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We prove that a homogeneous 0-dimensional complete intersection satisfies the Strong Lefschetz Property (SLP) in degree 1 if and only if its associated form has nonzero Hessian. This result is essentially known in the literature, but our proof differs from previous ones. We then investigate properties of the associated forms and show that they can always be reconstructed from their partial derivatives, in particular from their Jacobian ideals. As an application of our method, we prove that every smooth homogeneous polynomial which is not of Sebastiani-Thom type is uniquely determined by any nontrivial graded component of its Jacobian ideal.

For integers $k\geq 2$, we study two differential operators on harmonic weak Maass forms of weight $2-k$. The operator $ξ_{2-k}$ (resp. $D^{k-1}$) defines a map to the space of weight $k$ cusp forms (resp. weakly holomorphic modular forms). We leverage these operators to study coefficients of harmonic weak Maass forms. Although generic harmonic weak Maass forms are expected to have transcendental coefficients, we show that those forms which are "dual" under $ξ_{2-k}$ to newforms with vanishing Hecke eigenvalues (such as CM forms) have algebraic coefficients. Using regularized inner products, we also characterize the image of $D^{k-1}$.

Let $\mathbb K$ be a field of characteristic 0. Given $n$ linear forms in $R=\mathbb K[x_1,\ldots,x_k]$, with no two proportional, in one of our main results we show that the ideal $I\subset R$ generated by all $(n-2)$-fold products of these linear forms has linear graded free resolution. This result helps determining a complete set of generators of the symmetric ideal of $I$. Via Sylvester forms we can analyze from a different perspective the generators of the presentation ideal of the Orlik-Terao algebra of the second order; this is the algebra generated by the reciprocals of the products of any two (distinct) of the linear forms considered. We also show that when $k=2$, and when the collection of $n$ linear forms may contain proportional linear forms, for any $1\leq a\leq n$, the ideal generated by $a$-fold products of these linear forms has linear graded free resolution.

This introductory paper studies a class of real analytic functions on the upper half plane satisfying a certain modular transformation property. They are not eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and are quite distinct from Maass forms. These functions are modular equivariant versions of real and imaginary parts of iterated integrals of holomorphic modular forms, and are modular analogues of single-valued polylogarithms. The coefficients of these functions in a suitable power series expansion are periods. They are related both to mixed motives (iterated extensions of pure motives of classical modular forms), as well as the modular graph functions arising in genus one string perturbation theory. In an appendix, we use weakly holomorphic modular forms to write down modular primitives of cusp forms. Their coefficients involve the full period matrix (periods and quasi-periods) of cusp forms.

The continuous 1D defects of an isotropic homogeneous material in a flat 3D space are classified by the Volterra process construction method. We employ the same method to classify the continuous 2D defects of a vacuum in a 4D maximally symmetric spacetime. These so-called \textit{cosmic forms} fall into three classes: i)- $m$-forms, akin to 3D space disclinations, related to ordinary rotations, analogous to Kibble's global cosmic strings (except that being continuous any deficit angle is allowed); ii)- $t$-forms, related to Lorentz boosts (hyperbolic rotations); iii)- $r$-forms, never considered so far, related to null rotations. A detailed account of their metrics is presented. In each class, one distinguishes between wedge forms, whose singularities occupy a 2D world sheet, and twist or mixed forms, whose inner structure appears as a non-singular \textit{core} separated from the outer part by a 3D world shell with distributional curvature and/or torsion. Relaxation processes of the world shell involve new types of topological interactions between cosmic dislocations and cosmic disclinations. The resulting structures of the core region itself are not explored in this article. Wher

The aim of this paper is twofold. First of all, we confirm a few basic criteria of the finiteness of real forms of a given smooth complex projective variety, in terms of the Galois cohomology set of the discrete part of the automorphism group, the cone conjecture and the topological entropy. We then apply them to show that a smooth complex projective surface has at most finitely many non-isomorphic real forms unless it is either rational or a non-minimal surface birational to either a K3 surface or an Enriques surface. In the second part of the paper, we construct an Enriques surface whose blow-up at one point admits infinitely many non-isomorphic real forms. This answers a question of Kondo to us and also shows the three exceptional cases really occur.

