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Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) has become an increasing public health burden, particularly in Chile. Non-smoked cannabis formats and products have been independently associated with CUD but remain understudied in the region. This study compares CUD severity among individuals aged 12 to 65 in Chile who consume cannabis via edibles, vaporization or both versus those who exclusively smoke it. We obtained secondary data from three waves of the Chilean National Survey on Drugs in the General Population (ENPG), a three-stage stratified probabilistic sampling design study conducted in 2020, 2022, and 2024. Our pooled cross-sectional sample included individuals (n = 3543) who reported cannabis use in vaped, edible, both vaped and edible or exclusively smoked format in the past 12 months. We used a partial proportional odds model to estimate the association between CUD severity and consumption formats. Cannabis vaping group showed higher odds of presenting at least mild CUD (OR = 6.21 [95% CI: 3.75-10.3]), as did the edible group (OR = 1.73 [95% CI: 1.08-2.78]) and both group (OR = 5.92 [95% CI: 2.72-12.87]), compared to exclusive smokers. However, only the vaped group demonstrated higher odds for all severity levels. Compared with exclusive smokers, users of vaporizers and/or edibles showed a stronger association with CUD. This association may be explained by consumption patterns and total THC exposure. Further research is needed to characterize the average THC exposure by consumption format, acknowledging contextual confounders such as the legal framework.

Alcohol-induced blackouts (AIBs) are a common and serious consequence of drinking in young adults. AIBs are associated with experiencing increased alcohol-related consequences. To inform efforts to reduce alcohol-related harms on especially risky drinking days that result in AIBs, we sought to identify contextual factors that contribute to excess AIB-associated harms. This study aims to (1) examine relationships between AIBs and four consequence domains; and (2) explore how these relationships differ by social context and location. Young adults (N = 175, 52.6% female, 86.9% White, Mage = 20.8) with recent heavy drinking and AIBs wore alcohol sensors and completed surveys about their consequences (including AIBs) and the social context and locations in which drinking occurred over six weekends. Four consequence domains included positive (reflective of desired alcohol expectancies), common (relatively acute, low potential for personal harm), uncommon (relatively serious, i.e., sexual, legal, great potential for personal harm), and alcohol-related problems (related to impaired control and physical dependence). Multilevel structural equation models were conducted to test for main effects of AIBs and moderating effects of contextual factors. AIBs were significantly associated with experiencing 15% more positive consequences, 205% more common consequences, 367% more uncommon consequences, and 166% more alcohol-related problems. AIBs were more strongly associated with common consequences and alcohol-related problems when drinking occurred exclusively with family, friend(s), and/or a romantic partner (vs. with a large group). AIBs were also more strongly associated with common consequences when drinking took place exclusively at a residential location (vs. non-residential). No other significant moderating effects were observed. Days with an AIB were associated with experiencing significantly more positive and negative alcohol-related consequences compared to days without an AIB. Our findings support the notion that the context in which drinking occurs is an important consideration for reducing alcohol-related harms.

Postpartum care and breastfeeding are crucial for the health and development of both mother and baby. The World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund advocate for exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, supported by evidence highlighting its benefits for infants, mothers, and society. However, mothers of preterm infants face unique challenges, including medical complications, increased nutritional needs, and significant stress. The objective of this review was to review and synthesize evidence on the role of partner support in breastfeeding success among mothers of preterm infants. The research and standard data extraction were performed in English. Identifying articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane published between January 2011 and August 2024. The articles that had the information about the role of partner support in breastfeeding among mothers of preterm infants were included. The main keywords used in the search included breastfeeding, social support, fathers, infant, premature, lactation, and mother. We summarized the information from 18 various sources including research articles, review papers, and other publications. Partner support significantly enhances breastfeeding success among mothers of preterm infants by providing emotional encouragement, practical help, and active involvement in breastfeeding. Fathers' inclusion and education improve their confidence, which strengthens maternal self-efficacy and reduces stress, ultimately promoting longer and more exclusive breastfeeding. Partner support is pivotal in improving breastfeeding outcomes among preterm infants. Emotional support boosts maternal confidence and reduces stress, practical assistance alleviates the maternal burden, and informational support enhances breastfeeding knowledge. Tailored educational programs, support groups, and narrative healthcare training are essential for maximizing partner involvement.

