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Research has shown a definite correlation between adolescent alcohol consumption and internet addiction(IA). However, research on internet addiction and alcohol consumption among Chinese adolescents remains limited. This study aims to investigate the association between internet addiction and alcohol consumption among Chinese adolescents. A self-administered survey was conducted among students from junior high, senior high and vocational high schools in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China. The survey assessed demographics, internet addiction, alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and family functioning. Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between internet addiction and alcohol consumption. A total of 3120 adolescents (54.97% male, 45.03% female) were included. The prevalence of alcohol use in the past year was 20.58%, and 13.72% of adolescents were classified as having internet addiction. Correlation analysis showed that internet addiction was associated with alcohol consumption, intoxication, anxiety, depression, and family function. After adjusting for covariates, multiple regression analysis revealed that, compared with non-drinkers, adolescents who had consumed alcohol more than 30 days ago (OR = 1.34, 95% CI:1.01-1.79) and those who had consumed alcohol within the past 30 days (OR = 1.57, 95% CI:1.03-2.37) had significantly higher odds of internet addiction. Similarly, drinkers without intoxication (OR = 1.31, 95% CI:1.01-1.70) and drinkers with intoxication (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.40-5.12) showed significantly higher odds of internet addiction compared to non-drinkers. This study demonstrates a significant association between internet addiction and alcohol consumption among Chinese adolescents. These findings highlight the need to consider this relationship when developing prevention strategies for adolescent internet addiction and alcohol use.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a rapidly advancing malignancy and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recently, plant-based pharmaceuticals have garnered increased attention compared to synthetic medications due to their non-toxic nature and accessibility. Mollugo cerviana, a prevalent weed in the Mollugnaceae family, is recognised for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The ethanolic extract of the plant was evaluated for its cytotoxic effects on hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2). The vitality of the treated cells was evaluated using the MTT test. The induction of oxidative stress was assessed by quantifying intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the mechanism of cell death was analysed using ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) dual staining. Additionally, the DNA damage was assessed via the comet test. To ascertain the probable bioactive chemicals responsible for the observed cytotoxicity, LC-MS analysis of the plant extract was conducted. The primary components found in the plant extract underwent molecular descriptor analysis and statistical correlations were established to evaluate their notable drug-likeness and possible therapeutic significance. The plant extract induces cell death in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the MTT assay, with HepG2 cell viability decreasing from 98 to 44% at concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 µg/mL. HepG2 cells exposed to 356.03 µg/ml (IC50) of plant extract exhibited an elevated amount of ROS production. The primary form of cell death was apoptosis, with 54% of cells identified as apoptotic and 6% as necrotic. The extent of DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as assessed by the comet assay was markedly elevated. The research indicates that the ethanolic extract of M.cerviana promotes apoptosis in HepG2 cells, likely facilitated by increased ROS levels and DNA damage. The combination of phytochemical profiling and molecular descriptor analysis substantiates the therapeutic potential of M.cerviana as a promising natural therapy for hepatocellular cancer.
Family history, body mass index (BMI), and ethnicity are three key, well-established determinants of susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), reflecting genetic predisposition, modifiable metabolic risk, and biological as well as social influences, respectively. These factors interact in complex, non-linear patterns that are not fully captured by conventional risk prediction models. This review examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning approaches can integrate these variables to improve risk stratification and early identification of individuals at high risk of T2DM. By leveraging large-scale, longitudinal datasets, data-driven models facilitate the capture of population-level heterogeneity and identify risk patterns that extend beyond static thresholds. Incorporating AI-enhanced prediction tools into clinical and public health settings could enable more timely, targeted, and equitable interventions. Ultimately, integrating advances in AI with a deeper understanding of the interplay between BMI, ethnicity, and genetic predisposition may support more personalised prevention strategies and risk-stratified care pathways for T2DM.
