platform mediated these processes. We introduce the notion of digital health platforms as legitimacy infrastructure-socio-technical arrangements through which legitimacy is constructed, transferred, and normalized across institutional boundaries. The study identifies key legitimacy-building mechanisms, including co-creation practices that foster ownership, alignment with national policy priorities that secure institutional backing, and the use of trusted digital infrastructures that lower adoption barriers. By theorizing how platforms mediate cross-sectoral acceptance, the study contributes knowledge of why some innovations move from establishment toward institutionalization while others falter. For policymakers and implementers, this case-study underscores the importance of embedding co-creation, aligning innovations with national frameworks, and establishing cross-sector collaboration early in the establishment of climate services for health, particularly when anchored in existing health information infrastructures.
Growing concerns over water availability arise from the problems of population growth, rapid industrialization, and human interferences, necessitating accurate streamflow estimation at the river basin scale. It is extremely challenging to access stream flow data of a transboundary river at a spatio-temporal scale due to data unavailability caused by water conflicts for assessing the water availability.Primarily, this estimation is done using rainfall-runoff models. The present study addresses this challenge by applying the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) for hydrological modelling, utilizing high-resolution geospatial inputs. Hydrological modelling using remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) through this model is initiated to assess the water availability in the Ganga River basin at different locations. The outputs are calibrated and validated using the observed station data from Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC). To check the performance of the model, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), coefficient of determination (R2), and RSR efficacy measures are initiated in ten stations using the observed and simulated stream flow data. The R2 values of eight stations range from 0.82 to 0.93, reflecting the efficacy of the model in rainfall-runoff modelling. Moreover, the results obtained from this hydrological modelling can serve as valuable resources for water resource planners and geographers for future reference.
Which biosensing technologies are geographers using in their research, and what exactly do they measure? What are the theoretical origins of geographic interests in biosensing? This article provides an overview of the variety of biosensors applied in biosensing research, tracks the theoretical debates and roots of geographic engagement with biosensing, and discusses the potentials, limitations and ethical implications of applying biosensors. We critically reflect on the varied terminologies that have been used to describe a rapidly evolving array of biosensing technologies and methodologies and suggest a common understanding for key terms such as "biosensing" (technologies or methodologies), "biosensors," "wearable biosensors" and "biosignals." We offer an overview of the broader theoretical debates that have inspired geographers turn to biosensing, including behavioral geography, more-than-representational theory, critical neurogeography, the mobilities and biosociality paradigms, and visual geographies. These have called for methodologies that can capture affects neglected in representational research, follow people, things and technologies as they are mobile in space and time, investigate the links between brain, cognition and biopolitics or attend to visualities in everyday life. Although geographers have so far engaged with a limited number of the ever-growing variety of available (bio-)sensors, the development and application of biosensing methodologies is vibrant, highly diverse and very promising for diverse geographical research questions and fields. Going forward, we particularly encourage experimentation with eye-trackers, which come closest to measuring instantaneous responses to environmental stimuli and offer interesting opportunities for the analysis of social and material environments through the visual data they create. Finally, we conclude with a call for a stronger emphasis on data ethics, procedural ethics and ethics of care in biosensing, which have so far received too little attention in these often interdisciplinary and complex biosensing research endeavors.