To compare the rate of tolerance acquisition in Mexican infants with IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy, fed according to three dietary regimens. A retrospective, observational cohort study was conducted on infants diagnosed with cow's milk protein allergy between 1 and 3 months of age, divided into three groups according to their feeding regimen: 1) exclusive breastfeeding with an elimination diet, 2) amino acid-based formula, and 3) hydrolyzed rice formula. Clinical characteristics, wheal size in skin prick tests against casein, alpha-lactalbumin, and beta-lactoglobulin, adherence to treatment, and coexisting allergic comorbidities were evaluated. Tolerance acquisition was determined by an open oral challenge test with whole milk after 12 months on an elimination diet. Comparative analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify associated factors. 285 infants were selected and assigned to one of three study groups (n = 95 per group). 62.1% achieved clinical tolerance at the end of the follow-up period. The highest proportion was observed in the exclusive breastfeeding group (78.9%), followed by the amino acid-based formula group (68.4%) and the hydrolyzed rice formula group (65.3%), with no statistically significant differences between the regimens (p = 0.094). Adherence to the dietary treatment was significantly associated with the acquisition of tolerance in the multivariate model, while allergic comorbidities were associated with a lower probability of clinical cure. The elimination diet is associated with the acquisition of tolerance in a considerable proportion of infants with IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy. Although no superiority was identified among the dietary regimens, the findings suggest that adherence to treatment plays a determining role in clinical outcomes and should be considered a central component in the management of the disease. Comparar la tasa de adquisición de tolerancia en lactantes mexicanos con alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca mediada por IgE, alimentados con tres esquemas dietéticos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de tipo cohorte, efectuado en lactantes diagnosticados con alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca entre 1 y 3 meses de edad, distribuidos en tres grupos según el esquema de alimentación: 1) lactancia materna exclusiva con dieta materna de eliminación, 2) fórmula con aminoácidos y 3) fórmula hidrolizada de arroz. Se evaluaron las características clínicas, tamaño del habón en las pruebas cutáneas frente a caseína, alfa-lactoalbúmina y beta-lactoglobulina, apego al tratamiento y coexistencia de comorbilidades alérgicas. La adquisición de tolerancia se determinó mediante la prueba de provocación oral abierta con leche entera después de 12 meses de dieta de eliminación. Se realizaron análisis comparativos y regresión logística multivariada para identificar los factores asociados. Se seleccionaron 285, asignados a uno de los tres grupos de estudio (n = 95 por grupo). El 62.1% tuvo tolerancia clínica al final del seguimiento. La mayor proporción se observó en el grupo de lactancia materna exclusiva (78.9%), seguido de fórmula con aminoácidos (68.4%) y fórmula hidrolizada de arroz (65.3 %), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los esquemas (p = 0.094). El apego al tratamiento dietético se asoció significativamente con la adquisición de tolerancia en el modelo multivariado, mientras que las comorbilidades alérgicas se relacionaron con menor probabilidad de curación clínica. La dieta de eliminación se asocia con adquisición de tolerancia en una proporción considerable de lactantes con alergia a la proteína de leche de vaca mediada por IgE. Aunque no se identificó superioridad entre los esquemas dietéticos, los hallazgos sugieren que el apego al tratamiento desempeña un papel determinante en la evolución clínica y debe considerarse un componente central en el tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Species evolution has long been associated exclusively with vertical gene transfer, making genetic variability a result of recombination and spontaneous mutations. Although long considered exclusive to prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), plays an important evolutionary role even in complex eukaryotic lineages. This process can generate novel functions in the host, proving evolutionary paths not predicted by vertical inheritance. This review highlights how HGT has significantly shaped the genome evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, providing key traits relevant to fermentation processes. HGT events from bacteria, alongside introgression from other yeasts, contribute to the genetic diversity and specific adaptations seen in domesticated strains of S. cerevisiae, distinguishing them from wild relatives and influencing their industrial utility. Here we report how the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the subsequent flood of genomic data, have fundamentally accelerated the discovery and analysis of HGT events across all domains of life. The sheer volume of NGS data has driven the development of sophisticated bioinformatics tools and algorithms specifically designed to detect the phylogenetic and compositional signatures of HGT. We also discuss how detecting HGT events helps to understand yeast genome plasticity and to identify useful "foreign" DNA, which can then be manipulated to create novel yeast strains with enhanced fermentation performance, flavour profiles, or stress tolerance.

