The development of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures for optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications demands precise control over band alignment and light absorption. This study addresses the challenge of engineering strain-tunable electronic properties in the MoSi2N4/WSSe heterostructure, a system exhibiting intrinsic type-I band alignment and a direct band gap of 1.850 eV. We demonstrate that interfacial charge transfer of 0.0831 |e| from MoSi2N4 to WSSe generates a robust internal electric field, significantly enhancing charge separation and transport. Crucially, compressive strain induces reversible transitions between type-I and type-II band alignments and between direct and indirect band gaps, enabling dynamic modulation of carrier dynamics. At -4% and -5% strain, the charge transfer aligns with the Z-scheme characteristics, and band edges positions precisely match the water redox potentials. Compared with its individual monolayer components, the heterostructure demonstrates enhanced optical absorption across both visible and ultraviolet spectral regions. Tensile strain markedly enhances light absorption, with the absorption coefficient peak increasing from 5.4 to 28.5%, and induces a redshift of the absorption peak in the visible light range. These findings confirm that the MoSi2N4/WSSe heterostructure, with its excellent tunability, holds considerable promise for applications in optoelectronic and photocatalytic devices based on thermodynamic band alignment. All calculations were performed using the Vienna ab initio Simulation Package (VASP) within the framework of density functional theory. The PBE-GGA functional was chosen as the main exchange-correlation functional, while the HSE06 hybrid functional was used to carry out all electronic and optical property calculations. van der Waals interactions were incorporated via the Grimme-D3 correction. Key computational parameters included a plane-wave kinetic energy cutoff of 520 eV, a total energy convergence threshold of 10-8 eV, a force convergence threshold of 0.01 eV/Å, and a 5 × 5 × 1 Monkhorst-Pack k-point mesh. A vacuum spacing of 20 Å along the z-axis was applied to eliminate interlayer interactions. Phonon dispersion curves were computed using the Phonopy code.
Contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe and permanent motor, sensory, and autonomic deficits, resulting from both the initial mechanical damage and subsequent secondary pathological cascades. Besides, electrical stimulation (ES) and stem cell therapies have emerged as promising strategies to promote axonal regeneration and neuronal plasticity. We designed a new implantable device, an Electro Pulsed Biohybrid (EPB) device, to provide local ES and carry stem cells (hMSC and iNSC) for subdural implantation, wired and wireless controlled. We assessed locomotion and sensory outputs, cell migration, neuroinflammation, gliosis, fibrosis, and neuronal survival. The consecutive application of microsecond pulsed electric fields (μsPEFs) into two different configurations during ten days and further continuous current during five days significantly enhanced the migration and engraftment of the implanted hMSC and a significant reduction in the number of microglia injury-dependent reactive cells. The ES did not exacerbate gliosis, fibrosis, neuropathic pain, or neuronal loss after primary trauma, instead, the electrically stimulated animals in comparison with the non-stimulated controls were able to perform better reducing the time during running. Consistent results were obtained with a wireless and wired configuration for the ES supply. The applied sequence of μsPEFs and direct current local stimulation contributed to the early immunomodulation, reducing the acute immunoreactivity involved in further secondary damage, and enhanced implanted hMSC migration, providing a versatile platform for cell therapy and ES combinatorial approach in the SCI treatment.
