Sensitive memory paradigms may allow the detection of subtle memory changes associated with early Alzheimer's pathology in individuals without established clinical symptomatology. We explored the cross-sectional association between performance on Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) Favorites, a brief computerized memory test, with cerebrospinal fluid AT status (A for amyloid-β and T for phosphorylated tau) and its discriminative validity in 727 clinically asymptomatic participants from the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (EPAD) Longitudinal Cohort Study. Episodic memory was also evaluated with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Delayed Memory Index (RBANS-MI). Compared to A-T- individuals, poorer TabCAT Favorites Total Correct (Favorites-TC) cross-sectional performance was associated with an increased likelihood of A+T+ status, but not A+T- status. There were no significant associations between AT status and RBANS-MI. Among individuals with low Favorites-TC performance, AT status predicted progression on the Clinical Dementia Rating > 0. Favorites-TC is a sensitive measure for the early detection of cognitive changes in the early stages of the AD continuum. We explored Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool (TabCAT) Favorites scores and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AT status (A for amyloid-β and T for phosphorylated tau) in asymptomatic individuals. Poorer Favorites performance linked to higher A+T+ likelihood. TabCAT Favorites is a sensitive tool for detecting early cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Most often, when their favorite team loses, sports fans are disappointed by the outcome and hostile to the winning team. However, in the tournaments, they also sometimes voice their support for the team that eliminated their favorite. The present study investigates these phenomena and proposes that fans supporting the team that eliminated the favorite in the tournament is a coping strategy. It is used to help fans mitigate the identity threat when direct competition between the team becomes unavailable. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychological mechanisms underlying fans' support for the team that defeated the favorite, from the perspectives of social identification and feelings-as-information theories. The questionnaire was distributed via an online panel company to Japanese professional baseball fans. The items included team identification, collective self-esteem, and negative emotions. The team's loss was manipulated using the scenario. PLS-SEM analysis was conducted in the R software. The relationship between team identification, self-esteem, and supporting the team that won was significant; however, there was no support for the proposition that supporting the team that won acts as a coping strategy. The path from team identification to self-esteem was positive, indicating that higher identified fans had higher self-esteem even after the team lost. Furthermore, the path between self-esteem and supporting the team that won was also positive. Perhaps fans extended their support to promote their division. Contrary to expectations, the negative emotions did not mediate the relationship between team identification and self-esteem.
Badminton is a popular recreational and competitive sport in Southeast Asia but carries a considerable risk of ocular injury due to high-velocity shuttlecock and racket impacts, as well as spectacle fragmentation. This series reported seven cases of badminton-related ocular trauma. Seven players in this series were predominantly young adults, with men representing the majority of cases. Injuries resulted primarily from shuttlecock strikes, while one patient sustained a penetrating wound from shattered spectacles. Clinical presentations ranged from subconjunctival hemorrhage, traumatic uveitis, traumatic hyphema, and commotio retinae to open-globe injury with corneoscleral laceration. Most cases were managed medically with topical therapy, while surgical intervention was required only for the open-globe injury. Visual outcomes correlated with injury severity, with penetrating trauma resulting in a poorer prognosis. This series highlights badminton playing as a significant source of potentially preventable ocular morbidity and emphasizes the importance of protective eyewear, particularly among spectacle users and young players. Increased awareness and enforcement of eye protection standards may reduce the risk of visual impairment associated with this widely played sport.
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Cerebral aneurysm is a common cerebrovascular disease with a poor prognosis after rupture. This highlights the critical importance of early detection and risk factor management. Douyin has become an important channel for disseminating medical information, but the quality of video content on such platforms remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the content, quality, and reliability of short videos related to cerebral aneurysm on Douyin. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 100 short videos related to cerebral aneurysm on Douyin (the Chinese version of TikTok). Video characteristics, content, uploader type, and interaction data (likes, comments, favorites, and shares) were extracted. Video quality and reliability were assessed using the Global Quality Score (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tools. Videos were classified by content and emotional tone, and engagement metrics and quality scores were compared across different categories. Correlation analysis was performed between video metrics and quality scores. Videos were generally short (median: 77 s), but user engagement was high. Most videos were uploaded by cerebrovascular specialists. Educational videos scored better on GQS than case-sharing videos, but no significant difference was found in mDISCERN scores. Regarding interaction data, case-sharing videos had significantly more favorites than educational videos, but no differences were observed in other engagement metrics. Videos were further categorized by emotional tone (positive, negative, neutral), and no differences were found in quality scores or engagement metrics across these categories. Meanwhile, positive correlations were observed among engagement metrics (likes, favorites, comments, and shares). Douyin videos related to cerebral aneurysm show high engagement but slightly insufficient reliability in content. Improving video quality is essential to enhance the educational value of health information shared on the Douyin platform.
