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Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, it is known that neutrinos have small but non-zero masses. The neutrino mass scale, which is of fundamental importance for cosmology, astrophysics and particle physics, can be measured directly from the kinematics of weak decays. The Karlsruhe tritium neutrino experiment KATRIN measures the end point region of the tritium \b{eta}-spectrum with unrivalled t statistics and an unprecedented precision. This world-leading direct neutrino mass search experiment is characterised by a windowless, gaseous molecular tritium source and a giant MAC- E filter-type spectrometer. The precision measurement of the tritium \b{eta}-spectrum also allows the search for many other phenomena beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. The KATRIN experiment is about to reach its target sensitivity of the neutrino mass of less than 300 meV and will then turn its attention to the search for sterile keV neutrinos before the neutrino mass sensitivity is to be significantly increased once again by applying quantum read-out technology combined with an atomic tritium source with KATRIN++.

The search for physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider is expanding to include unconventional signatures such as long-lived particles. This mini-review assesses the prospects for detecting electrically charged long-lived particles using the MoEDAL-MAPP experiment. We synthesize findings from recent studies that evaluate sensitivity to supersymmetric models, radiative neutrino mass scenarios, and generic multiply charged objects. A key component of this review is the comparative analysis of MoEDAL's reach against the general-purpose ATLAS and CMS experiments. We conclude that while MoEDAL is constrained by lower integrated luminosity, its passive, background-free detection methodology offers a unique advantage. Specifically, the experiment provides complementarity to the major detectors, particularly for signals involving slow-moving particles and stable states with intermediate electric charges.

Heavy-flavor production at the LHC offers valuable tests of quantum-chromodynamics calculations, owing to the large masses of heavy quarks. Measurements of charm production as a function of event activity reveal new features of charm production and fragmentation, providing insights to the interplay between soft and hard processes. In addition, charm production in heavy-ion collisions addresses flavor-dependent quark transport properties in both hot and cold nuclear matter, helping to clarify the roles of coalescence and fragmentation in heavy-flavor hadron formation. This contribution summarizes recent measurements from the ALICE experiment on charm production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in pp collisions at various energies, including the measurements of charm baryon-to-meson production yield ratios in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions. New results on ${\rm D}^0$ production in pp collisions as a function of the transverse spherocity of the event, as well as of the transverse event-activity classifier $R_{\rm T}$, are also presented.

Based on the improvement of recent virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) Head Mounted Display (HMD), there have been attempts to adopt VR and AR in various fields. Since VR and AR could provide more immersive experimental environments and stimuli than 2D settings in a cost-efficient way, psychological and cognitive researchers are particularly interested in using these platforms. However, there is still an entry barrier for researchers who are not familiar with Unity programming, and current VR/AR HMDs could also cause unexpected errors during the experiment. Therefore, we developed a Unity library that can be adopted in various experiments universally and assist researchers in developing their own. Our library provides functions related to trial assignment and results saving. That way, researchers can easily implement the essential functions of their psychological experiments. We also made a function that enables proceeding with the experiment from a specific trial point to handle unexpected errors caused by HMD tracking loss issues during the experiment. We expect our library could invite researchers from various disciplines and help them acquire valuable insights in VR/AR en

BDX-MINI is a beam dump experiment optimized to search for Light Dark Matter produced in the interaction of the intense CEBAF 2.176 GeV electron beam with the Hall A beam dump at Jefferson Lab. The BDX-MINI detector consists of a PbWO$_4$ electromagnetic calorimeter surrounded by a hermetic veto system for background rejection. The experiment accumulated $2.56 \times 10^{21}$ EOT in six months of running. Simulations of fermionic and scalar Dark Matter interactions with electrons of the active volume of the BDX-MINI detector were used to estimate the expected signal. Data collected during the beam-off time allowed us to characterize the background dominated by cosmic rays. A blind data analysis based on a maximum-likelihood approach was used to optimize the experiment sensitivity. An upper limit on the production of light dark matter was set using the combined event samples collected during beam-on and beam-off configurations. In some kinematics, this pilot experiment is sensitive to the parameter space covered by some of the most sensitive experiments to date, which demonstrates the discovery potential of the next generation beam dump experiment planned at intense electron beam fa

The first results of the GERDA double beta experiment in Gran Sasso were recently presented. They are fully consistent with the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment, but because of its low statistics cannot proof anything at this moment. It is no surprise that the statistics is still far from being able to test the signal claimed by the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment. The energy resolution of the coaxial detectors is a factor of 1.5 worse than in the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment. The original goal of background reduction to 10^{-2}counts/kgykeV, or by an order of magnitude compared to the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment, has not been reached. The background is only a factor 2.3 lower if we refer it to the experimental line width, i.e. in units counts/kgy energy resolution. With pulse shape analysis (PSA) the background in the HEIDELBERG-MOSCOW experiment around Q_{ββ} is 4x10^{-3} counts/kgykeV \cite{HVKK-IVK-MPhLA2006}, which is a factor of 4 (5 referring to the line width) lower than that of GERDA with pulse shape analysis. The amount of enriched material used in the GERDA measurement is 14.6kg, only a factor of 1.34 larger than that used in the HM experiment. The background model is oversimp