Two key technologies to reduce aircraft emissions are lightweight structures and the electrification of propulsion systems. Achieving high power density is a barrier to aviation electrification. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) is used in over 50% of state-of-the-art aircraft structures due to its lower density. CFRP offers ten times higher strength depending on the fibre and superior mechanical properties compared to aluminium. Replacement of metallic equipment casings and cable raceways with CFRP offers the opportunity to increase power density. However, the use of CFRP for these applications will give rise to new failure modes where the CFRP forms part of the electrical bonding network (pathway to current return) on the aircraft. Historically, the most common failure mode for aircraft systems is a short circuit due to abrasion of cable insulation. For electrical failures through CFRP, the outer layer of epoxy must also be abraded for an electrical connection to be made between the metallic cable conductor and the carbon fibres. The electrical resistance added to the fault path by CFRP components will vary with the level of abrasion on the surface of the CFRP. This paper describes the capture of datasets [1] which correlate the change in electrical resistance for unidirectional [0°] and woven CFRP with the level of surface abrasion. This data enables users to characterise the failure mode regarding impact on electrical fault response and subsequent resilient electrical power system design and may facilitate the relation between imaging data and a non-destructive evaluation of electrical properties. Further, the methodology to capture datasets relating electrical properties of CFRP with increasing levels of surface abrasion can be replicated for different CFRP layups.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) attract considerable interest owing to their distinctive characteristics, including high porosity, chemical stability, and affordability. MOFs are created by linking metal ions with organic ligands, offer exceptional porosity and stability. MOFs have potential applications in different areas, including gas and liquid separation, catalysis, sensing, energy storage, environmental cleanup, and medicine. Additionally, smart polymers have gained prominence as advanced materials for their ability to undergo structural changes in response to applied stimuli. These polymers have many applications owing to their ability to change their properties in response to specific triggers. Efforts to combine the unique smart characteristics of MOFs and polymers have led to the creation of smart composites that exhibit flexibility and versatile performance, aiming to leverage the strengths of both materials. While MOFs offer high porosities and surface area, polymers provide flexibility and high-valuable performance. The hybridization of MOFs and polymers has opened up new possibilities for creating multifunctional nanocomposites with enhanced properties. However, laborious synthesis processes, low aqueous solubility, and poor electrical properties have hindered the practical application of MOFs. To address these limitations, smart MOF/polymer composites are being developed for different applications in biomedical, environmental, energy, and sensing fields. By combining the unique smart properties of MOFs and polymers, researchers aim to expand the utility of MOFs in different applications. Overall, the review highlights recent advancements in the use of responsive MOFs across diverse applications and emphasizes their versatility and tunability through functional groups manipulation and structural optimization. This interdisciplinary approach holds great potential to address complex challenges across industries and advance the field of smart materials.
This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate the feasibility of a mobile chemotherapy drug guide (ChemoNurse) tailored for oncology nurses. The evaluation focused on feasibility, usability, and acceptability outcomes. ChemoNurse includes drug preparation, storage methods, administration routes, administration duration, dosage calculation, side effects, patient education, and symptom management. This feasibility study was conducted between August 1, 2023, and August 1, 2024, with 34 oncology nurses from the Turkish Oncology Nursing Society. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials checklist was utilized. The RE-AIM framework was used to guide the evaluation of early implementation outcomes, particularly feasibility, usability, and acceptability. The evaluation framework integrates usability, perceived usefulness, acceptability, and feasibility. The Information Form, ChemoNurse Evaluation Form, Mobile Application Usability Scale, Satisfaction Scale, and semi-structured interview form were used for data collection. The nurses' mean age was 32.79 ± 6.55 years, 91.2% female, and most had over ten years of professional experience. The evaluation of ChemoNurse's usability demonstrated high acceptance and perceived usefulness among oncology nurses. 94.1% of participants rated the application as easy to use, and 100% of participants reported that the content was understandable and clinically relevant. Additionally, 85.3% of participants considered the drug guide content clinically sufficient, and 91.2% confirmed that the application met their clinical needs. The application was perceived as cost-effective by all participants, and 97.1% of participants indicated they would continue using ChemoNurse in clinical practice. The Mobile Application Usability Scale results further supported these findings, with 91.2% of nurses scoring above 200 and a mean usability score of 246.76 ± 38.13. Preliminary evidence suggests that ChemoNurse is usable and acceptable for supporting oncology nurses' point-of-care access to chemotherapy information within this pilot sample; larger studies are needed to confirm its clinical impact. ChemoNurse demonstrated promising feasibility, usability, and acceptability within this pilot sample. Future studies with objective outcome measures are needed to evaluate its potential perceived usefulness and implementation feasibility in clinical practice.
