Indigenous societies have long relied on indigenous environmental knowledge (IEK) to guide their interactions with their surrounding environment. This kind of knowledge is exclusive to a given society and is passed down from elders to their youth through folktales, oral traditions, beliefs, culture, and social and spiritual gatherings. The objective of this study is to assess the role of the indigenous environmental knowledge possessed by the Gujii community in the management of natural resources, as well as to explore the challenges associated with the practical application of this knowledge within the community. The study employed a qualitative research approach. A total of 20 knowledgeable elders were taken as sample respondents by purposive sampling based on their expertise in IEK. Guji people have devised rages of IEK that they have been using for the conservation of natural resource tribulations. This includes spiritual, customary laws and beliefs that they use for forest, wild animal, soil and water management. Customary laws like Gadaa, fear of Woyyuu (sacredness) and Qaalluu are all significantly helping Gujii people in natural resource management. However, there are several challenges reducing the potential utilization of this knowledge. The limited understanding and recognition of IEK among non-indigenous groups obstruct its integration into contemporary resource management systems. Additionally, the absence of systematic documentation creates obstacles in assessing its relevance and effectiveness in current contexts. Currently, these valuable Indigenous and Ethnic Knowledge (IEK) are at risk of being lost due to factors such as religious pressures, modernization, poor documentation, and neglect by educated individuals. Thus, this situation calls for intervention by policymakers and professionals to integrate IEK into a science and technology-driven development framework.
Mud volcanism acts as a natural conduit for transporting deep geological materials, saline fluids, and naturally occurring radionuclides to the surface, potentially generating complex environmental hazards. Despite extensive research on the geochemistry of mud volcanoes, the role of particle-size-dependent processes in controlling radionuclide mobility and exposure risk remains insufficiently understood. This study presents an integrated physicochemical and radiological investigation of slurry samples collected from the Wandan mud volcano in southern Taiwan. Particle-size analysis demonstrates that the slurry is dominated by fine-grained materials that are highly susceptible to aeolian and hydrological transport, thereby serving as primary vectors for contaminant dispersion. Further, the slurry is highly alkaline (pH 9.81 ± 0.28) with elevated electrical conductivity (4.10 ± 0.35 mS cm-1), indicating a chemically hostile environment capable of inducing soil salinization and agricultural stress. Radiological measurements reveal a pronounced inverse correlation between particle size and radionuclide activity, with the finest fraction (<0.061 mm) showing substantially higher activities of natural radionuclides of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra compared with coarser sediments. This enrichment is attributed to surface-controlled adsorption mechanisms, whereby fine silt-clay particles with high specific surface areas, efficiently scavenge radionuclide cations during slurry ascent. Although bulk hazard indices remain below international safety thresholds, particle-specific lifetime cancer risk exceeds the global average, revealing a critical exposure pathway that conventional bulk assessments may overlook. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that fine particles function not only as the most mobile fraction, but also as dominant carriers of radiological risk. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating particle-size-resolved analyses into environmental risk frameworks to improve hazard prediction and land management strategies in mud-volcanic regions.
Consistent with humans and other metazoans, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) undergoes progressive structural and functional decline during aging. Possessing highly conserved genetic pathways that share extensive homology with human genes, and characterized by a streamlined, fully mapped connectome, C. elegans has emerged as a robust model for dissecting the mechanisms underlying neuronal aging and degeneration. In this review, we summarize the intrinsic advantages of C. elegans as a model organism, highlighting its readily quantifiable behavioral phenotypes, short lifespan, and genetic tractability. We elaborate on its foundational neural communication architecture and its unique utility in constructing molecular models of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we explore the integration of this model system with high-throughput pharmacological screening, environmental toxicology evaluations, and advanced genomic sequencing technologies. Ultimately, this synthesis aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative mechanisms and facilitating clinical translation under specific stress conditions, particularly hypoxia.