Almost universally, people living in rural and remote places die younger, poorer, and sicker than urban-dwelling citizens of the same country. Despite clear need, health services are commonly less available, and more costly and challenging to access, for rural and remote people. Rural geography is commonly cited as a reason for these disparities, that is, rural people are said to live in places too distant, too underpopulated, and too difficult to access. However, all these descriptions tacitly compare rural places with urban spaces. That is, rural places are perceived as too distant from cities, less populated than cities, and too difficult to access from cities. This relative framing situates urban geography as normal, and non-urban geography as abnormal and blames people who live outside of normalised urban spaces for their own disadvantage. It suggests rural people should expect less service, higher costs, and increased awkwardness in using healthcare services due to the 'abnormality' of living in rural spaces. The concept of spatial justice provides an alternative way of considering geography that we propose could effectively reframe understanding of and approaches to rural and remote health care to improve health outcomes. Spatial justice refers to the experience of justice relative to location and requires opportunities, including access to health care, to be distributed equally across geographic spaces as well as among people. To critical geographers, places are not static; humans both respond to geography and shape it based on decisions influenced by contemporary social ideologies. As a society we decide where we build housing, roads, and healthcare facilities, based on what and who we value. Rural health outcomes could therefore be conceived as resulting from social ideology regarding locational investment, social worth, and urbanormativity, rather than challenges of topography. In this critical narrative review, we apply geographical concepts to suggest how rural and remote geography may have been shaped by ideologies of capitalism and neoliberalism to result in spatial injustice. Our analysis suggests that, rather than rural geography being a neutral issue, society shaped geographies to limit health opportunities for people who live in rural and remote places. We suggest reframing to allow rural and remote geography to be conceived as a social factor able to be shaped, rather than as an insurmountable barrier to equity. We consider how application of French philosopher and geographer Lefebvre's tripartite model of conceived, perceived, and lived space could be used to examine and guide social policy to reshape rural and remote geography to increase health opportunities. This application of spatial justice to rural and remote health care suggests opportunities to reframe assumptions that rural and remote people should necessarily experience greater cost, inconvenience, and difficulty accessing health care due to geography. If social ideology shapes rural and remote geography to result in poor health then it could be reshaped accordingly for good health. Using critical geographical concepts may provide useful language and concepts to understand, advocate for, and change policy to increase spatial justice and, consequently, rural and remote health outcomes.
An asset is both a resource and property, in that it generates income streams with its sale price based on the capitalization of those revenues. Although an asset's income streams can be financially sliced up, aggregated, and speculated upon across highly diverse geographies, there still has to be something underpinning these financial operations. Something has to generate the income that a political economic actor can lay claim to through a property or other right, entailing a process of enclosure, rent extraction, property formation, and capitalization. Geographers and other social scientists are producing a growing literature illustrating the range of new (and old) asset classes created by capitalists in their search for revenue streams, for which we argue assetization is a necessary concept to focus on the moment of enclosure and rent extraction. It is a pressing task for human geographers to unpack the diverse and contingent 'asset geographies' entailed in this assetization process. As a middle range concept and empirical problematic, we argue that assetization is an important focal point for wider debates in human geography by focusing attention on the moment of enclosure, rent extraction, and material remaking of society which the making of a financial asset implies.