This work proposes a new yet economical experiment to probe the charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) process mediated by an extra massive neutron gauge boson $Z^\prime$ beyond the standard model, by extending a recently proposed muon dark matter project in the Peking University Muon (PKMuon) Experiment. The devices used originally for light mass dark matter direct detection are easily adaptable to search for the $μ^+e^- \to μ^+μ^-$ CLFV process leveraging the large-area, high-precision muon tracking and tomography system sandwiching a fixed target the incoming muons scatter off. The $μ^+μ^-$ final state signal studied in this work can be uniquely sensitive to specific CLFV parameter combinations, such as the couplings between $Z^\prime$, electron and muon, or $Z^\prime$ and two muons. Prospected results are obtained through detailed detector simulation for the proposal interfacing with a muon beam with energy at tens of $\mathrm{GeV}$ and a flux of $10^6\ \mathrm{s^{-1}}$. Based mainly on angular information of the incoming and outgoing particles, the expected upper limit at 95\% confidence level on the coupling coefficients $λ_{eμ}λ_{μμ}$ is able to reach $10^{-5}$ with, for exa

The novel technique of mean range bunching has been developed and applied at the projectile fragment separator FRS at GSI in four experiments of the FAIR phase-0 experimental program. Using a variable degrader system at the final focal plane of the FRS, the ranges of the different nuclides can be aligned, allowing to efficiently implant a large number of different nuclides simultaneously in a gas-filled stopping cell or an implantation detector. Stopping and studying a cocktail beam overcomes the present limitations of stopped-beam experiments. The conceptual idea of mean range bunching is described and illustrated using simulations. In a single setting of the FRS, 37 different nuclides were stopped in the cryogenic stopping cell and were measured in a single setting broadband mass measurement with the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the FRS Ion Catcher.

The detection and cross-section measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEνNS) are vital for particle physics, astrophysics, and nuclear physics. Therefore, a new CEνNS detection experiment is proposed in China. Undoped CsI crystals, each coupled with two Photon Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), will be cooled down to 77K and placed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) to detect the CEνNS signals produced by neutrinos from stopped pion decays happening within the Tungsten target of CSNS. Owing to the extremely high light yield of pure CsI at 77K, even though it only has a neutrino flux 60\% weaker than the COHERENT experiment, the detectable signal event rate is still expected to be 0.074/day/kg (0.053/day/kg for COHERENT). Low radioactivity materials and devices will be used to construct the detector, and strong shielding will be applied to reduce the radioactive and neutron background. Dual-PMT readout should be able to reject PMT-related background, such as Cherenkov light and PMT dark noise. With all the strategies mentioned above, we hope to reach a 5.1σ signal detection significance within six months of data taking with a 12kg CsI. This presentation will

The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab (Newport News, VA USA) is designed to explore the spectrum of mesons up to about 3 GeV. We present results on the production of light-quark resonances with linearly polarized photons. These results enhance our understanding of photoproduction mechanisms, which is valuable in subsequent searches for exotic hybrid mesons. Measurements of the J/psi photoproduction cross section at threshold are also presented.

The spectral shape of reactor antineutrinos measured in recent experiments shows anomalies in comparison to neutrino reference spectra. New precision measurements of the reactor neutrino spectra as well as more complete input in nuclear data bases are needed to resolve the observed discrepancies between models and experimental results. This article proposes the combination of experiments at reactors which are highly enriched in ${}^{235}$U with commercial reactors with typically lower enrichment to gain new insights into the origin of the anomalous neutrino spectrum. The presented method clarifies, if the spectral anomaly is either solely or not at all related to the predicted ${}^{235}$U spectrum. Considering the current improvements of the energy scale uncertainty of present-day experiments, a significance of three sigma and above can be reached. As an example, we discuss the option of a direct comparison of the measured shape in the currently running Double Chooz near detector and the upcoming Stereo experiment. A quantitative feasibility study emphasizes that a precise understanding of the energy scale systematics is a crucial prerequisite in recent and next generation experime

The NuMI facility at Fermilab will provide an extremely intense beam of neutrinos for the MINOS neutrino-oscillation experiment. The spacious and fully-outfitted MINOS near detector hall will be the ideal venue for a high-statistics, high-resolution $ν$ and $ ubar$--nucleon/nucleus scattering experiment. The experiment described here will measure neutrino cross-sections and probe nuclear effects essential to present and future neutrino-oscillation experiments. Moreover, with the high NuMI beam intensity, the experiment will either initially address or significantly improve our knowledge of a wide variety of neutrino physics topics of interest and importance to the elementary-particle and nuclear-physics communities.

Game dynamics theory, as a field of science, the consistency of theory and experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics cycle is the presentation. However, the merging works have not got rid of the constraints of Euclidean two-dimensional cycle so far. This paper uses a classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways: (1) the analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2) agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, game dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable and controllable in general.