In this review, we emphasize on ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) utilized in environmental and analytical chemistry for separation and sensing purposes in contrast to their binary counterparts, known as simple deep eutectic solvents (DESs). To ensure food security, high water quality, and environmental protection from the current industrialized era of the twenty-first century, it is of utmost importance to determine and separate effluents, pollutants, or any undesired materials in our related day-to-day utilities, foods, or nature using a more efficient and green separating media or sensor. For this reason, there is no better choice for an analytical chemist to design and use hybrid and natural ternary deep eutectic solvents, with enhanced physicochemical properties. Since the discovery of simple binary DESs, they have been applied in sensing and separation sciences, but the invention of ternary deep eutectic solvents has made them a more interesting and suitable candidate for the development of separation or sensor methodologies based on TDESs. Furthermore, we explore TDES structure-property relationships, showing how the choice of components dictates macroscopic properties. This molecular-level understanding facilitates the rational design of tailored solvents for analytical applications. This review consolidates recent advances in TDES-based sensing and separation to support future research.
Lead (Pb) is one of the most prevalent environmental toxicants and is of great concern due to its adverse effects. Despite lead's oxidative properties, studies on the transgenerational effects of paternal Pb exposure remain inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate these effects on oxidative stress and the expression of specific genes using the D. melanogaster model. Male fruit flies were fed a normal diet supplemented with lead acetate as the Pb source for 20 consecutive days. The Pb-exposed males were mated with unexposed females, producing F1 offspring. F1 flies were fed a normal diet, and then bred to produce F2; F3 was produced from F2. All F1-F3 generations were kept on a normal diet, with no Pb exposure. Antioxidant parameters, including vitamins A, C, and E; reduced glutathione (GSH); catalase; superoxide dismutase (SOD); malondialdehyde (MDA); and the expression of CAT and SOD1 mRNA, were evaluated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in antioxidant vitamin levels, GSH content, and catalase and SOD activities across F1-F3 due to exposure to the grandparent (F0). Similarly, a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in MDA levels was observed across the F1-F3 generations due to exposure of the F0 generation. Significant down-regulation of the antioxidant genes CAT and SOD1 was also detected. The findings indicate persistent transgenerational alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant gene expression resulting from paternal Pb exposure. This underscores the importance of studying multiple generations to assess the health and environmental risks posed by pollutants.
Schistosomiasis japonica is a parasitic disease leading to liver cirrhosis. China's "fishermen going ashore" policy divides patients with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis into two groups: those near the infected waters and those inland far from the infected water. This study aims to compare the differences in intestinal flora between two groups from the perspective of intestinal flora, and provide a basis for future prevention and control priorities. This study collected feces and basic information of patients with Schistosoma japonicum cirrhosis living near infected water and living on land. The characteristics of intestinal flora of the two types of patients were compared by 16sRNA sequencing technology. The infected water contact group and the terrestrial living group showed significant differences in intestinal flora characteristics: the former showed dominance of Firmicutes, high α-diversity, enrichment of butyrate-producing bacteria (such as Blautia), and enhanced environmental adaptability; the latter showed an imbalanced state with increased Proteobacteria and reduced α-diversity, accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism and barrier function damage.
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) represent an escalating global threat due to their ability to produce a wide range of potent cyanotoxins that threaten aquatic ecosystems, drinking water safety and public health. While eutrophication has long been recognized as a primary driver of bloom formation, increasing evidence suggests that climate change acts as a critical catalyst influencing not only bloom frequency and intensity but also toxin diversity and regulation. However, the mechanistic pathways through which climate-associated abiotic stressors regulate cyanotoxin biosynthesis remain insufficiently resolved. This review critically synthesizes current knowledge on how key environmental drivers, including rising temperatures, elevated CO₂ concentrations, nutrient enrichment, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and hydrological variability regulate toxin production at physiological and molecular levels. Evidence supports that temperature influences toxin biosynthesis through complex regulation of gene expression, while elevated CO₂ has been proposed to alter intracellular carbon allocation and may shift toxin composition towards more bioactive variants. Nutrient availability, particularly nitrogen, modulates toxin synthesis through global regulatory networks such as NtcA in Microcystis, whereas UV radiation induces oxidative stress responses have been hypothesized to be linked to toxin release through programmed cell death pathways. Importantly, this review emphasizes that these stressors rarely act in isolation; instead, their interaction can produce synergetic or antagonistic effects that fundamentally reshape bloom toxicity. A key contribution of this review is the identification of persistent inconsistencies across studies, particularly regarding per-cell toxin quota responses under different environmental conditions. By integrating molecular mechanisms with ecological observations, this review provides a more nuanced framework for understanding how climate change drives cyanotoxin dynamics. Such mechanistic understanding is essential for improving predictive models of bloom risk and developing adaptive management strategies to mitigate the growing threats posed by cHABs under future climate scenarios.