An unwritten expectation in our everyday social interactions is that intimate personal information about someone-"insider knowledge"-is usually confined within close relationships. For example, it would be odd, or even unsettling, if a stranger knew about your favorite movie. Such expectations about who knows what about whom constitute a cornerstone of complex social behavior, but much remains unknown about their cognitive underpinnings and developmental origins. Drawing on parental report (Study 1) as well as a novel experimental approach using controlled but naturalistic videochat conversations (Study 2 & 3), we find that 4- to 5-y-old children have an abstract, theory-like understanding of how social connections give rise to interpersonal knowledge. Self-report, facial expressions, and memory errors provide converging evidence that children were surprised when someone possessed insider knowledge that is misaligned with their relationships, such as a stranger knowing their favorite food (Study 2a) or their own parent knowing a stranger's favorite movie (Study 2b). Children also generated coherent ad-hoc explanations about how someone might have acquired that knowledge, appealing to either first-hand observations or second-hand sources (Study 3). These findings demonstrate an early-emerging understanding of how individual minds are shaped in the context of their social networks, supporting a precocious ability to detect and explain anomalies in what people know about each other in real-time conversations. The current work also opens possibilities for leveraging open-ended online interactions to study social cognition without compromising experimental control.
Accurate screening for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in children and adolescents remains a challenge in routine clinical settings. This study evaluated the psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Inclusion of Videogame in the Self (IVS) scale, a brief pictorial tool assessing the perceived fusion between self and video game. A clinical sample of 189 children and adolescents (M = 13.0 years, SD = 3.2) completed the IVS, IGD, and Social Media Disorder (SMD) measures. While the five-item scale showed a solid factor structure and reliability, diagnostic accuracy was limited. A single item assessing the "relationship" with the favorite game emerged as a strong screening proxy, correlating with IGD and minimally with SMD. A cutoff score of 3 or higher yielded 100% sensitivity and a 45% false-positive rate. The Single-Item IVS shows promise as a quick, developmentally appropriate screening tool to identify youth at risk for IGD, warranting further validation in broader samples. More generally, the IVS represents the first attempt to conceptualize inclusion of self with an object or activity (i.e., favorite game) rather than with a group or another person.
The rapid expansion of short-form educational video platforms has substantially increased public access to health information; however, the characteristics and quality of videos concerning patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) have not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of short-form videos related to PDA posted on TikTok and Bilibili. The Chinese keyword "patent ductus arteriosus" was used to retrieve relevant videos from TikTok and Bilibili, yielding 140 videos for the final analysis. Uploaders were classified according to publicly available account information. Professional uploaders were defined as accounts identifying the uploader as a healthcare professional and displaying official platform verification and/or an explicit affiliation with a recognized medical institution. Credentials were verified using publicly visible profile elements, including verification badges, profile descriptions, professional titles, and stated institutional affiliations. All included videos were independently evaluated by two reviewers. Because paired reviewer-level ratings were available for the Global Quality Score (GQS), inter-rater reliability for GQS was assessed before consensus adjudication using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa. Video quality and reliability were assessed using five established instruments: the Global Quality Score (GQS), Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), the JAMA benchmark criteria, and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN). Only the first 100 algorithm-ranked videos from each platform were screened, in order to reflect the content most likely to be encountered by typical users, although this approach may preferentially capture videos favored by platform recommendation systems. No independent clinical subject-matter expert (such as a neonatologist or cardiologist) was separately involved in the formal scoring process; instead, the evaluation focused on quality, reliability, transparency, and understandability using established assessment instruments. Clinical accuracy was not independently assessed or adjudicated in this study. A total of 140 short videos related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were included in the analysis, with 57 from Bilibili and 83 from TikTok. TikTok videos demonstrated significantly higher audience engagement than those on Bilibili, with markedly greater numbers of likes, favorites, shares, and comments. Bilibili videos were slightly longer in duration, and there was no significant difference in posting time between the two platforms. Videos on TikTok also achieved significantly higher scores across all five quality assessment tools-mDISCERN, GQS, VIQI, PEMAT, and the JAMA benchmark-and most high-quality videos were uploaded by professional individuals. In the present study, these professional individuals were defined on the basis of publicly visible healthcare-related identity information and platform verification status. When stratified by uploader type, videos created by professionals consistently outperformed those from non-professional individuals and institutions in both quality scores and engagement metrics. Professional videos were predominantly found on TikTok. Correlation analyses indicated weak to moderate positive associations between most quality indicators and likes, favorites, and shares on both platforms, although the correlation coefficients remained low. Notably, the average JAMA benchmark score was approximately half of the maximum possible score