Photothermal photocatalysis is a promising strategy for significantly enhancing solar spectrum utilization and reducing reaction activation energy through localized surface heating. Here, a strongly coupled Bi4O5Br2/Bi13S18I2 (BOB/BSI) step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst, featuring concurrent dual-vacancy engineering and a pronounced photothermal effect, was synthesized via a self-sacrificial growth strategy. This approach facilitates the formation of interfacial BiS bonds that serve as atomic-level charge transport channels, strengthening the built-in electric field (IEF) and optimizing band bending. Consequently, this enables an S-scheme charge transfer pathway that preserves highly reductive electrons and strongly oxidative holes. Meanwhile, tunable anion-vacancy defects enhance light harvesting, surface adsorption/activation, and interfacial charge transport, while photothermal heating further accelerates surface reaction kinetics under solar irradiation. As a result, the BOB/BSI-1 heterojunction achieves a hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] reduction rate constant of 24.89 × 10-2 min-1 under photothermal photocatalysis, which is 3.41 times higher than that achieved by room-temperature driven photocatalysis. Under intense natural outdoor sunlight, the removal efficiencies for Cr(VI) and tetracycline (TC) reached 98.66% and 80.59%, respectively, demonstrating the potential for practical application of this method. This work provides a new perspective on the energy-driven, mechanism-level construction of S-scheme heterojunctions by integrating self-sacrificial interface engineering, vacancy modulation, and photothermal synergy for solar-driven remediation of complex water pollutants.
Achieving simultaneously high operational stability and low-voltage operation is critical for the practical deployment of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in flexible and integrated electronics. However, the heterogeneous organic semiconductors (OSCs)/dielectric interface, where carriers are transported, inevitably introduces defects originating from structural and energetic disorder that lead to instability. Here, we demonstrate that the insulating alkyl chains could serve as a dielectric component to fabricate alkylated OFETs. This interface-free OSC/dielectric configuration reduces interfacial defects and enables efficient charge transport with intrinsic structural passivation. Under this configuration, the 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) FET exhibits operational stability over 10,000 s and an ultrahigh intrinsic gain of 7.52 × 104. The corresponding inverters show exceptional static (gains of 127.6 and noise margin of 95.3% at VDD = 2.5 V) and dynamic characteristics (signal-delay time constants of 50 μs at VDD = 1 V), with negligible shift over 50 switch cycles, demonstrating excellent electrical performance and reliability of low-voltage organic circuits. This molecular-level OSC/dielectric integration strategy provides a general pathway for addressing key limitations for the practical deployment of OFETs in flexible and integrated electronics.
MXenes, a rapidly expanding family of two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as a key material of self-powered wearable electronics and therapeutics owing to their metallic conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and highly tunable surface chemistry. Their integration into piezoelectric nanogenerators and triboelectric nanogenerators (PENGs and TENGs) has substantially advanced mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion in flexible, skin-conformal devices. This review critically examines recent progress in MXene-enabled nanogenerators, covering material synthesis, device architectures, charge-generation mechanisms, and system-level integration. Emphasis is placed on emerging MXene-based composites, including hydrogels, aerogels, nanofibers, and smart textiles, that synergistically integrate energy harvesting, sensing, and mechanical robustness for continuous physiological monitoring, human-machine interfaces, sports analytics, wearable therapeutics and in vivo applications. Key challenges limiting practical deployment, such as oxidation instability, mechanical fatigue, biocompatibility, and scalable manufacturing, are systematically analyzed alongside state-of-the-art mitigation strategies. Finally, future perspectives are outlined, highlighting the convergence of MXene nanogenerators with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and sustainable materials systems to enable autonomous, intelligent, and next-generation, personalized monitoring and therapeutic technologies.
