共找到 20 条结果
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
Immune dysregulation (ID), defined as aberrant immune activation or suppression, may result in autoimmune or inflammatory disorders, lymphoproliferative malignancies, and allergic diseases. Apoptosis, nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are major pathways involved in ID. This study aimed to assess ID using targeted inflammatory gene-expression profiles in comparison with controls. We grouped patients according to presenting features: autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) (group 1), immune cytopenia (group 2), and EBV-associated lymphoproliferation (group 3). We established real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis for selected genes (CASP8, CASP10, FAS, FASL, AKT, MAP3K7, MAP3K14, mTOR, NFKB1, NFKB2, NFKBIA, and TRAF3) involved in inflammatory pathways, and calculated gene expression fold changes using the logarithmic Delta-Delta Ct (2^(-delta delta CT)) method. The median age of symptom onset in group 1 (n=10), group 2 (n=12), and group 3 (n=10) was 9.3 (0.5-38.7), 5.7 (0.7-19), 22.5 (0.7-45) years, respectively (p=0.181). The median age at hospital admission was 12 (1.9-38.7), 9.4 (2.3-35), and 34.8 (0.9-54.7) years in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p=0.152). There was a significant difference between patient and control groups (p<0.05), but none among patient groups regarding targeted gene expression (relative quantification values). According to ROC curve analysis, the most discriminative target genes are NFKB2, MAP3K7, AKT, mTOR, NFKB1, and FAS. We propose an ID signature that includes targeted gene expression profiles (NFKB1, NFKB2, MAP3K7, AKT, mTOR, and FAS) and suggest using these specific gene expressions as a biomarker for diagnosis and therapy response in ID.
Obesity is increasingly prevalent among total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients and is associated with greater complications and worse patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Robotic-assisted THA (R-THA) improves component positioning compared to conventional, manual THA (C-THA); however, its impact on PROMs in obese patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative PROMs and complications between obese patients undergoing C-THA and R-THA using a propensity-matched analysis. A single-institution database was used to identify 4136 consecutive primary THA patients. Patients with body mass index > 30 and at least two years of follow-up were included. Propensity matching was conducted in a 3:1 ratio, which led to balanced attributes between 267 C-THA and 89 R-THA patients (P > 0.05). The mean absolute and delta scores were compared. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds were calculated and patients were categorized as improved, unchanged, or worsened. The medical and surgical complications were recorded. Absolute and delta scores for all PROMs were similar between groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in MCID-level improvement rates for any PROM (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in 90-day or one- or two-year complication rates (P > 0.05). In obese patients, C-THA and R-THA did not differ in clinically meaningful improvement across multiple PROMs or complication rates. Within this single-institution cohort, R-THA was not associated with superior patient-centered outcomes compared to C-THA.
This study reports the isolation and structural characterization of ravenelin (RVL) and ravenelin B (RVL B), a novel xanthone derivative produced by the endophytic fungus Exserohilum rostratum from the Brazilian Amazon. The compound was obtained in minute quantities with partial purity, presenting significant challenges for traditional structural characterization. Through the combined application of NMR spectroscopy (1D/2D) and DFT/GIAO calculations, we achieved unequivocal structural determination, demonstrating an effective strategy for investigating scarce natural products. Extensive computational analysis revealed key insights into the molecular properties: RVL B exhibits a predominantly locally excited character (61%) compared to RVL's mixed charge-transfer/locally excited nature and shows promising two-photon absorption (TPA) properties with a high cross-section (351 GM in water) for higher excited states. Further TD-DFT calculations elucidated the solvent-dependent photophysical behavior, including absorption/emission spectra and Stokes shifts. These findings not only expand the chemical diversity of Amazonian endophytes but also establish a comprehensive framework for characterizing low-abundance metabolites using integrated experimental and theoretical approaches, while revealing potential applications as substituent design in nonlinear optics and photodynamic therapy. This work discusses the procedure for the isolation, characterization, and theoretical insights into the electronic properties of a novel xanthone isolated from an Amazonian fungus. High-resolution mass spectra were obtained in positive ion mode using a MicroTOF-Q mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonics, USA) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Ascend 400 using the solvent signal (d-chloroform) as a reference. Chemical shifts are given in delta ( δ ) values, and coupling constants (J) are given in Hertz (Hz). Concerning theoretical methods, all molecular optimizations and NMR calculations were performed within the DFT/GIAO framework using ω B97X-D/6-311++G(d, p). When necessary, the solvent was accounted for by the integral equation formalism of the polarizable continuum model. The electronic excitations of the ground and first excited state, as well as two-photon absorption cross-sections, were calculated within the TD-DFT framework by using different degrees of Hartree-Fock exchange (CAM-B3LYP, ω B97X-D, and M06-2H), also associated with the Pople 6-311++G(d, p) basis set and the continuum model of solvation.