This article analyzes the operations involved in projects to combat hunger in Brazil through one of the main names in the fight against this problem: Josué de Castro. The doctor and geographer from Pernambuco was president of the FAO council, professor at different universities and federal deputy for Pernambuco. Its presence in various instances makes it a privileged actor for us to explore the social life of a public policy. In this analysis, we focus on the articulations surrounding the Social Security Food Service (Saps), the National Food Commission (CNA), the World Association to Fight Hunger (Ascofam) and the partnership with the International Child Relief Fund (Fisi). Through the analysis of his personal collection, which has more than 30 thousand documents, and the press of the period, it was possible to observe that, despite the formulations and public image of the policies presenting a character as technical and impersonal, the operations involved in their implementations took place through personal ties and political networks formed by Josué de Castro. Furthermore, they faced challenges of different kinds, such as lack of funds, misuse of purpose or operational difficulties. The proposal is not to propose a duty or judge the effectiveness of such projects, but to understand how, in fact, they happened. O artigo analisa as operações envolvidas nos projetos de combate à fome no Brasil por meio de um dos principais nomes na luta contra esse problema: Josué de Castro. O médico e geógrafo pernambucano foi presidente do conselho da FAO, professor em diferentes universidades e deputado federal por Pernambuco. Seu trânsito em diversas instâncias faz com que seja um ator privilegiado para que possamos percorrer a vida social de uma política pública. Nesta análise, nos centramos nas articulações em torno do Serviço de Alimentação da Previdência Social (Saps), da Comissão Nacional de Alimentação (CNA), da Associação Mundial de Luta contra a Fome (Ascofam) e da parceria com o Fundo Internacional de Socorro à Infância (Fisi). Através da análise de seu acervo pessoal, que tem mais de 30 mil documentos, e da imprensa do período, foi possível observar que, apesar de as formulações e a imagem pública das políticas apresentarem um caráter técnico e impessoal, as operações em suas implementações aconteciam através de vínculos pessoais e das redes políticas de Josué de Castro. Além disso, enfrentavam desafios de diferentes ordens, como falta de verbas, desvio de finalidade ou dificuldades operacionais. A proposta não é apontar um dever ser, mas entender como de fato aconteciam. Este artículo analiza las acciones involucradas en los proyectos de combate al hambre en Brasil mediante uno de los principales nombres en la lucha contra esta problemática: Josué de Castro. El médico y geógrafo pernambucano fue presidente de la dirección de la FAO, profesor de diferentes universidades y diputado federal por Pernambuco. Su presencia en diferentes instancias lo convierte en un actor privilegiado para explorar la vida social de una política pública. En este análisis, nos centramos en las articulaciones en torno al Servicio de Alimentación de la Seguridad Social (SAPS), la Comisión Nacional de Alimentación (CNA), la Asociación Mundial de Lucha contra el Hambre (ASCOFAM) y la alianza con el Fondo Internacional de Ayuda a la Infancia (FISI). Mediante el análisis de su acervo personal, que cuenta con más de 30 mil documentos, y de la prensa del período, fue posible observar que, a pesar de que las formulaciones y la imagen pública de las políticas presentaran un carácter técnico e impersonal, las operaciones en su implementación se dieron por medio de los vínculos personales y las redes políticas de Josué de Castro. Además, se enfrentaron a desafíos de diferente índole, como falta de fondos, mal uso o dificultades operativas. La propuesta no es señalar lo que debería ser, sino entender cómo, de hecho, sucedieron.
In a classic example of adaptation, harmless Batesian mimics gain protection from predators through resemblance to one or more unpalatable models1,2. Mimics vary greatly in accuracy, and explaining the persistence of inaccurate mimics is an ongoing challenge for evolutionary biologists3,4. Empirical testing of existing hypotheses is constrained by the difficulty of assessing the fitness of phenotypes absent among extant species, leaving large parts of the adaptive landscape unexplored5-a problem affecting the study of the evolution of most complex traits. Here, to address this, we created mimetic phenotypes that occupy hypothetical areas of trait space by morphing between 3D images of real insects (flies and wasps), and tested the responses of real predators to high-resolution, full-colour 3D-printed reproductions of these phenotypes. We found that birds have an excellent ability to learn to discriminate among insects on the basis of subtle differences in appearance, but this ability is weaker for pattern and shape than for colour and size traits. We found that mimics gained no special protection from intermediate resemblance to multiple model phenotypes. However, discrimination ability was lower in some invertebrate predators (especially crab spiders and mantises), highlighting that the predator community is key to explaining the apparent inaccuracy of many mimics.
Human geography and bioethics both take pride in their interdisciplinary approaches. Relatively little cross-pollination has occurred between human geography and bioethics. This paper takes three cases to highlight the generative potentials of both disciplines, dedicating time and space to learning from each other. Through doing so, we highlight these potentials by focusing on how navigating public spaces subverts the expected uses of particular spaces. We demonstrate that these are entangled with questions of responsibility that both geographers and bioethicists might find helpful. Human geographers and bioethicists can, and should, look for non-naïve ways to care for space, and we hope for this paper to be an example of where to start in the collaborative future of our disciplines.