Non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) have recently received a lot of interest as a possible alternative to fused-ring acceptors in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) because of their synthetic simplicity and structural tunability. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic knowledge regarding how interfacial charge dynamics and overall device performance are determined by molecular engineering of the core structure of NFREA. The Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations were used to describe the structure-property performance relationships of tetrathiophene-based NFREAs (4T-3, 4T-BOE, 4TThC-ICF, o-4TBC-2F, 4T-OEH, and LW-out-2F) and their donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces with PBDB-T. We demonstrate that improved π-conjugation and electron-donating substitutions efficiently raise the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, narrow the bandgap, cause significant bathochromic shifts in optical absorption, and decrease nonradiative energy loss (Eloss) by altering the side chain of central backbone. Improved interfacial charge-transfer efficiency is also indicated by favorable changes in the free energies of charge separation (ΔGCS) and charge recombination (ΔGCR). The calculated optoelectronic parameters, including electron mobility (μ), Eloss, and charge-transfer energetics, are found to be comparable to or better than those of the benchmark Y6 acceptor, highlighting the potential of the designed systems for high-performance OSCs. Our findings show that side-chain engineering is essential for controlling interfacial electrical properties and electrostatic potential distribution, which directly affects NFREAs' photovoltaic efficiency. This work offers design guidelines and quantitative theoretical insights for optimizing NFREAs for high-efficiency OSC applications.
In contemporary dental practice, implants are the standard solution for edentulism. However, the wide variety of implant brands and the prevalence of peri-implantitis present significant diagnostic hurdles for clinicians. This study evaluated an automated hybrid AI framework designed to simultaneously identify implant brands, determine clinical treatment stages, and classify peri-implant bone loss severity using periapical radiographs, aiming to address the efficiency limitations of existing single-function AI models. A dataset comprising 708 periapical radiographs with 3i and Xive implants was utilized. We employed a YOLOv8 model to localize implants and exclude background noise precisely. Subsequently, a custom implant segmentation algorithm and an automated alveolar crest detection method based on two-stage clustering were applied. EfficientNet-B3 served as the backbone for a multi-task classification of 12 composite classes, integrating implant brand, exposure status, and bone loss status. The YOLOv8 model demonstrated exceptional performance with 99.39% precision and 98.63% sensitivity. In the complex 12-class classification, the system achieved an overall accuracy of 97.42%, with specific categories such as Xive/Prothesis/Diseased achieving 98.28%. Clinical feasibility tests revealed the framework significantly outperformed manual expert evaluation, drastically reducing average assessment time from 15.5 to 0.16 s while elevating diagnostic accuracy from 90.73% to 97.38%. The proposed hybrid AI framework successfully consolidates brand identification, staging, and bone loss assessment into a unified, efficient workflow. By offering superior accuracy and speed, it serves as a reliable second opinion to support clinical decision-making and improve diagnostic consistency in dentistry.
Elastic conductors are vital for flexible electronics, but the high filler concentrations conventionally required to achieve metallic conductivity severely degrade mechanical properties. Here, we report a poor solvent-induced interfacial self-assembly strategy to fabricate robust elastic conductors. This approach yields a resilient top polymer domain and a bottom liquid metal (LM) polymer interpenetrating conductive domain. Consequently, the conductors achieve exceptional conductivity (3.33 × 106 siemens per meter), extreme stretchability (>1400% strain), and high toughness (>30 megapascals) at a low LM loading (~15% volume proportion). By regulating the self-assembly behavior of LM nanoparticles in elastomers, our method overcomes the traditional trade-off between electrical and mechanical performance. Demonstrating its practical utility, we constructed a wireless stretchable system for monitoring the temperature and motion of living organisms, highlighting its broad applicability in high-performance wearable and implantable electronics.