In most bacteria, peptidoglycan contains mainly 4-3 crosslinks formed by penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). But in the opportunistic pathogen Clostridioides difficile , 70% of the crosslinks are 3-3 crosslinks formed by L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs), and LDTs are essential for viability. PBPs and LDTs use different acyl donors for crosslinking; PBPs require a pentapeptide, while LDTs require a tetrapeptide. Here, we determined the source of the tetrapeptides in C. difficile and investigated the consequences of reengineering PG crosslinking from predominantly 3-3 to exclusively 4-3. We found that two D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases (DD-CPase), DacA and DacC, supply LDTs with tetrapeptides during vegetative growth. Deleting these enzymes was sufficient to bypass the normal requirement for LDTs. The resulting mutant (Δ dacAC Δ ldt ) was remarkably healthy despite the absence of 3-3 crosslinks. Its only major phenotypic defect was a 3- to 4-log decrease in sporulation, which could, however, be overcome by deleting a third DD-CPase, dacB . These findings fill gaps in our understanding of the pathway for LD-transpeptidation in C. difficile and imply that LDTs are not essential components of the elongasome or divisome, both of which function well in the complete absence of LDTs, provided there is sufficient pentapeptide to sustain crosslinking by PBPs. Thus, LDTs are essential for viability because C. difficile has intrinsically high levels of DD-CPase activity. Finally, we propose a model for how PBPs and LDTs work together during PG synthesis. In this model, PBPs construct a sparsely crosslinked PG sacculus that is subsequently strengthened with crosslinks introduced by LDTs. Synthesis of peptidoglycan (PG) in the opportunistic gut pathogen Clostridioides difficile depends mostly on 3-3 crosslinks created by L,D-transpeptidases (LDTs). Here we converted C. difficile from an organism that relies primarily on 3-3 crosslinks made by LDTs to one that relies exclusively on 4-3 crosslinks made by an alternative family of crosslinking enzymes, the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Our findings explain why 3-3 crosslinking predominates over 4-3 crosslinking, why C. difficile does not compensate for loss of LDTs by increasing PBP activity, and suggest a model for how PBPs and LDTs work together in this problematic pathogen.

Despite decades of study, MYC's physiological role in adult tissues remains obscured by the models used to investigate it. Most work relies almost exclusively on chronic or constitutive MYC induction that recapitulates the sustained activity found in tumorigenesis and expectedly produces pathological outcomes. What has gone largely untested is how MYC operates when induced in a controlled and physiologically relevant manner, as it is during adaptive processes such as exercise. Using a recombination-independent strategy in adult skeletal muscle, transient MYC bursts drive coordinated hypertrophic-metabolic reprogramming followed by a shift in myosin fiber type, recapitulating adaptations characteristic of concurrent endurance and resistance training. A single pleiotropic transcription factor governing several aspects of muscle health reframes perspectives on a gene understood almost entirely in the context of pathology. We uncover a previously unrecognized muscle-specific role for MYC in controlling muscle cell composition and present a multi-timepoint multi-omic resource for interrogating MYC: data.myoanalytics.com/study/myc_transient/gene.

