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The engineered Photorhabdus virulence cassette (PVC) enables precise protein delivery but has not yet achieved RNA packaging and injection delivery. In this study, we achieved intraluminal RNA loading via the U1A RNA-binding domain, anchoring it to the PVC inner tube and establishing DART (PVC Docker-based All-purpose RNA Injection Delivery Tool). This enabled the protective loading of diverse RNAs, including Pepper RNA, guide RNA, siRNA, miRNA, and mRNA. Through the co-delivery of Cas9 in vitro, DART also drove effective knockouts of enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (EGFP), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), representing reporter, oncogenic, and immune-related targets for evaluating DART-mediated gene editing. Notably, DART-mediated KRAS knockout produced a significant antitumor effect in a subcutaneous mouse tumor model. Complementary to the external spike-surface fusion strategy of SPEAR (a PVC system termed spike engineering and retargeting), as an intraluminal nanosyringe platform, DART employs internal engineering to expand PVC from protein to RNA delivery.
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W. Yang, X. Yang, X. Wang, J. Gu, D. Zhou, Y. Wang, B. Yin, J. Guo and M. Zhou, "Silencing CDR1as Enhances the Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells to Drug Resistance by Acting as a miR-7 Sponge to Down-Regulate REGγ," Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 23, no. 8 (2019): 4921-4932, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.14305. The above article, published online on 27 June 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Stefan N. Constantinescu; the Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following concerns raised by a third party. An investigation identified multiple instances of duplication within Figures 2B, 5B and 6B as well as duplication between Figures 2B and 5B. The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns and to provide supporting data, but no response was received. The editors no longer have confidence in the reliability of the findings reported in the article. The authors did not respond to our notice of retraction.
Y. Chen, C. Bao, X. Zhang, X. Lin, H. Huang, and Z. Wang, "Long Non-Coding RNA HCG11 Modulates Glioma Progression Through Cooperating With miR-496/CPEB3 Axis," Cell Proliferation 52, no. 5 (2019): e12615, https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12615. The above article, published online on 16 July 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Qi Zhou; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following concerns raised by a third party. An investigation identified duplication of the Cyclin D1 bands in the western blot presented for the U87 cells in Figure 6C with bands published earlier in another article by a different group of authors. The duplicated bands were also used to represent a different protein. The authors did not respond to requests to address the concerns and did not provide the original data. The editors therefore consider the results and conclusions reported in this article to be unreliable. The authors did not respond to our notice of retraction.
Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review (SMAR) is pleased to introduce the first of a two-part series on patellofemoral instability, guest edited by Drs. Nicola Maffulli and John Fulkerson. This issue reflects the journal's mission, as articulated by Editor-in-Chief Emeritus Dr. W. Dil Cannon, to "assemble key articles under one cover that provide an in-depth analysis of an important current topic." This collection includes invited reviews on: Precision Custom-Guided Anteromedial Tibial Tubercle Transfer Surgery; Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: Current Techniques, Outcomes, and Controversies; Quantifying Patellofemoral Instability: Clinical Metrics, Imaging, and AI-Based Predictive Models; Failed Patellofemoral Instability Surgery: A Practical Guide to Diagnosis and Revision; Pediatric Patellofemoral Instability Surgery-Current Concepts; and Patellofemoral Joint Preservation: Cartilage Restoration, Unloading, and Avoiding Complications; and Femoral Rotation Osteotomy in Patellofemoral Instability Surgery. The SMAR Podcast, hosted by Dr. Mikalyn DeFoor, is now available on iTunes, YouTube, Spotify, and the SMAR website, featuring interviews with contributing authors.
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High-energy heavy-ion particle accelerators have long served as proxies for the harsh space radiation environment, enabling both fundamental life-science research and applied testing of flight hardware. Traditionally, monoenergetic high-energy heavy-ion beams have been employed for practicality, providing valuable datasets that underpin radiation risk and predictive computational models. However, such beams cannot fully reproduce the mixed-field nature of space radiation, motivating the development of realistic analogs for improved risk assessment and countermeasure evaluation in preparation for future deep-space missions to Moon or Mars. Spearheaded by developments at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, supported by the European Space Agency (ESA), has established advanced space radiation simulation capabilities in Europe. Here, we present the design, optimization, and in-silico benchmarking of GSI's hybrid active-passive Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) simulator, together with a computationally optimized phase-space particle source for Geant4, which is available to external users for their own simulation studies and experimental planning.