Biventricular pacing improves morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients with electrical dyssynchrony. Yet, approximately one-third fail to respond when selection is based on QRS duration and morphology. This study sought to determine if ultra-high-frequency electrocardiography (UHF-ECG) assesses ventricular dyssynchrony and may better predict cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. In this prospective single-center study, 114 patients with heart failure, sinus rhythm, nonright bundle branch block morphology, LVEF ≤35%, and QRS duration >130 milliseconds were enrolled and followed for 6 months. Ventricular electrical dyssynchrony (e-DYS) was derived from UHF-ECG as the interval between earliest and latest activation in any of V1 to V7 leads, and its predictive performance was compared with QRS duration, QRS area, negative derivatve action time (NDAT) V8, and QRS morphology. CRT response was defined as a >15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume. A total of 73 patients (64%) were responders. Responders more often had nonischemic cardiomyopathy, larger QRS area, longer QRS duration, and greater e-DYS. Optimal cutoffs for CRT response prediction were e-DYS >55 ms, QRS area >81 μVs, NDAT V8 >117 ms, and QRS duration >155 ms. In multivariable analysis, only e-DYS (OR: 1.02 per ms; P = 0.04) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (OR: 2.8; P = 0.03) independently predicted response. In ischemic cardiomyopathy, e-DYS remained the sole independent predictor. Postimplant Δe-DYS (-37 ms) predicted response more accurately (AUC = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.63-0.83) than ΔQRS area or ΔQRS duration. UHF-ECG-derived ventricular dyssynchrony predicts response to CRT more accurately than conventional ECG parameters. Both baseline e-DYS and its postimplant reduction identify patients most likely to benefit from biventricular pacing.
A single-layer, polarization-insensitive frequency-selective rasorber (FSR) with quad-band absorption performance is proposed. The presented FSR is developed by integrating a quad-band resonant absorber and a single bandpass frequency-selective surface (FSS) on opposite sides of an FR4 substrate. In the absorption bands, the top layer effectively absorbs electromagnetic waves, while the backside FSS functions as a reflector. In the transmission band, the top layer becomes nearly transparent, allowing efficient wave passage through the backside FSS. The combination of the two layers results in effective multi-functional performance. The top layer achieves over 90% absorption at 2.14, 2.88, 6.02, and 7.32 GHz. The backside FSS generates a transmission band at 4.54 GHz with low insertion loss. The design exhibits enhanced angular stability up to 50° for both TE and TM polarizations, with polarization insensitivity ensured through four-fold rotational symmetry. The physical mechanism is analyzed using an equivalent circuit model and effective-medium analysis. A 15 × 15 prototype has been fabricated and measured, showing excellent agreement with simulations. This resistor-free single-layer FSR is suitable for radar cross-section (RCS) reduction, electromagnetic interference (EMI) mitigation, and multi-functional radome applications in S- and C-bands.
Electrical water bath stunning remains the predominant method for poultry slaughter in Europe, yet its welfare implications are still debated. This study assessed the current status of stunning effectiveness in broiler chickens under commercial conditions, providing a foundation for future comparisons with controlled atmosphere stunning. Behavioral observations were made in 1 slaughterhouse over 2 study years (2021 and 2022) and were analyzed separately for each year across broilers from 4 fattening methods (LIT: light conventional fattening method, HEV: heavy conventional fattening method, LBL: label fattening method, ORG: organic fattening method). The analysis aimed to explore whether stunning performance differs according to fattening method, animal age, transport duration, carcass weight, weather conditions, and total electrical current in the electrical water bath. Stunning effectiveness was evaluated in 3 phases: pre-stunning (shackling), during stunning, and post-stunning. In each phase, key behavioral indicators, such as signs of inadequate stunning (e.g., wing flapping, body movements, rhythmic breathing), were systematically recorded. The results showed that pre-stunning behavior varied among fattening methods in 2022 (defensive reactions: ORG [0.82%] vs. LBL [0.05%]; wing flapping: LIT [29.00%] vs. OGR [17.00%], HEV [21.00%], and LBL [12.60%]), with older and lighter animals showing more pronounced defensive or flapping responses. After stunning in 2021, only ORG broilers showed cases of inadequate stunning (0.01%), whereas no incidences were observed in LIT (0.00%) and HEV broilers (0.00%). These findings highlight that even minor differences in handling and animal characteristics can significantly affect stunning effectiveness and animal welfare.