This study investigated the capacity of Clostridium butyricum CB-a, a novel environmental isolate with unique ecological adaptability, to restore host-microbiome homeostasis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine model of intestinal dysbiosis. Integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics revealed that CB-a (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL, administered orally) fundamentally restructured the colonic microbial architecture. Specifically, it enriched beneficial, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing consortia (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella) while suppressing opportunistic pathobionts (Escherichia-Shigella) and mitigating excessive mucin-degrading bacteria (Akkermansia). This ecological shift was accompanied by a pronounced metabolic reconfiguration, highlighted by the significant restoration of fecal SCFA pools, predominantly butyrate (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, multi-omics correlation potential that the CB-a-driven microbial remodeling alleviates mucosal inflammation through SCFA-linked host-microbe signaling. This pathway explicitly involves the upregulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A), the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC1/2), and the subsequent reinforcement of epithelial tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin). Furthermore, CB-a significantly attenuated systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine expression while restoring superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant capacity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how this specific environmental isolate modulates the intestinal microenvironment, offering a robust theoretical basis for deploying C. butyricum in functional interventions targeting microbiota-associated inflammatory disruptions.IMPORTANCESevere gut inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is often driven by a breakdown in our natural gut bacteria. Although probiotics are popular treatments, how they actually repair the gut remains largely unknown. Our study highlights the remarkable healing ability of Clostridium butyricum CB-a, a natural bacterium isolated from the environment. We discovered that this microbe acts as an ecological engineer for the digestive system. It actively rescues the damaged gut by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful ones. This positive shift triggers the release of natural, healing molecules that calm the immune system and rebuild the protective gut lining. By uncovering the exact steps this bacterium takes to restore digestive harmony, our work provides a powerful blueprint for designing highly targeted, natural probiotic therapies to combat severe intestinal diseases.
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) on subsea fibre-optic cables is emerging as a powerful tool for underwater acoustics, providing dense, kilometre-scale measurements of sound propagation through the water column, the seabed, and the cable's ambient environment. These observations enable new approaches to environmental acoustic monitoring and subsea-infrastructure assessment, including the detection of oceanographic processes, anthropogenic noise, and geophysical wavefields. However, a central challenge remains: fidelity of DAS measurements depends critically on acoustic coupling between the cable and its surroundings, i.e., variations in burial, exposure, and suspension alter the incident acoustic energy coupling into the fibre, introducing inconsistencies or artefacts in environmental and structural interpretations. Detecting these coupling states directly from DAS data is difficult because the signatures are subtle and datasets are exceptionally large. We introduce a simple, scalable method based on Poincaré spectral coherence. It quantifies the consistency of neighbouring channels across selected acoustic frequency bands. Buried segments show smooth, coherent spectral behaviour, whereas exposed or suspended sections exhibit sharp spatial variability. Applied to two shallow-water deployments, including a 5.8-km coastal cable with diver-verified burial, the method reliably identifies major coupling transitions. Its unsupervised, computationally efficient, real-time compatibility strengthens the case for DAS as a next-generation underwater vibrations sensing technology.
Carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based label-free fluorescent sensing platforms have emerged as promising analytical approaches for the detection of tetracycline residues in food and environmental samples. This review summarizes recent advances in CQD design, fluorescence sensing mechanisms, and practical analytical applications, with an emphasis on precursor engineering, heteroatom doping, and surface-state modulation. Among antibiotic contaminants, tetracyclines represent an important model target due to their extensive use, environmental persistence, and characteristic molecular properties that enable diverse interactions with CQD surfaces. Recognition-assisted CQD biosensing architectures incorporating selective elements such as aptamers, antibodies, and molecularly imprinted polymers represent an important complementary strategy; however, this review specifically focuses on label-free systems in which tetracycline-induced modulation of CQD photoluminescence provides the sensing response. Reported label-free CQD sensors demonstrate improved analytical performance and successful application in complex matrices, including milk, honey, serum, and water samples. Nevertheless, challenges related to fluorescence mechanism ambiguity, synthesis variability, insufficient standardization, matrix interference, and limited long-term validation remain major barriers to practical deployment. Emerging trends, including smartphone-assisted detection, paper-based platforms, and sustainable biomass-derived CQDs, indicate progress toward portable sensing technologies. Future development requires rational CQD design, standardized evaluation frameworks, and robust field-validation strategies for reliable tetracycline monitoring.
The gut microbiota plays an essential role in host energy metabolism and immune function. Horses are non-ruminant herbivores that rely heavily on hindgut microbial fermentation to meet their energy requirements. However, the relative contributions of host genetic background (breed) and environmental factors (feeding regimen and geographical location) to shaping the equine gut microbiota remain poorly understood. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional prediction analysis were performed on 139 equine fecal samples to systematically investigate the differential effects of breed and feeding regimen on the gut microbiota. Samples were collected from 30 Thoroughbreds (TH), 31 stabled hybrid horses (HH1), 30 grazing hybrid horses (HH2) (with HH1 and HH2 sired by Thoroughbreds out of Mongolian mares), 32 Mongolian horses (MH), and 16 Warmblood horses (WBH1 and WBH2). Alpha and beta diversity analyses, taxonomic profiling, and PERMANOVA were used to assess microbial composition and the contributions of different factors. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of the TH, HH1, HH2, and MH groups were significantly higher than those of the Warmblood horses (p < 0.001), with Mongolian horses exhibiting the highest diversity and the hybrids showing intermediate levels between their parental breeds. Regarding taxonomic composition, the TH, HH1, HH2, and MH groups shared a microbial structure dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, yet each possessed distinct characteristics: Thoroughbreds were enriched with Treponema; Mongolian horses harbored the highest abundances of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and NK4A214_group; and the grazing hybrid horses developed a fiber-degrading bacterial community centered on Ruminococcus and Fibrobacter, demonstrating breed-specific microbial features. In contrast, the Warmblood horses exhibited a gut microbiota with distinct features characterized by significantly reduced microbial diversity and core fiber-degrading genera, concomitant with an enrichment of environmental-associated bacteria from the phylum Proteobacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas) and other genera (e.g., Comamonas, Brevundimonas). PERMANOVA analysis further quantified the contributions of different factors: breed explained 44.8% of the total variation (R² = 0.448, p < 0.001), followed by feeding regimen (10.3%, p < 0.001) and geographical location (2.7%, *p* < 0.01), confirming breed as the predominant factor. This study provides evidence that breed establishes the foundational framework of the gut microbiota, while feeding regimen performs fine-tuning functions. We also systematically characterized the unique microbial composition of Warmblood horses, offering a scientific basis for breed-specific health management, precision nutritional interventions, and future disease risk monitoring in horses. Although all horses appeared clinically healthy, the distinct microbial composition observed in Warmblood horses warrants further investigation to determine its biological significance.