Recently a new model with hidden variables of the wave type was elaborated, so called prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT). Roughly speaking PCSFT is a classical signal theory applied to a special class of signals -- "quantum systems". PCSFT reproduces successfully all probabilistic predictions of QM, including correlations for entangled systems. This model peacefully coexists with all known no-go theorems, including Bell's theorem. In our approach QM is an approximate model. All probabilistic predictions of QM are only (quite good) approximations of "real physical averages". The latter are averages with respect to fluctuations of prequantum fields. In particular, Born's rule is only an approximate rule. More precise experiments should demonstrate its violation. We present a simple experiment which has to produce statistical data violating Born's rule. Since the PCSFT-presentation of this experiment may be difficult for experimenters, we reformulate consequences of PCSFT in terms of the conventional wave function. In general, deviation from Born's rule is rather small. We found an experiment amplifying this deviation. We start with a toy example in section 2. Then

Novel considerations are presented on the physics, apparatus and accelerator designs for a future, luminous, energy frontier electron-hadron ($eh$) scattering experiment at the LHC in the thirties for which key physics topics and their relation to the hadron-hadron HL-LHC physics programme are discussed. Demands are derived set by these physics topics on the design of the LHeC detector, a corresponding update of which is described. Optimisations on the accelerator design, especially the interaction region (IR), are presented. Initial accelerator considerations indicate that a common IR is possible to be built which alternately could serve $eh$ and $hh$ collisions while other experiments would stay on $hh$ in either condition. A forward-backward symmetrised option of the LHeC detector is sketched which would permit extending the LHeC physics programme to also include aspects of hadron-hadron physics. The vision of a joint $eh$ and $hh$ physics experiment is shown to open new prospects for solving fundamental problems of high energy heavy-ion physics including the partonic structure of nuclei and the emergence of hydrodynamics in quantum field theory while the genuine TeV scale DIS p

We review the current-generation short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments that have firmly established the third neutrino mixing angle $θ_{13}$ to be non-zero. The relative large value of $θ_{13}$ (around 9$^\circ$) has opened many new and exciting opportunities for future neutrino experiments. Daya Bay experiment with the first measurement of $Δm^2_{ee}$ is aiming for a precision measurement of this atmospheric mass-squared splitting with a comparable precision as $Δm^2_{μμ}$ from accelerator muon neutrino experiments. JUNO, a next-generation reactor neutrino experiment, is targeting to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy with medium baselines ($\sim$50 km). Beside these {\color{black} opportunities enabled by the large $θ_{13}$}, the current-generation (Daya Bay, Double Chooz, and RENO) and the next-generation (JUNO, RENO-50, and PROSPECT) reactor experiments, with their unprecedented statistics, are also leading the precision era of the 3-flavor neutrino oscillation physics as well as constraining new physics beyond the neutrino Standard Model.

Different extensions of the standard model of particle physics, such as braneworld or mirror matter models, predict the existence of a neutron sterile state, possibly as a dark matter candidate. This Letter reports a new experimental constraint on the probability $p$ for neutron conversion into a hidden neutron, set by the STEREO experiment at the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin. The limit is $p<3.1\times 10^{-11}$ at $95 \%$ C.L. improving the previous limit by a factor 13. This result demonstrates that short-baseline neutrino experiments can be used as competitive passing-through-walls neutron experiments to search for hidden neutrons.

The NA61/SHINE experiment is a fixed-target, broad acceptance facility at the CERN SPS. This contribution summarizes the most recent results from the strong interactions NA61/SHINE programme and presents news on the detector upgrade in preparation for the future data taking. The strong interactions programme consists in a two-dimensional scan in beam momentum (from 13A to 150A/158A GeV/c, \sqrt{s_{NN}} from 5.1 to 17.3 GeV) and system size (p + p, Be + Be, Ar + Sc, Xe + La reactions). The experiment searches for the second-order critical end-point in the temperature versus baryo-chemical potential phase diagram and studies the properties of the onset of deconfinement discovered by its predecessor, NA49 at the CERN SPS. The presented results include K/π multiplicity ratios as a function of energy and system size, singly and multi-strange hadron production in p + p reactions, multiplicity and net-charge fluctuations measured by higher order moments in p + p, Be + Be and Ar + Sc collisions, proton and charged hadron intermittency in Ar + Sc and Pb + Pb reactions, HBT measurements in Ar + Sc and collective electromagnetic effects in Ar + Sc collisions.

The last unknown neutrino mixing angle $θ_{13}$ is one of the fundamental parameters of nature; it is also a crucial parameter for determining the sensitivity of future long-baseline experiments aimed to study CP violation in the neutrino sector. Daya Bay is a reactor neutrino oscillation experiment designed to achieve a sensitivity on the value of $sin^2(2θ_{13})$ to better than 0.01 at 90% CL. The experiment consists of multiple identical detectors placed underground at different baselines to minimize systematic errors and suppress cosmogenic backgrounds. With the baseline design, the expected anti-neutrino signal at the far site is about 360 events per day and at each of the near sites is about 1500 events per day. An overview and current status of the experiment will be presented.