Arctic lakes are exceptionally vulnerable to climate change, yet the depth-specific responses of their water quality remain largely unexplored, primarily due to the scarcity of long-term, depth-resolved water quality data. This study investigates how climatic and ice phenology conditions influence water quality in the surface and deep layers of Lake Inari, a large, oligotrophic arctic lake with minimal human-induced disturbance. Leveraging a 44-year dataset of in-situ measurements (1980-2023), we utilize canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to assess the potential interactions among key water quality parameters in the surface and deep layers of this stratified lake and climatic-ice factors. The results show a relatively robust statistical relationship between surface water quality and climatic-ice factors (R2 = 0.67, p < 0.05). These climatic-ice factors account for approximately 53% of the variance in the lake's surface water quality. In contrast, deep-water quality exhibits a relatively moderate but statistically non-significant correlation with climatic-ice factors (R2 = 0.42, p > 0.05). The absence of statistical significance, likely a false negative due to limited power of our CCA analysis, suggests that deep-water quality responses may be delayed or indirect, potentially mediated by thermal stratification and reduced mixing. Both surface water quality and deep-water quality display exceptionally strong multivariate interactions (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.05), driven by shared variability in turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, and electrical conductivity. The overall statistically significant redundancy between surface water quality and deep-water quality is around 60% for the latter. These findings suggest that surface-layer observations, including satellite and automated-sensor data, may help inform assessments of deep-water quality in large, oligotrophic, dimictic Arctic lakes. If further validated, this approach could support more cost-effective monitoring and strengthen climate-resilient lake-management planning.
Correlating structure with electronic functionality is central to the engineering of quantum materials and devices whose properties depend sensitively on disorder. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) offers high spatial resolution together with access to structural, electronic, and magnetic degrees of freedom. However, operando electrical transport measurements on functional quantum devices remain rare, particularly at liquid helium temperature. Here, we demonstrate electrical transport measurements of niobium nitride (NbN) devices inside a TEM using a continuous-flow liquid-helium-cooled sample holder. By optimizing a thermal radiation shield to limit radiation from the nearby pole pieces of the objective lens, we achieve an estimated base sample temperature of 8-9 K, as inferred from the superconducting transition temperatures of our devices. We find that both electron beam illumination and objective lens excitation perturb the superconducting state. In addition, we evaluate the imaging capabilities and stability of the sample holder at low temperature by imaging the magnetic domain structure of the van der Waals ferromagnet CrBr3. Finally, we perform calculations that underscore the importance of cryo-shielding for minimizing thermal radiation onto the device. This capability enables correlative low-temperature TEM studies, in which structural, spectroscopic, and electrical transport data can be obtained from the same device, thereby providing a platform for probing the microscopic origins of quantum phenomena.
The frequency or degree of spiking activity and its relative timing, in pre- and post- synaptic neurons is a major determinant of the nature of synaptic plasticity. Such activity driven plasticity based on stimuli forms the basis of learning and formation of memory. However, in the absence of any sensory stimuli particularly during development, neurons are active and often in a synchronous manner. Such spontaneous activity driven plasticity is thought to underlie formation and development of circuits. Drosophila has become the species of choice for many neural developmental studies due to ease of handling and genetics. However, little is known in terms of spontaneous activity in the central brain of the Drosophila pupa and how such activity is distinct in different cell types during development. In the current work, using two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we obtain spontaneous activity of Drosophila pupae at different stages of development of 3 different cell types, namely, dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic neurons. We show that all cell types follow a similar pattern over development with periodic synchronous activity separated by durations of silence. We find that the central brain spontaneous activity is different from what has been previously observed in the optic lobe, which is true across the cell types. However, the three cell types have different periodicities, spontaneous event timing precision and strength of spontaneous activity. Together our results can form the basis of understanding cell type specific circuit development and future investigations of alterations in spontaneous activity in different cell types with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold significant potential for powering flexible wearable electronics; however, their widespread adoption is limited by mechanical wear, harsh environment (e.g., to humidity and contaminants), and the need for external intervention to trigger self-powered heating self-healing. In this work, we presented a breathable TENG fabricated from electrospun nanofiber mats of a novel PDMS-TPU-HFDD copolymer, which combines self-powered heating self-healing, self-cleaning, and exceptional environmental stability in a single-material system. The copolymer was synthesized through chain extension of prepolymers utilizing polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol), polydimethylsiloxane diol (PDMS diol), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with fluorinated chain extender hexadecafluorodecanediol (HFDD), resulting in a melting transition as low as 38.10 °C. The TENG device utilized the copolymer electrospun nanofiber mat as the triboelectric layer and the carbon cloth as the flexible electrode. The integrated device self-powered heating self-healed within 3 min via the Joule heating effect of carbon cloth (2.8 V, 43.3 °C) and maintains 98% of its performance over 4500 abrasion cycles. Moreover, the device demonstrated both high breathability and excellent stability in high-humidity environments. Its water vapor transmission rate was comparable to that of an open container, retaining 78% of its electrical output even at 60% relative humidity. The device demonstrated a maximum open-circuit voltage of 150 V, short-circuit current of 14 μA, and a power density of 0.275 W/m2─surpassing the performance of conventional PCL-TPU-BDO-based devices by two to three times. This multifunctional TENG represents a substantial step toward durable, self-sustaining, and practical power sources for next-generation wearable electronics.