Cyclophosphamide (CP) has long been employed in cancer treatment as well as in therapeutic regimens for autoimmune diseases. Despite its clinical value, one of its major drawbacks is testicular damage which may be due to disruption of antioxidant defenses, amplification of inflammatory responses, and suppression of autophagy. Febuxostat is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy-inducing effects. The present study investigated whether febuxostat could mitigate CP-induced testicular toxicity in a rat model. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were aligned into five groups: a control group, a CP-only group, and three CP-treated groups receiving febuxostat at doses of 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg/day. Seminal fluid, blood samples, and testicular tissues were collected and analyzed through biochemical assays and pathological examinations. Febuxostat dose-dependently restored the hormonal balance, enhanced antioxidant defenses, increased sirtuin-1 levels, and modulated both NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-driven pyroptosis and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy axis in the testicular tissues of CP-treated rats compared with CP-only rats. These improvements were consistently observed in the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations. Owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, autophagy-promoting, and pyroptosis-modulating effects, febuxostat may show promise as a potential therapeutic option for reducing CP-related gonadal dysfunction in males.
Ticks are major ectoparasites and vectors of pathogens affecting humans, livestock, and wildlife. They harbor diverse microbial communities that may influence tick biology and interactions with microorganisms; however, functional information on tick-associated microbiomes remains limited, particularly in North Africa. In this pilot study, we applied a metaproteomic approach based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to characterize bacterial communities associated with three tick species collected in Algeria: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Hyalomma aegyptium, and Hyalomma dromedarii. Peptide spectra were assigned to taxa using a two-step database search strategy based on NCBInr, and bacterial composition and relative abundance were compared across tick species and sampling locations. A total of 40 bacterial genera belonging to 32 families and four phyla were identified. Microbiome composition differed significantly between tick genera and collection locations, suggesting an influence of species-specific and geographical factors on microbial community structure. Dominant genera included Streptomyces, Bacillus, Clostridium, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Paenibacillus, and Providencia. Peptides related to Coxiella spp. were frequently detected, consistent with previous reports of Coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks. This pilot study provides a first metaproteomic characterization of tick-associated communities in Algeria. The results reveal species- and location-associated differences in microbial composition and highlight the potential of metaproteomics for exploring tick-associated microbiomes in North Africa.
Previous research has shown a significant association between increased serum perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentration and reduced antibody response to vaccinations in children, but this association has not yet been studied for COVID-19 vaccinations. We explored this relationship using data from the Arizona Healthcare, Emergency Response and Other Essential Workers Surveillance (AZ-HEROES) Kids study, a prospective cohort that began recruiting participants in July 2021 and followed through April 2023. AZ-HEROES Kids participants aged 6 months to 17 years were eligible for this study if they received a full primary mRNA COVID-19 BNT-162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine series, voluntarily submitted a blood specimen 14-60 days following the second vaccine dose and had no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination. 13 PFAS chemicals were measured in serum samples, including branched and linear isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid. A semi-quantitative ELISA was used to measure antibody binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and S2 subunit domain (S2). An area under the serial dilution curve (AUC) was calculated for RBD and S2. Regression models were fit for each PFAS chemical to assess the relationship between antibody binding (RBD and S2 AUC) and serum PFAS concentration with adjustments for age, sex, geographic region in Arizona and presence of chronic conditions. The final sample included 120 individuals between 1 and 16 years old. An SD increase in total log-PFOS concentration was significantly associated with a 5.0% decrease in RBD AUC (95% CI -8.1% to -1.8%). The linear and branched isomers of PFOS were also significantly associated with a 4.8% (-7.9% to -1.6%) and 4.9% (-8.0% to -1.7%) decrease in RBD AUC, respectively. This study contributes to the growing evidence of the negative effects of PFAS exposure on humoral response to vaccination in children.
Metabolic syndrome results from the interaction of cardiometabolic risk factors, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose metabolism, and is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to pesticides, may contribute to metabolic dysregulation through inflammatory, oxidative, endocrine and metabolic pathways. This study investigated the association between chronic pesticide exposure and metabolic syndrome in 120 individuals from agricultural areas. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and exposure-related data were obtained through structured interviews and laboratory analyses. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking showed a significant positive association between exposure duration and metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.07; p = 0.020). Principal component analysis demonstrated clustering between metabolic syndrome componentes and pesticide exposure. These findings suggest that chronic occupational exposure to pesticides may contribute to metabolic disturbances and represent a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor.