This paper draws connections and parallels between the promoted objective of Burroughs Wellcome & Co.'s Tabloid medicine chests and the capitalist and scientific ideals related to modernising the Amazon, which were advanced by the physician and geographer Alexander Hamilton Rice. Using an object-biographical approach, I explore the context of the promotional discourse surrounding the Tabloid chests and detail the contents of the medicine chest Rice carried throughout his 1919-1920 expedition, considering the pathological imaging fostered by the company and its customer. The relationships between this marketing discourse and Rice's search for scientific recognition and publicity as a quintessential explorer are also analysed. Este artigo estabelece conexões e paralelos entre o objetivo promovido pelas caixas de remédios Tabloid da Burroughs Wellcome & Co. e os ideais capitalistas e científicos relacionados à modernização da Amazônia, defendidos pelo médico e geógrafo Alexander Hamilton Rice. Utilizando uma abordagem biográfica de objeto, exploro o contexto do discurso promocional em torno das caixas Tabloid e detalho o conteúdo da caixa de remédios que Rice carregou durante sua expedição de 1919-1920, considerando a imagem patológica promovida pela empresa e seu cliente. As relações entre esse discurso de marketing e a busca de Rice por reconhecimento científico e publicidade como explorador por excelência também são analisadas.
Puya raimondii Harms is a charismatic species discovered in the Cordillera Blanca (now Huascarán National Park, Peru) in 1867 by the great Italian-born Peruvian geographer and naturalist Antonio Raimondi. The importance of this plant is due to its imposing size, the rare and extreme ecosystem that depends on it, and the fact that it is linked to the name Antonio Raimondi. Four studies on its genetic diversity revealed a range of patterns, with a fixation index of 0.740 as weighted mean and gene flow as low as 0.02-0.03. In fact, the vast majority of the total genetic variation was documented between populations, with very low genetic variation found within populations (weighted mean genetic diversity as low as Hs = 0.072 and mean genetic similarity very high, ranging from 96% up to 99%). We hypothesize that the narrow genetic base of P. raimondii populations may be due to a combination of factors: (i) an inbreeding-based reproductive strategy (i.e., mating between individuals related by common ancestry), which leads to homozygosity and genomic uniformity; (ii) strong environmental selective pressure (e.g., day-night temperature excursion, long dry period, etc.), which favors only the highest fitness individual genotypes; and (iii) a long life cycle, which hampers recombination events and reduces genetic diversity. Overall, these factors suggest that P. raimondii is a genetically fragile, fragmented, and endangered species.
India is famous for her badlands. These vast, intensely degraded landscapes occur extensively across Central and Western India, wherein they have had several adverse effects on both environment and society. However, accurate information on their current spatial extents, as well as the spatial distribution and severity of gully erosion elsewhere in the country was hitherto lacking. Considering that India has planned to effectively halt land degradation by 2030 in line with the agenda of the United Nations, and as precise spatial data is indispensable in planning and implementing land management interventions, we have created an exhaustive spatial inventory of gully erosion features in India by recording their location, extents and current management status from high-resolution satellite imagery available on Google Earth Pro. Through this first of its kind mapping endeavour and attendant spatial analysis, we have recorded the presence of gully landforms in 19 of India's 28 states and the National Capital Region of Delhi and have estimated the total gullied area in the country between 7,451 and 8,157 km2. According to our results, states occupying 38% of Indian territory (viz., Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh) are affected by 92% of the total gullied area of the country. We have noted a clear east-west divide in terms of the relative dominance of the mapped gully erosion features, with badlands being common in Western India and gully systems being the dominant gully feature in the east. A similar observation has interestingly also been made as regards gully management, with the major proportion of unmanaged gully erosion features occurring in Eastern India. Ultimately, we have identified 77 districts across India where urgent rehabilitative intervention is required, more than 70% of which are in Eastern and Southern India where unmanaged (active) gullies are common. That contemporary gully erosion in Eastern India poses a more serious land management challenge than that of the vast badlands of Central and Western India is a truly unexpected finding of our analysis. Our mapped data and analytical results shall be integral to efforts aiming to ameliorate the land degradation caused by gully erosion across India by supporting policymaking and planning at the governmental level and serving as useful guidance for land managers and practitioners on the ground.