In specific MRI applications, RF coils must operate at multiple resonance frequencies to support multinuclear imaging and spectroscopy. Designing such coils that can either resonate at or switch between multiple frequencies presents considerable technical challenges. Traditional multituned coils typically suffer from strong electromagnetic (EM) coupling due to limited physical space and the interaction between multiple resonating structures. Frequency-switchable coils offer an alternative by adjusting circuit capacitance or inductance to tune for different nuclei, typically relying on PIN diodes or similar electronic switches. However, these designs require frequency-sensitive bias circuitry, dedicated drivers, and long DC control lines, all of which are prone to RF interference within the MRI environment. Furthermore, PIN diodes introduce inherent RF leakage and nonlinearities that can significantly degrade image quality. This study introduces a pneumatically actuated frequency-switchable RF coil, termed AeroCoil, that enables resonance switching without electrical biasing. The AeroCoil design utilizes air pressure to mechanically adjust capacitance, enabling transitions between the 1H and 2H Larmor frequencies at 9.4 T. This pneumatic mechanism eliminates the need for local electrical components near the imaging volume, thereby reducing RF noise, eliminating EM interference, and simplifying the coil's circuit architecture. The AeroCoil's performance was benchmarked against single-tuned coils, representing optimal performance at each frequency, and a PIN diode-based switchable coil. Bench measurements evaluated return losses and quality factors, whereas MRI experiments assessed SNR and image artifacts. The AeroCoil retained 88.2%-91.9% of the SNR compared with a single-tuned 1H coil, whereas the PIN diode-based 1H coil achieved only 68.3%-75%. At the 2H frequency, AeroCoil performance was further emphasized, retaining 71.7%-74.6% SNR, whereas the PIN diode-based design dropped sharply to 27.1%-28.8%.
Topological skyrmions can be driven by ultralow electric currents, attracting significant interest for nonvolatile magnetic memory and spintronic devices. However, how electrical current reshapes skyrmions and reorganizes their collective order remains much less explored, despite its importance for geometry-controlled emergent phenomena and functionality. Here we show that electric-current pulses drive the deformation of oriented helical stripes, yielding elongated skyrmionic textures and ultimately assembling a skyrmion lattice in the chiral magnet Co8Zn10Mn2 at room temperature. We further capture pronounced intermediate distortions, including elongated and comet-like textures with tail-like extensions, indicating highly nonuniform deformation and local texture inhomogeneity during stripe-to-skyrmion conversion. Beyond nucleation, successive pulses drive the deformation, displacement, and reorganization of skyrmion clusters, yielding a reordered skyrmion assembly. Micromagnetic simulations reproduce the intermediate morphologies and deformation pathways. Our results establish deformation-assisted dynamics as a real-space route by which pulsed currents generate and reorganize skyrmions, linking pinning-mediated deformation to the emergence and evolution of skyrmion order.