Stored food products are highly vulnerable to infestation by insects and mites, resulting in significant postharvest losses worldwide. Plant-derived bioactive compounds represent promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides. This study investigated the phytochemical composition of Moricandia sinaica at different growth stages and evaluated its insecticidal activity against Plodia interpunctella larvae, complemented by molecular docking analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed clear stage-dependent variations in volatile composition. At the flowering stage, hexahydrofarnesylacetone, 1,8-cineole, and α-thujene were predominant, whereas mature plants were characterized mainly by hexahydrofarnesylacetone, α-pinene, and dihydroactinidiolide. Fatty acid analysis showed that palmitic acid remained the dominant component, although it decreased, while oleic and stearic acids increased at maturity. Insecticidal bioassays showed concentration- and time-related increases in larval mortality against P. interpunctella larvae. Molecular docking suggested that major fatty acids may interact with residues located within the carbohydrate-recognition region of β-1,3-glucan-binding protein 3 (GNBP3), providing a predictive hypothesis that requires further experimental validation. The results highlight Moricandia sinaica as a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential applications in environmentally friendly pest management strategies for stored products. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Myopia is a major global health concern, projected to affect nearly half of the world's population by 2050. While axial elongation is known to be the underlying pathology in myopia, the pathophysiology of factors that drive axial elongation is not fully understood. Factors driving axial elongation include genetic factors and environmental factors such as outdoor activity time and the amount of near work. With advances in ocular imaging technology, there is interest in the role of anterior segment biomarkers in the onset and progression of axial elongation in myopia. Imaging modalities such as corneal tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, optical biometry, and corneal biomechanical analyzers have enabled the precise measurement of corneal shape, anterior chamber depth, lens parameters, and biomechanical properties. These biomarkers have been implicated in myopia development, progression risk prediction, and response to interventions such as orthokeratology. In this review, we explore contemporary anterior segment imaging modalities and seek to better understand the complex relationship between anterior segment biomarkers and axial elongation in myopia. By understanding the role of these biomarkers, we may be better equipped in predicting myopia onset and progression and pave the way for potential treatments in myopia.
Microplastics (MPs) and opportunistic pathogens are recognized as emerging environmental hazards, yet the health risks associated with mammalian exposure to biofilms enriched on MP surfaces remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated the characteristics of microbial biofilms enriched on MPs from aquatic and sediment matrices over 12 weeks and assessed their potential health impacts using a murine mammalian model. Metagenomic profiling showed that the enriched biofilms exhibited alterations in community composition, accompanied by an overrepresentation of genes associated with antibiotic resistance, iron acquisition, and virulence traits. In the murine model, dietary exposure to the MP-associated biofilms coincided with changes in host intestinal inflammatory markers and a distinct shift in the gut microbiota profile. Metabolomic analysis further revealed synchronous alterations in extracellular and fecal metabolite profiles, including profiles linked to secondary bile acid pathways, alongside a downregulation of intestinal barrier tight junction markers. These parallel taxonomic and metabolic shifts indicate that environmental biofilms enriched on microplastics can provoke complex physiological responses in a mammalian host. This study provides a valuable framework for assessing the potential mammalian health risks posed by plastisphere-associated microbial complexes.
Isolongifolanone, a natural product, offers several advantages over traditional small organic molecules, including excellent biocompatibility, high reactivity, low cytotoxicity, affordability, and environmental friendliness. While numerous compounds derived from isolongifolanone have been developed, most research has focused primarily on its antitumor properties, with limited exploration of its potential applications as a fluorescent probe. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel natural small-molecule fluorescent probes based on isolongifolanone, utilizing pyrazole compounds as the fluorophore, vanillin or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the linker, and levulinate as the sulfite-specific recognition group. The probes react with sulfite through a nucleophilic addition reaction, resulting in a strong fluorescence signal, demonstrating high sensitivity and good selectivity for sulfite detection. Quantitative detection of sulfite can thus be achieved by monitoring the fluorescence intensity. The chemical structure and reaction mechanism of the fluorescent probes were characterized using NMR, LC-MS, and HRMS. Additionally, the isolongifolanone-based fluorescent probes were successfully applied for the detection of sulfites in tumor cells, significantly broadening the application scope and value of isolongifolanone.