We study left-invariant Killing $k$-forms on simply connected $2$-step nilpotent Lie groups endowed with a left-invariant Riemannian metric. For $k=2,3$, we show that every left-invariant Killing $k$-form is a sum of Killing forms on the factors of the de Rham decomposition. Moreover, on each irreducible factor, non-zero Killing $2$-forms define (after some modification) a bi-invariant orthogonal complex structure and non-zero Killing $3$-forms arise only if the Riemannian Lie group is naturally reductive when viewed as a homogeneous space under the action of its isometry group. In both cases, $k=2$ or $k=3$, we show that the space of Killing $k$-forms of an irreducible Riemannian 2-step nilpotent Lie group is at most one-dimensional.

We use the exterior product of double forms to reformulate celebrated classical results of linear algebra about matrices and bilinear forms namely the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Laplace expansion of the determinant, Newton identities and Jacobi's formula for the determinant. This new formalism is then used to naturally generalize the previous results to higher multilinear forms namely to double forms. In particular, we show that the Cayley-Hamilton theorem once applied to the second fundamental form of a hypersurface of the Euclidean space is equivalent to a linearized version of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, and once its generalization is applied to the Riemann curvature tensor (seen as a $(2,2)$ double form) is an infinitisimal version of the general Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem. In addition to that, the general Cayley-Hamilton theorems generate several universal curvature identities. The generalization of the classical Laplace expansion of the determinant to double forms is shown to lead to new general Avez type formulas for all Gauss-Bonnet curvatures.

Tangent categories provide an axiomatic framework for understanding various tangent bundles and differential operations that occur in differential geometry, algebraic geometry, abstract homotopy theory, and computer science. Previous work has shown that one can formulate and prove a wide variety of definitions and results from differential geometry in an arbitrary tangent category, including generalizations of vector fields and their Lie bracket, vector bundles, and connections. In this paper we investigate differential and sector forms in tangent categories. We show that sector forms in any tangent category have a rich structure: they form a symmetric cosimplicial object. This appears to be a new result in differential geometry, even for smooth manifolds. In the category of smooth manifolds, the resulting complex of sector forms has a subcomplex isomorphic to the de Rham complex of differential forms, which may be identified with alternating sector forms. Further, the symmetric cosimplicial structure on sector forms arises naturally through a new equational presentation of symmetric cosimplicial objects, which we develop herein.

Quaternionic modular forms on the split exceptional group $G_2 = G_2^s$ were defined by Gan-Gross-Savin. A remarkable property of these automorphic functions is that they have a robust notion of Fourier expansion and Fourier coefficients, similar to the classical holomorphic modular forms on Shimura varieties. In this paper we prove that in even weight $\ell$ at least $6$, there is a basis of the space of cuspidal modular forms of weight $\ell$ such that all the Fourier coefficients of elements of this basis are in the cyclotomic extension of $\mathbf{Q}$. Our main tool for proving this is to develop a notion of "exceptional theta functions" on $G_2$.

We propose a framework to give a precise meaning to the intuitive notion of "family of real forms of a variety parametrised by a variety" and study some fundamental properties of this notion. As an illustration, for any $n \geq 1$, we construct the first example of a quasi-projective real surface whose mutually non-isomorphic real forms admit a moduli of dimension at least $n$, parametrised by the real points of an affine $n$-space. Expanding on these constructions, we can give quasi-projective real varieties of any dimension whose algebraic moduli of the non-isomorphic real forms has arbitrarily positive dimension.

Sander Zwegers showed that Ramanujan's mock theta functions are $q$-hypergeometric series, whose $q$-expansion coefficients are half of the Fourier coefficients of a non-holomorphic modular form. George Andrews, Henri Cohen, Freeman Dyson, and Dean Hickerson found a pair of $q$-hypergeometric series each of which contains half of the Fourier coefficients of Maass waveform of eigenvalue $1/4$. This series of papers shows that a $q$-series construction, called ``renormalization'', yields the other half of the Fourier coefficients from a series which contains half of them. This construction unifies examples associated with mock theta functions and examples associated with Maass waveforms. Thus confirming a conviction of Freeman Dyson. This construction is natural in the context of Don Zagier's quantum modular forms. Detailed discussion of the role quantum modular forms play in this construction is given. New examples associated to Maass waveforms are given in Part I. Part II contains new examples associated with mock theta functions, and classical modular forms. Part II contains an extensive survey of the ``renormalization'' construction. A large number of examples and open questions

A positive definite quadratic form is called perfect, if it is uniquely determined by its arithmetical minimum and the integral vectors attaining it. In this self-contained survey we explain how to enumerate perfect forms in $d$ variables up to arithmetical equivalence and scaling. We put an emphasis on practical issues concerning computer assisted enumerations. For the necessary theory of Voronoi we provide complete proofs based on Ryshkov polyhedra. This allows a very natural generalization to $T$-perfect forms, which are perfect with respect to a linear subspace $T$ in the space of quadratic forms. Important examples include Gaussian, Eisenstein and Hurwitz quaternionic perfect forms, for which we present new classification results in dimensions $8,10$ and 12.