Increases in humeral retroversion have been suggested to result from certain shoulder activities, especially throwing. Could retroversion also increase as a result of other upper extremity activities in addition to throwing? It was the purpose of this study to investigate humeral retroversion in the Nubian Tombos population (1400656 BCE) and correlate retroversion with entheseal changes which are used as an assessment of physical activity. Humeral retroversion was measured from photographs. Two photographs were used to define angles from the bony landmarks relative to the table surface, one directly superior to inferior, and one directly inferior to superior. From these photographs the skew humeral head and transepicondylar axes lines were drawn relative to the table plane, from which the axis/table plane angle was measured using ImageJ software. From these two angles the final retroversion was calculated. All lines were drawn by one senior orthopedic surgeon. Upper extremity entheseal scores, taken from a previous Tombos study using the same remains, were grouped as very low, low, high, and very high. Sex was estimated using standard archaeological protocols. Age at death was evaluated using transition analysis, and was grouped as 1524, 2534, 3549, 5069, and = 70 years old. There were 121 complete humeri available for study (61 right and 60 left). The average retroversion was 20 ° ± 10 °, and was 17.5 ° ± 9.6 °, 22.3 ° ± 8.7 °, 26.5 ° ± 11.8 °, 22.2 ° ± 5.9 ° for the very low, low, high, and very high entheseal score groups respectively (p = = 0.041). Those = 70 years old had a large number in the low entheseal score group while those 35 to 49 years old had the greatest number in the very high entheseal score group (p = 0.000001). There were no differences by sex, laterality, age, or burial cemetery. We hypothesize that those who were able to live to old age were better resourced with lower physical demands than other members of the community and thus developed less retroversion. Our results also indirectly support the postulate that an increase in general upper extremity physical activity may result in increased retroversion, and not exclusively due to throwing activities.

A convenient synthesis of spiro-fused cyclohexadienones/pyrrolizines from pyrrolyl ynones and p-quinone methides through a base-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/ipso-cyclization tandem reaction is described. The protocols feature good substrate tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and high yields of target products. The problem of reaction stereoselectivity raised during the scope study is easily solved by employing a one-pot, two-step approach that allows directing the reaction sequence to obtain the desired products exclusively with the (Z)-configuration of the enone moiety. A tentative reaction mechanism is proposed with the support of experimental studies.

A cross-sectional study across 80 Anganwadi centres in Kolhan, Jharkhand, involving 146 participants (80 Anganwadi Workers, 27 pregnant women, and 39 lactating mothers), found that while take-home ration (THR) was universally distributed, only 42% of it was consumed exclusively by beneficiaries. Dietary shifts toward packaged foods, erosion of traditional practices, and limited THR awareness emerged as key barriers. Locally co-developed recipe books, training of 4600 Sahayikas, and live demonstrations during Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Days and Annaprashan events improved THR adoption. Findings suggest that integrating indigenous food knowledge with frontline capacity-building can enhance the effectiveness of government nutrition programs in tribal areas.

Mechanical ventilation is a core life-support technique in intensive care units (ICUs), but it can easily induce ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD) in the early stage of mechanical ventilation (within 24&#x202f;h). VIDD is defined as new-onset diaphragm dysfunction caused by mechanical ventilation, and diaphragm ultrasound is the gold standard for its diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the risk factors of early VIDD in mechanically ventilated patients and construct a temporally validated risk prediction model using clinical baseline indicators. A prospective study was conducted on 470 mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to the ICU of Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital from May 2024 to May 2025. Patients were divided into a modeling group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;328) and a temporal validation group (n&#x202f;=&#x202f;142) at a 7:3 ratio. VIDD was diagnosed by the simultaneous fulfillment of three ultrasound indicators (AND logic): diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi)&#x202f;<&#x202f;20%, diaphragm excursion(DE)&#x202f;<&#x202f;1&#x202f;cm, and diaphragm thickness(Tdi)&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.2&#x202f;cm. These ultrasound indicators served exclusively as the outcome diagnostic criteria, not as predictive variables. Based on the incidence of VIDD, patients were categorized into VIDD and non-VIDD groups. In total, 34 potential predictive variables were collected, including general data, mechanical ventilation-related parameters, medication use, treatment methods, laboratory test indicators, and relevant rating scales. Independent risk factors were identified via Lasso regression directly without univariate pre-screening, followed by multivariate logistic regression. R software was applied to construct a nomogram model. The discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical validity of the prediction model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Among 328 patients in the modeling group, 160 developed VIDD, with an incidence rate of 48.78%. Independent risk factors for VIDD included complicated sepsis, controlled mechanical ventilation mode, Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) score &#x2264;&#x202f;-&#x202f;4, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score >20, and complicated intra-abdominal hypertension (IAP&#x202f;&#x2265;&#x202f;16&#x202f;mmHg) (all p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). No diaphragm ultrasound-derived indicators were included in the final model, as they were used for outcome diagnosis rather than predictive variables. The nomogram model constructed based on the above factors indicated an AUC of 0.820 (95% CI: 0.775&#x202f;~&#x202f;0.865) in the modeling group, with a Youden index of 0.514, a sensitivity of 0.806 (0.745, 0.867), and a specificity of 0.708 (0.640, 0.777). The AUC of the temporal validation group was 0.816 (95% CI: 0.748&#x202f;~&#x202f;0.885), with a Youden index of 0.564, a sensitivity of 0.783 (0.685, 0.880), and a specificity of 0.781 (0.686, 0.876), suggesting excellent discriminative ability and favorable external stability of the model. In the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (modeling group: &#x3c7; 2&#x202f;=&#x202f;4.957, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.549; validation group: &#x3c7; 2&#x202f;=&#x202f;8.431, p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.208), the calibration curve indicated a high degree of agreement between the predicted values and the actual values. The DCA threshold probabilities of the model were 0.11-0.88 and 0.13-0.77 in the modeling and validation groups, respectively, suggesting a wide range of beneficial thresholds and good clinical validity. The nomogram model constructed based on the five risk factors exhibited favorable efficacy for predicting early VIDD. Therefore, the model can be applied as a convenient quantitative tool for the early identification of high-risk patients in clinical practice.