Incidence of early-onset cancer is rising globally in recent generations, which underscores the need to elucidate the influence of emerging generational risk factors. Systemic and organ-specific aging reflects the cumulative impact of exposures and may provide an integrative and complementary approach to understand early-onset cancer risk. Here among 154,169 young adults from the United Kingdom Biobank, systemic aging measured by PhenoAge increased across birth cohorts, with 23% s.d. increase for those born 1965-1974 versus 1950-1954, and was associated with early-onset solid cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR)per s.d. 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.13), driven by lung, gastrointestinal and uterine cancers, independent of genetic risks of aging and cancer. Patterns were consistent using alternative systemic aging measures, including the Klemera-Doubal method-defined age gap and metabolomic-based age gap. These findings were validated partially among 10,262 participants in the United States All of Us Research Program. Proteomics-based organ-specific aging analyses linked immune aging with early-onset lung cancer (HRper s.d. 1.89; CI, 1.20-2.97) and adipose tissue aging to early-onset colorectal cancer (HR 1.60; CI, 1.11-2.32). Greater age gap, reflecting more advanced biological aging relative to chronological age, may serve as a driver associated with risk of early-onset solid cancers, highlighting the importance of uncovering underlying mechanisms to guide effective prevention strategies.
Saskatchewan relies extensively on air transport to deliver acute care to remote regions. This article applied Royal Canadian Air Force air power doctrine to evaluate and optimize the province's civilian medevac system. Doctrinal analysis was used to assess existing medevac coordination structures. Operational modeling, including an optimized combined air operations model, was developed to compare the efficiency of fixed- and rotary-wing transport across representative provincial locations. Data were analyzed for time to tertiary care. The application of air power principles, including centralized control, decentralized execution, and a common operating picture, identified significant opportunities to enhance responsiveness and increase efficiency. Modeling showed that the correct selection of transport modality improves efficiency by up to 42%, with fixed-wing aircraft favored beyond approximately 150 miles from Saskatoon. The analysis demonstrates that Saskatchewan's current air medical system could achieve improved safety, timeliness, and efficiency through a centralized command structure. Establishing a provincial medevac operations center would enable real-time tasking, integrated situational awareness through a common operating picture, and better alignment of air assets with clinical needs.
Global health cooperation is undergoing recalibration. The 2025 America First Global Health Strategy does not introduce entirely new governance instruments but more explicitly prioritizes bilateral agreements, co-financing requirements, and performance-based partnerships within global health cooperation. This commentary examines how the strategy formalizes and intensifies existing dynamics of strategic bilateralism and analyses its implications for low- and middle-income countries. We argue that the significance of the strategy lies less in new governance mechanisms than in the scale, visibility, and political framing of existing ones. While this approach may strengthen domestic ownership and programme integration, it may also reshape bargaining dynamics, fiscal responsibilities, and coordination structures within global health systems.
Glycerol-3-phosphoacyltransferase (GPAT) plays role in abiotic stress responses. An inclusive bioinformatics methodology identified 11 GPAT genes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.), scattered across seven chromosomes. Gene structure analysis revealed that the documented genes contained 1 to 13 introns, with most genes containing 1 to 2 introns. Phylogenetic investigation clustered the GPATs into three clades (GPAT9-like, ATS1-like, and others), displaying evolutionary resemblance to Arabidopsis homologs. Promoter regions were supplemented with abiotic-stress-responsive cis-elements and hormones, indicating regulation by phytohormonal and environmental stressors. Collinearity investigation identified one localized duplication episode among Cla97Chr09 and Cla97Chr10, while synteny investigation exposed nine orthologous sets with Arabidopsis, representative of few duplications but strong but stable conservation. Moreover, 30 miRNAs were predicted to target 10 ClPAT genes via translational inhibition or cleavage, suggesting potential post-transcriptional regulation that will require further experimental validation. qRT-PCR examination showed that 10 ClPATCLGPAT genes responded to cold stress, with ClPATCLGPAT8 particularly showed strongest induction. To confirm its function, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was employed to suppress ClGPAT8 expression in watermelon. In cold stress (4°C), ClGPAT8-silenced plants exhibited greater membrane injury, enhanced leaf wilting, and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with control plants. Physiological assays revealed markedly elevated relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Histochemical staining established excessive accumulation of O₂·⁻ and H₂O₂ in silenced plants. These conclusions demonstrate that ClGPAT8 positively regulates cold tolerance by reducing oxidative damage, maintaining membrane integrity, and providing a theoretical foundation for developing cold-resilient watermelon genotypes.