on both platforms. Inter-rater reliability for GQS was acceptable, with a single-measure ICC of 0.632, an average-measure ICC of 0.774, and a quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa of 0.630. The overall quality of PDA-related health information on major Chinese short-video platforms appears to be moderate. TikTok and professional uploaders demonstrated clear advantages in reliability, comprehensibility, and communication effectiveness. Platform attributes and uploader background exert significant influence on video quality and dissemination performance. Future efforts should focus on strengthening platform oversight, encouraging greater involvement of qualified healthcare professionals, and standardizing the disclosure of information sources and conflicts of interest. Such measures are essential for improving the accuracy, quality, and trustworthiness of online cardiovascular health information and for better supporting parents of children with PDA and the general public. These findings should be interpreted as reflecting informational quality, structure, transparency, and understandability rather than independently verified clinical accuracy.
This study investigates how sentiments in depression self-disclosures by everyday users on Chinese social media influence audience engagement behaviors and discourse themes, specifically examining the role of cultural context and platform affordances in non-Western mental health communication. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzed 535 posts and 17,301 comments from Xiaohongshu (a prominent lifestyle-sharing platform in China). A fine-tuned BERT model quantified sentiment, while multilevel regression models assessed the impact of sentiment on likes, favorites, shares, and comments. Semantic network analysis was employed to map thematic structures within audience responses. Less positive sentiments significantly predicted higher engagement in likes and comments, indicating a community preference for authentic vulnerability over positivity. Sentiment did not predict favorites or shares, a finding attributed to cultural norms discouraging the publicization of "family ugliness". Notably, neutral posts generated higher engagement than positive ones, serving as safe grounds for advice-seeking. Thematic analysis revealed consistent clusters across sentiment categories: coping/resilience, emotional struggles, and health-related concerns. Challenging the assumption that positivity drives support, this study demonstrates that negative self-disclosure fosters deeper engagement and validation in Chinese online communities. While cultural stigma suppresses public sharing, audiences actively utilize comments to provide a stabilized "protocol of care", suggesting that authentic vulnerability is a potent driver of stigma reduction and peer support.
Consumers typically switch between different alternatives when choosing multiple times from the same product category. Although this phenomenon of variety-seeking has received considerable attention, literature has primarily focused on decisions made by only one person. However, consumers frequently choose jointly with their peers. This situation often implies different decision processes and outcomes compared with individual choices. We address this gap in two studies. The participants chose either in groups of two people (i.e., dyads) or alone. We found that dyads exhibited a higher level of variety-seeking than individuals, with reciprocity working as a key driver of dyadic variety-seeking. Furthermore, the variety behavior of a dyad decreased when the favorite alternatives of both dyad members were the same, positioning preference alignment as a moderator. Finally, the analysis of impression management concerns showed that it was the difference in scores between dyad members, rather than their individual levels, that significantly affected dyadic variety-seeking.
Emergency medical services (EMS) treatment protocols are traditionally static and often complex documents that are not easily accessed during patient care. To optimize medical decision-making and reduce errors, EMS clinicians need rapidly accessible reliable resources to guide decisions in real-time. Incorporating human-centered design (HCD) allows for innovative and purpose-built solutions to suit specific needs grounded in end-user feedback. In this manuscript we describe the development of a mobile application using HCD processes to facilitate rapid access to prehospital treatment protocols, real-time decision support, and just-in-time training for EMS clinicians during field care. The Los Angeles County EMS Agency, in partnership with Harbor-UCLA Department of Emergency Medicine and The Lundquist Institute, developed a mobile application for EMS clinicians incorporating all EMS policies, protocols, and medical control guidelines to facilitate real-time access to patient care support tools. We followed the principles of HCD in three phases: Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation. We developed a descriptive report of the major ideas generated from the inspiration and ideation phases, as well as the resulting prototype in the implementation phase. Through an iterative process engaging system stakeholders, we identified three content areas where the mobile application could most impact patient care: 1) Access to treatment protocols in a concise format digestible in real-time, 2) Quick decision support (e.g., medication drug dosing, risk score calculation, destination guidance), and 3) Just-in-time training for low-frequency, high-risk procedures. We further identified three design functions to optimize use: 1) Interlinking of content based on anticipated needs during a patient encounter, 2) Visible cues to indicate key information or required actions, and 3) Ability to search all policies, and favorite specific ones for personal rapid access. The application prototype consisted of three components: 'Rapid Access Treatment Protocols' (RATPs) for adult and pediatric patients, Quick Reference Guidelines (QRGs), and Just-in-Time (JIT) Videos, and incorporated the identified design functions. Using HCD principles, we developed a mobile application that enables rapid access to real-time decision support for EMS clinicians. This process and the application features, prioritized by our system stakeholders and EMS clinicians, can inform similar efforts in other EMS systems.