A novel ternary composite of zirconium-based supramolecular organic framework/fullerene@strontium-based metal-organic framework (Zr-SOF/C60@Sr-MOF) was synthesized and adopted as an electrode modifier to construct a high-sensitivity electrochemical sensor for ciprofloxacin (CIP) determination. The composition and morphology of the material were confirmed by SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD and FT-IR. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to evaluate the electron-transfer properties and interfacial behavior of the modified electrodes, and square wave voltammetry (SWV) was employed for the sensitive and quantitative detection of the target analyte. The results reveal that the composite inherits the abundant porous structure of Zr-SOF, the expansive specific surface area of Sr-MOF and excellent electron transfer capability of fullerene. The sensor enables accurate CIP detection in the linear range 5.0 nM-1000 µM, with a detection limit of 7.0 nM (S/N = 3), along with satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility and long-term stability. Practical application was validated in lake water, tap water and milk samples, yielding recoveries of 95.3%-101.63%. This work provides new insights into SOF/MOF-based electrochemical sensing and establishes an efficient strategy for rapid on-site detection of CIP antibiotics in environmental and food matrices.
Drought and salt stress are significant environmental limitations that severely constrain plant growth and productivity, therefore, enhancing stress tolerance is a key goal in crop improvement. The plant-specific FCS-like zinc finger (FLZ) proteins have been identified as important regulators of stress adaptation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide characterization of the FLZ gene family in apple and functionally characterized MdFLZ2. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MdFLZ2 was differentially expressed across various tissues and transcriptionally induced by both drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that the MdFLZ2 protein is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The overexpression of MdFLZ2 in apple calli, Arabidopsis and tomato conferred increased resistance to drought and salt stress. In addition, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that MdFLZ2 interacted with MdSnRK1.1, and similar interactions were also detected between other MdFLZ family members and MdSnRK1.1. Collectively, our findings suggest MdFLZ2 as a positive regulator of drought and salt tolerance and highlight its potential to serve as a genetic resource for abiotic stress improvement.
RNA pesticides have garnered considerable attention in pest management due to their exceptional selectivity, environmental safety, and flexible design. They interfere with essential physiological processes in pests by silencing key genes, thereby achieving effective pest control. Moreover, RNA pesticides can target genes related to detoxification enzymes in pests, increasing pests' susceptibility to pesticides, and effectively reducing the development of pest resistance. However, several challenges remain in the practical application of RNA pesticides, including their easy degradation and inefficient in vivo delivery, which result in low bioactivity and a short duration of efficacy against target pests. In recent years, the development of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has provided new strategies for the design of targeted and safe RNA pesticide delivery systems. This article reviews the mechanisms by which nanomaterials deliver RNA pesticides and their applications in pest control. It also summarizes research progress on the use of RNA pesticides to mitigate pest resistance and further discusses key challenges related to technical adaptability, resistance management, regulatory frameworks, and artificial intelligence integration, as well as future prospects for advancing the development of this field. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of next-generation nano-delivery systems for RNA pesticides.
Radioactive waste presents persistent environmental and health challenges, creating an urgent need for remediation materials that are not only effective and selective but also sustainable. Conventional treatment methods often suffer from high cost, limited selectivity, and secondary waste generation, prompting growing interest in biopolymer-based alternatives. Polysaccharides including chitosan, alginate, cellulose, starch, carrageenan, and pectin have emerged as highly promising platforms for radioactive ion removal due to their natural abundance, biodegradability, and rich surface chemistry. Their functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and sulfate) enable strong coordination with diverse radionuclides, including actinides, fission products, and activation products. This review critically examines the structure-property relationships governing radionuclide adsorption by polysaccharide-based materials, with particular attention to chemical modification strategies, including grafting, cross-linking, phosphorylation, and hybridization. These approaches significantly enhance adsorption capacity, selectivity, and stability, with reported Uranium(vi) uptake exceeding 600 mg g-1 for engineered systems. Advanced composites, including polysaccharide-polysaccharide hybrids and polysaccharide-based metal-organic frameworks, are highlighted for their potential in treating complex radioactive waste streams. Future perspectives focus on multifunctional material design, regeneration efficiency, and scalability to advance polysaccharide-based adsorbents toward practical nuclear waste management applications.