Protein kinases continue to be the primary therapeutic targets in cancer therapy because they mediate proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Among these scaffolds, coumarins and hydroxycoumarins have emerged as highly versatile platforms for anticancer drug design due to their rigid benzopyran-2-one core, tunable substitution patterns, and potential for hybridization with kinase-privileged heterocycles. With an interest in medicinal chemistry, structure-activity relationships, and target binding and mechanisms, this review discusses the recently published primary literature on hydroxycoumarins and coumarin-derived derivatives developed as kinase-targeted anticancer agents. Existing evidence demonstrates that coumarin analogs have been considered against receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR and VEGFR), survival-associated signaling nodes (PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling), and cell cycle control kinases (CDKs and CK2). These subclasses exhibit various hydroxylation patterns and substitutions at key ring positions, linker architecture, heteroaryl fusion, and heteroaryl-aryl hybrid pharmacophores, each influencing ATP-pocket recognition, hinge-region interactions, and downstream biological responses, such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and anti-migratory effects. Overall, coumarins have the potential to be used as a flexible scaffold family for the discovery of kinase-targeted anticancer drugs. However, further research is warranted to enhance the biochemical validation, optimize the selectivity, and facilitate the translational development of these compounds.
Reverse transcriptase (RT)-associated RNase H (RNH) remains the only virally encoded enzymatic function of HIV-1 yet to be targeted by any drugs approved or in the development pipeline. We have previously developed 1,4-dihydroxy-1,8-napthyridinone (DHN) analogs as potent inhibitors of orthopoxvirus resolvases which belong to the RNase H-like (RNHL) nuclease family featuring a two-metal-dependent catalytic mechanism. In this work, we have enriched the in-house DHN collection to 82 analogs and tested them in HIV-1 in vitro and antiviral assays. In biochemical assays against RT, most analogs inhibited RT RNH activity with low nM to sub-μM potencies without appreciable inhibition against RT polymerase (pol) activity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis reveals that analogs bearing a phenyl at C-3 with various substitutions at C-5 position are particularly potent. Removing the N-1 hydroxyl group largely abrogated the RNH inhibition, consistent with a two-metal-chelating pharmacophore. In a cell-based antiviral assay against HIV-1 virus, many analogs exhibited sub-μM antiviral activity without significant cytotoxicity. Finally, most analogs were tested against HIV-1 integrase strand transfer (INST) activity which also belongs to the RNHL family. Although some inhibited INST with IC50 values in the low to mid μM range, the antiviral activity appears to correlate better with RT RNH inhibition.
Legionella pneumophila employs effectors including kinases, phosphoryl-AMPylases, ATPases, etc. to exploit host ATP for infection. Ceg14, a member of the S-HxxxE family, modulates host-cell energy levels in concert with host actin and the metaeffector AnkJ: actin activates while AnkJ inhibits Ceg14 ATPase activity. However, the molecular basis of this regulation remains unclear. Here we present Cryo-EM structures of Ceg14-actin, Ceg14-AnkJ, and Ceg14-actin-AnkJ complexes at 2.89 Å, 2.93 Å, and 2.52 Å, respectively. Actin binds to the C-terminal α-helix of the Ceg14 catalytic domain (CD), inducing rearrangement of its N-terminal domain (NTD) and reconfiguration of the flexible Lid domain. Surprisingly, AnkJ binds to the surface opposite the catalytic pocket rather than occupying the pocket. Using integrated in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo approaches, we propose a mechanism for Ceg14-mediated ATP hydrolysis. Actin binding triggers NTD rotation, driving the catalytic pocket through open, intermediate, and closed states. In the open state, H571 catalyzes ATP conversion to AMP and PPi. AnkJ binding to an allosteric site locks the intermediate state, thereby inhibiting hydrolysis. Together, our study reveals the molecular mechanism by which actin and AnkJ reciprocally regulate Ceg14 activity.