Aggregate biodiversity metrics frequently mask profound structural shifts in human-modified savannahs, creating a persistent paradox where apparent ecological stability conceals severe community reorganization and functional degradation. To resolve this tension in the Sudanese savannah of North Cameroon, systematic sampling of 4,166 individuals across 68 species quantified avian responses to landscape conversion into Mixed Rural Habitats, Rice Paddies, and Annual Crop Fields. Although aggregate species richness and abundance remained invariant across these land-use types, pairwise comparisons confirmed that each habitat supports a distinct avian signature, driving systematic community turnover rather than taxonomic attrition. Community identity partitioned decisively by land-use, with Annual Crop Fields supporting 39.7% of unique species, Rice Paddies at 26.5%, and Mixed Rural Habitats at 7.4%. Furthermore, 13.23% of recorded species were exclusively restricted to these agricultural systems, establishing land-use type as a statistically significant predictor of community assembly and confirming that each habitat contributes a unique structural component to the regional species pool. Functional organization mirrored this targeted reconfiguration; while most feeding guilds exhibited resilience to modification, Aquatic predator and Omnivore abundances proved highly sensitive to land-use variation, identifying these specific guilds as critical functional sentinels of anthropogenic disturbance. Ultimately, these dynamics fundamentally reframe the conservation value of agricultural savannahs, shifting the primary metric of success from gross species counts to the preservation of compositional turnover and functional integrity. The persistence of these diverse assemblages remains strictly contingent upon the structural complexity of the land-use mosaic rather than the mere localized absence of human activity. Consequently, effective conservation in the Sudano-Sahelian biome necessitates management frameworks that transcend simple habitat preservation to actively integrate native vegetation within productive agricultural systems, ensuring that unchecked agricultural expansion does not precipitate silent functional homogenization across the rapidly transforming African tropics.

A large number of epidemiological cohort studies have evaluated radiation risks at low doses; however, the applicability of the linear no-threshold model to the low-dose range (LDR) remains an unresolved issue. This study argues that conventional statistical methods used in cohort analyses may not be suitable for assessing radiation effects in the LDR. Major limitations include the use of broad attained-age stratification, the dominance of high-dose observations in single-model regression, and inconsistent treatment of strongly correlated confounders such as smoking.&#xD;To address these limitations, we propose improved statistical procedures optimized for the LDR and apply them to the publicly available dataset of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation's Life Span Study (LSS-2009). The proposed method derives baseline estimates exclusively from non-exposed groups, excludes individuals of unknown smoking status, and varies the upper boundary of the LDR while maintaining fixed baseline coefficients.&#xD;Under these analytical conditions, the excess relative risk coefficient appears to change sign within a certain dose range, which may suggest the possibility of threshold-like behavior.&#xD;Even within the constraints of limited data, the present analysis indicates that adopting alternative analytical perspectives may allow such patterns to emerge. These findings suggest the importance of making additional datasets available and encouraging broader examination by the research community, so that conclusions can be refined through open and collective scientific discussion.&#xD.