In this paper, we consider integral and irreducible binary quartic forms whose Galois group is isomorphic to a subgroup of the dihedral group of order eight. We first show that the set of all such forms is a union of families indexed by integral binary quadratic forms $f(x,y)$ of non-zero discriminant. Then, we shall enumerate the $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$-equivalence classes of all such forms associated to a fixed $f(x,y)$.

Given a simple undirected graph, one can construct from it a $c$-step nilpotent Lie algebra for every $c \geq 2$ and over any field $K$, in particular also over the real and complex numbers. These Lie algebras form an important class of examples in geometry and algebra, and it is interesting to link their properties to the defining graph. In this paper, we classify the isomorphism classes of $K$-forms in these real and complex Lie algebras for any subfield $K \subset \mathbb{C}$ from the structure of the graph. As an application, we show that the number of rational forms up to isomorphism is always one or infinite, with the former being true if and only if the group of graph automorphisms is generated by transpositions.

In this paper we discuss metric theory associated with the affine (inhomogeneous) linear forms in the so called doubly metric settings within the classical and the mixed setups. We consider the system of affine forms given by $\qq\mapsto \qq X+\bfalpha$, where $\qq\in\Z^m$ (viewed as a row vector), $X$ is an $m\times n$ real matrix and $\bfalpha\in \R^n$. The classical setting refers to the ${\rm dist}(\qq X+\bfalpha, \Z^m)$ to measure the closeness of the integer values of the system $(X, \bfalpha)$ to integers. The absolute value setting is obtained by replacing ${\rm dist}(\qq X+\bfalpha, \Z^m)$ with ${\rm dist}(\qq X+\bfalpha, \0)$; and the more general mixed settings are obtained by replacing ${\rm dist}(\qq X+\bfalpha, \Z^m)$ with ${\rm dist}(\qq X+\bfalpha, Λ)$, where $Λ$ is a subgroup of $\Z^m$. We prove the Khintchine--Groshev and Jarník type theorems for the mixed affine forms and Jarník type theorem for the classical affine forms. We further prove that the sets of badly approximable affine forms, in both the classical and mixed settings, are hyperplane winning. The latter result, for the classical setting, answers a question raised by Kleinbock (1999).

Sander Zwegers showed that Ramanujan's mock theta functions are $q$-hypergeometric series, whose $q$-expansion coefficients are half of the Fourier coefficients of a non-holomorphic modular form. George Andrews, Henri Cohen, Freeman Dyson, and Dean Hickerson found a pair of $q$-hypergeometric series each of which contains half of the Fourier coefficients of Maass waveform of eigenvalue $1/4$. This series of papers shows that a $q$-series construction, called ``renormalization'', yields the other half of the Fourier coefficients from a series which contains half of them. This construction unifies examples associated with mock theta functions and examples associated with Maass waveforms. Thus confirming a conviction of Freeman Dyson. This construction is natural in the context of Don Zagier's quantum modular forms. Detailed discussion of the role quantum modular forms play in this construction is given. New examples associated to Maass waveforms are given in Part I. Part II contains new examples associated with mock theta functions, and classical modular forms. Part II contains an extensive survey of the ``renormalization'' construction. A large number of examples and open questions

We determine the Waring ranks of all sextic binary forms with complex coefficients using a Geometric Invariant Theory approach. Using the five basic invariants for sextic binary forms, our results give a rapid method to determine the Waring rank of any given sextic binary form. In particular, we shed new light on a claim by E. B. Elliott at the end of the 19th century concerning the binary sextics with Waring rank 3. We show that for binary forms of arbitrary degree the cactus rank, a.k.a. scheme rank, is determined by the corresponding Waring rank. Finally we determine the border ranks of all binary sextics.

In this talk we discuss a class of Feynman integrals, which can be expressed to all orders in the dimensional regularisation parameter as iterated integrals of modular forms. We review the mathematical prerequisites related to elliptic curves and modular forms. Feynman integrals, which evaluate to iterated integrals of modular forms go beyond the class of multiple polylogarithms. Nevertheless, we may bring for all examples considered the associated system of differential equations by a non-algebraic transformation to an $\varepsilon$-form, which makes a solution in terms of iterated integrals immediate.