"My favorite molecule is water, since it is simple in composition, yet remarkably complex in its behavior… Science is fun because it turns curiosity into discovery…" Find out more about Yang Yao in her Introducing… Profile.
Dementia is a growing societal issue characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). This exploratory retrospective study examined the relationship between professional baseball outcomes and changes in BPSD among 855 dementia patients in the Kansai region of Japan. Survey results revealed that 19 Hanshin Tigers fans experienced significant reductions in BPSD scores following the team's 2023 Central League championship. Subcategory analyses showed significant decreases in offensive and abusive words, apathy and indifference, excitation and agitation, day-night reversal, and depressive and gloomy mood. These findings suggest that emotionally meaningful sports-related events may be associated with changes in BPSD among dementia patients who are strongly emotionally invested in their favorite teams. Although limited by subgroup size and study design, the results provide preliminary evidence that sports spectating, particularly during high-salience events, may have measurable implications for behavioral symptoms in dementia care and warrant further investigation in prospective studies.
This study aims to evaluate the information quality and reliability of Exercise-Induced Fatigue short videos on Douyin and to analyze their associations with video sources, content themes, and user engagement metrics. In this cross-sectional study, user engagement data from 190 Douyin videos were extracted using the Octopus web-scraping tool. Two independent reviewers evaluated video quality and reliability using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the modified DISCERN instrument (mDISCERN). The findings revealed that a majority of the videos (77.37%) were created by Non-professional Individuals. Although videos from Professional Individuals or Organizations demonstrated significantly higher quality and reliability (p < 0.001), their user engagement did not significantly differ from that of non-professional videos. The most popular content theme was Clinical Manifestations, yet this category represented an area of notably lower information quality (median GQS: 2 out of 5, IQR: 1-3; p < 0.001). Overall information reliability was insufficient (median mDISCERN: 2 out of 5, IQR: 1-3), with critical deficiencies in "mentioning uncertainties" (1.05%) and "providing additional resources" (25.26%). A key finding was that video quality and reliability were significantly negatively correlated with the number of Comments (GQS: ρ = -0.24, p = 0.001; mDISCERN: ρ = -0.18, p = 0.012), while no significant correlations were observed with other engagement metrics (Likes, Favorites, or Shares). Despite the high popularity of Exercise-Induced Fatigue content on Douyin, the platform suffers from overall low information quality and structural imbalances. High-engagement content themes tend to exhibit low informational value, and the misalignment between user interaction and information reliability poses potential risks to the public information environment. Collaborative efforts are urgently needed to improve content quality and optimize the digital health information environment.
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established home-based kidney replacement therapy but remains underutilized, partly due to limited patient knowledge. Meanwhile, TikTok is increasingly used for health information, but the quality of PD-related content on this platform remains uncertain. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of PD-related Douyin (the Chinese domestic counterpart of TikTok) videos retrieved on November 13, 2025. Video characteristics were recorded and videos were categorized by uploader type and content category. Two independent raters assessed each video using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), the Global Quality Score (GQS), the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V), and Peritoneal Dialysis-Specific Scale (PDSS), including a Core PDSS subset. Among 145 included videos, most (143/145) received a JAMA score of 2. Median scores were 2.0 (1.0–3.0) for mDISCERN, 2.0 (2.0–3.0) for GQS, 80.0% (70.0%–95.4%) for PEMAT understandability, 66.7% (66.7%-100%) for PEMAT actionability, 5.0 (3.0–7.0) for PDSS and 2.0 (1.0–3.0) for Core PDSS. Scores differed significantly by uploader type and content category. Videos posted by patients and non-professional individuals had lower GQS, PDSS, and Core PDSS scores than those from professional individuals or hospital-affiliated organizations. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that likes were not significantly correlated with any quality score. Favorites and shares correlated positively with quality and reliability, whereas comments correlated negatively. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that longer video duration was independently associated with higher quality and reliability as well as higher engagement (likes, favorites, and shares). Overall, PD-related content on Douyin is frequently insufficient in reliability and patient education value. Strengthening nephrologist-led production, platform governance, and actionable patient-centered education is warranted.