Genetic testing for kidney disease may inform clinical diagnosis, prognosis and therapy, help to guide transplant planning, and advise risk in relatives and family planning. This review provides a summary of the National Kidney Foundation report on testing genetic diseases for patients with chronic kidney disease and individuals who are at risk of chronic kidney disease, including family members and kidney donors, with an emphasis in monogenic disorders and APOL1. We illustrate medical decision-making using case-level interpretation for genetic disorders.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typically diagnosed by specialists; however, long waitlists and provider shortages can limit access. Primary care providers (PCPs) are frequently the first point of contact for families and may be well-positioned to recognize early developmental concerns. This study examined whether PCPs were increasingly reported as the first providers to tell families their child has ASD, and evaluated differences by race, ethnicity, and household income. We analyzed National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data, restricting analysis to reported ASD identification from 2013 onward to align with the timing of changes to the DSM-5 ASD diagnostic criteria. Using generalized estimating equations, we assessed changes over time in the proportion of families who were first told their child had ASD by a PCP. Child's diagnostic age, race and ethnicity, and household income were covariates in the model. During 2013-2023, the percentage of families first told their child had ASD by a PCP ranged from 10.7% to 21.5% (average = 16.2%). After 2018, the likelihood of families reporting a PCP as the first provider increased, with statistically significant increases among Hispanic children and children from low-income households. The average age of =children when families were first told (5.3 years) remained stable over the study period. From 2013 to 2023, PCPs remained a minority source to first tell a family about their child's ASD. They were more often reported as the first providers to tell families in more recent years (2018-2023), particularly for Hispanic or low-income families.
Metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rising worldwide at a pace that cannot be fully explained by obesity, diet, or genetics alone. Emerging evidence supports a mechanistic dissection of how defined endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) rewire hepatic transcriptional and metabolic networks relevant to MASLD. This review focuses on the molecular interfaces through which major EDC families intersect with hepatic metabolic regulation. We propose the "hepato-exposome axis" as a receptor-centric framework that maps specific EDC classes to nuclear receptors (NRs) and key metabolic pathways that regulate lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory signalling implicated in MASLD progression. We summarise key EDC groups linked to liver disease, including organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroids, bisphenols, phthalates, organophosphate esters, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We then integrate current understanding of hepatic metabolic and xenobiotic pathways in homeostasis and MASLD, emphasising xenobiotic-sensing and metabolic NRs (AhR, PXR, CAR, PPARs, FXR, LXRs, RXR) as convergence points for EDC action. Drawing on in vivo and in vitro studies, we show that distinct EDC families imprint overlapping molecular signatures onto pathways that control de novo lipogenesis, β-oxidation, glucose handling, antioxidant defences, and inflammatory/immune signalling, collectively fostering a pro-steatotic and pro-inflammatory hepatic milieu. We further discuss vulnerable populations, critical windows of exposure, mixture effects, and sex-specific responses, positioning EDCs as environmental modifiers of the MASLD trajectory across the life course. Finally, we outline priorities for mechanistic and translational research, including mixture toxicology, multi-omics exposome profiling, and biomarker discovery, to better quantify and mitigate endocrine disruptors' contribution to the global MASLD burden.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of airborne pollen in the urban area of Kunming City, explore its correlation with meteorological factors and allergic rhinitis (AR) visits, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of local AR. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (AR) who visited the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at Kunming Children's Hospital between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2024. During this period, daily pollen dispersal data (including species and counts) and meteorological data were collected for Kunming city. Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to assess the associations of pollen concentration and meteorological factors with the number of AR outpatient visits. Results: Pollen can be detected in Kunming City throughout the year, and the pollen dispersal trend was consistent in the two years. A total of 57 792 pollen grains/1 000 mm² were collected from monitoring sites in Kunming urban area from 2023 to 2024, covering 29 families/genera, with Pinaceae and Alnus as the dominant pollen types, exhibiting a bimodal pattern in spring and autumn (February-April, October-November. Spring was dominated by Pinaceae (accounting for 83.7% of the total in spring, 25 324/30 270), while autumn was dominated by the Alnus genus (accounting for 88.8% of the total in autumn, 11 832/13 322). Correlation analysis between pollen concentration and meteorological factors revealed that daily pollen concentration throughout the year was negatively correlated with the daily average temperature(r=-0.25,P<0.01), daily average relative humidity(r=-0.36,P<0.01), and daily precipitation(r=-0.32,P<0.01), and positively correlated with wind speed (r=0.21, P<0.01). The correlation analysis between pollen concentration and AR clinic visits showed that the number of pediatric AR patients was consistent with the trend of pollen concentration, with a positive correlation between daily pollen concentration and AR visits (r=0.293, P<0.05). Specifically, the concentration of Alnus pollen in autumn showed a positive correlation with both the number of AR patient visits(r=0.319,P<0.05) and the number of individuals with a positive Skin Prick Test (SPT)(r=0.36,P<0.05). In contrast, spring Pinaceae pollen concentration showed no statistically association with the aforementioned visits (r=0.142,r=-0.086, with all P values >0.05). Conclusion: Pollen dispersal in the Kunming urban area exhibits a bimodal pattern in spring and autumn, with the dominant pollen being Pinaceae and Alnus, respectively. Pollen dispersal is significantly influenced by meteorological factors, particularly daily precipitation. The variation in pollen concentration aligns with the number of pediatric AR patient visits. Alnus pollen might be a potential sensitizing pollen associated with autumn AR in children in this region. 目的： 分析昆明城区气传花粉特点，探讨其与气象因素、变应性鼻炎（AR）就诊人数的相关性，为AR的防治提供参考依据。 方法： 采用横断面研究方法，针对2023年1月1日至2024年12月31日昆明市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊AR就诊患儿的资料，同时采集同期昆明城区每日花粉播散情况、记录花粉的种类及数量、收集同期气象数据，对花粉浓度与气象因素、AR患者就诊人数，进行Spearman相关分析。 结果： 昆明全年均可监测到花粉，两年来每年花粉飘散趋势一致，2023—2024年昆明城区监测点内共收集花粉57 792粒/1 000 mm²，涵盖29个科属，以松科、桤木属为核心优势花粉，花粉播散呈现春秋双峰模式，春季以松科为主（占春季总量的83.7%、25 324/30 270），秋季以桤木属为主（占秋季总量的88.8%、11 832/13 322）。花粉浓度与气象因素相关性分析表明，全年日花粉浓度与日平均气温（r=-0.25，P<0.01）、日平均相对湿度（r=-0.36，P<0.01）、日降水量（r=-0.32，P<0.01）呈负相关，与风速呈正相关（r=0.21，P<0.01）。全年花粉播散高峰与AR患儿就诊人数高峰期吻合，花粉浓度与AR就诊情况相关性分析表明，日花粉浓度与AR就诊人数呈正相关（r=0.293，P<0.05）。秋季桤木属花粉浓度与AR就诊人数（r=0.319，P<0.05）、皮肤点刺试验（SPT）阳性人数（r=0.36，P<0.05）呈正相关。而春季松科花粉浓度与上述就诊指标无统计学关联（r=0.142，r=-0.086，P值均>0.05）。 结论： 昆明城区花粉播散成春秋双峰模式，优势花粉分别为松科和桤木属。花粉播散受气象因素（特别是日降水量）影响显著。花粉浓度变化规律与儿童AR就诊人数一致，桤木属花粉可能是引发该地区秋季儿童AR的潜在致敏相关花粉。.
Little is known about populations utilizing recently expanded access to telehealth medication abortion (TeleMAB) or how structural determinants may exacerbate access inequities. This study assesses demographic and racial trends between telehealth and in-clinic abortion patients with pregnancies 11 weeks or less in Minnesota. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using Planned Parenthood North Central States electronic health record data of Minnesota abortion patients at 11 weeks gestation or less between 2021-2024. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit models results are reported using relative risk ratios. A total of 20,360 abortions at or less than 11 weeks gestational duration occurred during the study period. 92.5% of the abortions were provided in person (64.9% medication, 27.6% procedural), and 7.6% were TeleMAB. TeleMAB patients were older, more likely to be white, live in rural counties, and have had a previous abortion compared to patients who received abortion care in person. Patients who self-identify as Black, Hispanic, multi-racial, or whose primary language is not English, are more likely to receive in-clinic care, specifically procedural abortions. Telehealth expansion can improve abortion access for rural patients but may not reach other impacted communities in Minnesota. More research is needed to examine other structural barriers that may impede patients from selecting the abortion modality they prefer. Telehealth abortion is key to retaining abortion access. However, this health care delivery shift has occurred concurrently with closures of brick-and-mortar clinics. Broadening telehealth and in-clinic care may support the autonomy patients seek in their reproductive care.