Skin-to-skin contact for pain (SSCP) has been recommended as a pain management strategy broadly for infants but no systematic reviews have focused exclusively on the youngest of preterm infants. These infants are subjected to increased number of painful procedures over longer hospitalizations, are less physiologically stable, and may have more fragile skin integrity than older preterm infants. Thus, the objective of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis to examine the effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact for pain in younger preterm infants. Four pain-related distress outcomes (Premature Infant Pain Profile/Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised [PIPP/PIPP-R], cry duration, heart rate, oxygen saturation), across four time points surrounding an acutely painful procedure (pre-procedure [baseline], during procedure, within 2-minutes post-procedure, greater than 2-minutes post procedure) were examined. Twenty-four studies were included in our review. In our meta-analyses, SSCP showed mixed evidence of significantly reduced pain-related outcomes, but the magnitude of the effects varied significantly according to outcome and time point. Our narrative syntheses examined heterogeneous, 'non-standard care' comparisons. Results suggest SSCP may not provide better pain management than sweet-tasting solutions. Overall, the certainty of the evidence base, using GRADE criteria, ranged from very low to low. Certainty was downgraded due to small numbers of studies, heterogeneity among studies, and poor reporting. These findings call for better quality trials. This extremely vulnerable group deserves special attention as the evidence is unclear about the benefits of SSCP, a critical pain management intervention for infants of a higher gestational age. REGISTRATION: INPLASY protocol 202470099 (doi:10.37766/inplasy2024.7.0099). PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact for pain in younger preterm infants across four time points and four outcomes. The certainty of our findings was downgraded due to small numbers of studies, heterogeneity in study methodology, and biased methodologies, calling for better quality trials.

Limitations of conventional wound dressings have spurred the exploration of regenerative biomaterials capable of actively promoting tissue repair. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is emerging as a low-cost, biocompatible scaffold with significant potential in advanced wound care applications. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ESM-based wound dressings in enhancing the wound-healing process. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Comprehensive searches were performed across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, covering all records up to 22 June 2024. Only English-language studies investigating eggshell membrane as a wound care biomaterial were included. Study selection adhered to predefined eligibility and inclusion criteria. From 599 identified records, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies involved in vivo experiments (eight in rats, three in rabbits, three in mice, and one in murine models), with ten also incorporating in vitro analyses. Eight studies were exclusively in vitro. Overall, 15 studies used in vivo methods and 18 utilized in vitro approaches. ESM-based wound dressings consistently demonstrated promising outcomes, accelerating wound repair and tissue regeneration, and often outperforming untreated controls or conventional gauze dressings. A meta-analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity in study designs, experimental models, and outcome measures. This review highlights the considerable potential of eggshell membrane-based dressings as regenerative biomaterials for the management of complex wounds. While ESM shows strong promise as a scaffold for wound healing, further standardized and clinically focused research is necessary to establish robust evidence supporting its translational and therapeutic applications. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420260551038, identifier CRD420260551038.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a zoonotic pathogen that has been recovered from a variety of companion, production, laboratory, wildlife and avian species. The prevalence of this bacterium varies geographically but is generally considered widespread within the terrestrial environment with human exposure principally by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Pseudotuberculosis, due to Y. pseudotuberculosis, is a common cause of mortality in captive exotic birds and mammals and, according to the OIE WAHIS-Wild Interface, is the 8th most frequently reported disease/infection for all wildlife worldwide and the 5th in wild mammals. This report increases the number of recognized species susceptible to pseudotuberculosis and expands the environmental distribution of this bacterium into the marine habitat with four Y. pseudotuberculosis culture-positive cases in three odontocete species, including three from the North Sea and one from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. This case series is the first to report pseudotuberculosis in mammals that reside exclusively in the marine habitat. At present, there is insufficient information on the natural history of Y. pseudotuberculosis and marine mammal infections to infer whether exposure was due to terrestrial contamination of water courses or, alternatively, the bacterium persisting within the marine environment.