Green tea supplements (GTSs) are a favorite among the general population and, due to their methylxanthine (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline) content, might represent a potential ergogenic source in athletes' performance. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method that quantifies the methylxanthine content of commercially available GTSs and to evaluate their potential relevance for ergogenic use. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and a QDa mass detector (UHPLC-PDA-QDa) method was developed, validated and applied to determine the content of methylxanthines in seven commercially available GTSs. Method validation parameters demonstrated satisfactory performance, with rapid and efficient separation and quantification of the three methylxanthines. Considerable variability was observed among the analyzed products, with caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline contents ranging from 0.37 to 12.13, 0.07 to 3.59, and 0.05 to 0.83 mg/capsule, respectively. However, the methylxanthine amounts measured in the analyzed products were below the doses commonly associated with ergogenic effects. Overall, the developed UHPLC-PDA-QDa method provided a reliable approach for methylxanthine quantification, while the seven products analyzed did not represent meaningful ergogenic sources of these compounds.
Members of the broad family of Strychnos alkaloids have been the favorite molecules for the development and evaluation of new NMR methods for many years, including the establishment of the 1H-15N two-dimensional NMR methods. The present study is an effort to computationally evaluate the 15N chemical shift behavior of eight members of this structurally diverse group of indole alkaloids. The molecules range from relatively "simple" strychnine and brucine and their respective N-oxides to molecules as complex as vinorelbine, a synthetic analog used in cancer chemotherapy, and sungucine, a naturally occurring complex dimeric member of the family. The 20 15N chemical shifts in this study afforded a CMAE of 2.96 ppm and an RMSD of 3.50 ppm, with the data affording a correlation coefficient, r = 0.997.
Fan loyalty is essential to the business model and marketing of professional soccer clubs. At the same time, clubs regularly face fan behavior such as the return of season tickets or cancellation of club memberships. From a sports marketing perspective, these behaviors are often interpreted as indicators of declining loyalty or even fan exit. However, such interpretations tend to oversimplify the underlying dynamics, as the observable behavior does not necessarily correspond to a complete withdrawal from the soccer club. This article examines the extent to which the return of season tickets and the cancellation of memberships at professional soccer clubs can be interpreted as indicators of fan exit, in a partial or total manner. An online questionnaire was distributed through German professional soccer clubs and the social media platform Reddit. It specifically targeted people who had previously canceled their membership with their favorite club or given up their season ticket. A total of 981 people participated in the questionnaire between October 2025 and March 2026; of these, 198 provided comments on the topic, which were included in a qualitative thematic analysis. The results are presented separately, depending on whether they include participants' statements regarding memberships or season tickets. In addition to relevant status constellations, the section also describes various reasons for the cancellation of memberships or season tickets. In the case of canceled memberships, the reasons are largely limited to issues directly related to the preferred club. In the case of canceled season tickets, a wider range of reasons is cited, ranging from an overall negative assessment of the club's offerings and a poor quality of the stadium experience to logistical problems related to travel to and from the stadiums and personal reasons. The analysis shows that neither the cancellation of memberships, nor the return of season tickets necessarily imply a total exit from the favorite club; however, these actions may be associated with impairments in the fan-club relationship and a partial exit. In this context, implications are discussed within a broader theoretical and management context. Furthermore, the study highlights its limitations and outlines avenues for future research.
A guilty pleasure of ours is having coffee on a Saturday morning with a friend at a neighborhood cafe where the chocolate croissants are divine and the pace of the day is unhurried. We linger longer than intended, cups refilled, as our conversations wander across art, history, science, travel, wine, and the linguine marinara we had for dinner last night. On one such occasion, the conversa-tion shifted to the recognition that many of the plants producing our favorite foods and beverages face growing threats from viral pathogens about which we know surprisingly little.An adapted version of this editorial was published in The Hill on May 28, 2026 (https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/5896747-coffee-chocolate-wine-plant-viruses/).