Most thyroid cancers are initiated by alterations activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and progress via additional genomic events. Because papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally has a favorable prognosis and rarely advances, knowledge about later-acquired genomic alterations and their impact on prognosis is limited. This study is a real-world database study using a nationwide database that contains clinical data and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) test results. We investigated gene alterations and their impact on prognosis in advanced PTC. The study included 322 patients with advanced papillary carcinoma who underwent CGP tests for drug selection between June 2019 and April 2024. Metastases were present in 96% of cases, and 70% received systemic therapy. The most common genomic abnormalities were mutations in the TERT promoter and BRAF. BRAF alterations were mutually exclusive with RBM10 and other MAPK pathway genes such as RET, NRAS, and NTRK1, but co-occurred with TERT and AKT1. The MAPK pathway had the highest frequency of alterations (96%), followed by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; 23%), cell cycle (13%), and p53 (11%) pathways. Survival analysis showed that alterations in PTEN and CDKN2A were independent poor prognostic factors. Patients harboring alterations in the PI3K or cell cycle pathway showed significantly shorter overall survival. Our study clarified the frequency, co-occurrence, and exclusivity of gene alterations in advanced PTC. Alterations in the PI3K or cell cycle pathways are linked to poor prognosis, and therapies targeting these pathways may warrant further investigation.

Recent advances in transfusion medicine are transforming donated blood into a versatile source for a new generation of therapeutic products. This narrative review summarizes emerging innovations across plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, donor stem cells, and cord blood. Developments in plasma technology, including dried plasma, isoagglutinin-depleted universal plasma, and protein-derived products aim to enhance safety, stability, and clinical applicability. RBC innovations focus on improved preservation, engineered or artificial oxygen carriers, extracellular vesicle-based products, and strategies for producing universal blood cells. Platelet-derived products such as platelet-rich plasma, platelet lysates, and platelet extracellular vesicles are expanding applications beyond hemostasis into regenerative medicine. Advances in donor stem cell technologies offer new pathways for scalable, donor-independent production of blood cells. Additionally, cord blood (CB)-derived red cells represent a promising new product with unique biological properties. Together, these developments illustrate a shift toward more engineered, customizable, and sustainable blood-derived therapeutics, with the potential to address clinical needs unmet by traditional transfusion components. Donated blood is no longer used only as standard transfusion components but is increasingly being developed into new types of therapies. This review explains recent progress in turning plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, donor stem cells, and cord blood into more advanced medical products. New plasma technologies, including dried and &#x201c;universal&#x201d; plasma, are designed to be safer, more stable, and easier to use in many clinical situations. RBC research aims to improve storage, create universal blood cells, and develop products that can carry oxygen or deliver cell-derived signals in more targeted ways. Platelet-based products, such as platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysates, are now widely explored for tissue repair and regenerative treatments rather than exclusively for stopping bleeding. Donor stem cell technologies and cord blood-derived red cells open possibilities for producing blood cells in a scalable way that is less dependent on continuous donations. Overall, these developments point toward more precisely engineered and sustainable blood-derived therapies that may meet clinical needs beyond what traditional transfusions can offer.

The NAD&#x207a;-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) is known to regulate the tumor suppressor p53 via deacetylation, but the structural basis of the protein-protein interaction between full-length p53 and Sirt1 has so far remained elusive. We apply an integrated approach, combining structural mass spectrometry (MS) with data-driven molecular docking, to study the interaction between human p53 and Sirt1. Sirt1 was found to bind exclusively to acetylated p53 forming complexes with a 1:1 stoichiometry, irrespectively of p53's oligomeric state. The lysine residue at position 382 (K382) in p53 was identified as predominant acetylation site showing a selective Sirt1-dependent deacetylation at this position. Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) provided valuable distance constraints between p53 and Sirt1. Specifically, cross-links created between p53-K382 / Sirt1-K427 and p53-K120 / Sirt1-K622 give hints on a highly flexible interface. Molecular docking was conducted based on the distance constraints imposed by the cross-links, positioning Sirt1 at the DNA-binding and tetramerization domains of p53. This gives a rationale for a steric exclusion of additional Sirt1 molecules binding to p53. We present the first structural model of the full-length p53:Sirt1 (1:1) complex, establishing a mechanistic framework that links p53 activity to its Sirt1-controlled acetylation status.