Episodic memory formation engages hippocampal oscillations that vary along the anterior-posterior axis, but the molecular programs supporting this physiological specialization remain unclear. Here, we leveraged a rare neurosurgical dataset in which patients performed verbal episodic memory tasks during intrahippocampal intracranial EEG recordings prior to en bloc hippocampal resection, enabling integration of encoding-related oscillatory signatures with matched cell-type-resolved transcriptomics from the same individuals. Subsequent memory effects (SMEs) spanned delta/theta, gamma, and hippocampal ripple activity across anterior and posterior hippocampus. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing from anatomically matched anterior and posterior tissue revealed longitudinal transcriptional gradients, most prominent in excitatory neurons. Spatial transcriptomic maps validated axis-enriched transcripts and their localization. Linking subject-specific SMEs to gene expression identified distinct molecular programs: anterior low frequency SMEs associated with synaptic and chromatin-regulatory pathways, and posterior high-frequency SMEs associated with metabolic and protein synthesis processes. Gene regulatory network inference further revealed axis-specific hub architectures. Together, these results define a cell-type-specific genetic architecture linking longitudinal molecular specialization to the human hippocampal encoding dynamics.
Estuaries serve as critical land-sea interfaces with high ecological and socioeconomic value, yet they are increasingly threatened by excessive anthropogenic nutrient inputs due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. These inputs have intensified eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, and hypoxia in estuarine systems globally. The Pearl River Estuary (PRE), southern China's largest estuary, receives substantial nutrient loads from both riverine discharge and intense human activities in the highly urbanized Pearl River Delta. Using long-term monitoring data (2017-2024), this study systematically investigated the spatiotemporal distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), reactive phosphate (PO4-P), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the PRE and assessed the eutrophication status. Results show a persistent nutrient regime characterized by nitrogen enrichment and phosphorus limitation. DIN distribution shows a strong correlation with river discharge, which appears to be an important factor controlling its large-scale land-sea decreasing gradient, with no pronounced east-west differentiation. In contrast, PO4-P showed an "east-high, west-low" pattern, linked to coastal anthropogenic inputs and regional hydrodynamics. DO dynamics are regulated by phytoplankton photosynthesis, organic matter mineralization, water temperature, and freshwater runoff, resulting in seasonal and spatial variability. Heterogeneity was observed in nutrient limitation and eutrophication status across seasons and regions, where eutrophication in the inner estuary has been alleviated yet remains severe. This study systematically synthesizes eight years of spatiotemporal dynamics of nutrients and DO across the PRE. The integrated findings provide scientific support for developing regionally differentiated nutrient management frameworks, and have important guiding implications for alleviating eutrophication and seasonal hypoxia in large estuary ecosystems.
This study assessed the comprehensive human risk exposure to metal(loid)s through consumption of fish and clams from the Nun River. Thirteen elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) were determined in the aquatic samples using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Metal(loid) data were subjected to simple descriptive and inferential statistical analysis to examine variations among species and sampling periods. In fish, Fe was the dominant element, while Zn and Mn showed temporal increments. Toxic metal(loid)s such as Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, and As were detected at concerning levels, with some concentrations exceeding the international safety thresholds of the joint Food and Agriculture/World Health Organization. Species differences were observed, with higher accumulation in carnivorous fish, while clams generally showed lower levels. Health risk assessment indicated that most hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1.0, suggesting generally low noncarcinogenic risk under the exposure assumptions applied; however, elevated values were observed for Cd and As in some fish species. Cancer risk analysis identified Cd and As as the major contributors to lifetime carcinogenic risk. This study provides a comprehensive and integrated assessment of metal(loid) contamination in Nun River fish and clams, examining temporal variation, species-specific accumulation patterns, and associated human health risks. In doing so, it helps to address a significant regional data gap. The research findings highlight potential exposure concerns and emphasize the need for continued monitoring, pollution control, and public awareness to support food safety in the Niger Delta region.
Pediatric acute myocarditis is challenging because presentations range from chest pain to cardiogenic shock, and no single biomarker reflects its inflammatory, ischemic, and hemodynamic components. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), a marker of oxidative stress-related alteration in albumin measured by the albumin cobalt-binding assay, has been investigated in ischemic and inflammatory conditions, but its role in pediatric myocarditis remains unclear. In this prospective, single-center case-control study, 47 children with clinically suspected acute myocarditis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated between 1 July 2023 and 1 July 2025. Clinically suspected acute myocarditis was defined according to pediatric guidance as at least one compatible clinical feature together with at least one supportive biomarker, electrocardiographic, or echocardiographic finding after exclusion of alternative diagnoses. IMA levels were measured using the albumin cobalt-binding method and expressed as absorbance units (ABSU). The statistical analysis included between-group comparisons, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, incremental discrimination analyses, and exploratory clinical severity analyses. IMA concentrations were significantly higher in the myocarditis group than in controls [0.57 (0.55-0.63) vs. 0.55 (0.49-0.59) ABSU, p = 0.021], with a Hodges-Lehmann median difference of 0.04 ABSU (95% CI, 0.01-0.07). However, the diagnostic performance of IMA alone was modest (AUC, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.52-0.75). At the optimal cutoff of 0.53 ABSU, sensitivity was 89.36% and specificity was 38.30%. Conventional biomarkers showed stronger discrimination, including troponin I (AUC, 0.96), troponin T (AUC, 0.93), NT-proBNP (AUC, 0.88), CRP (AUC, 0.85), and CK-MB (AUC, 0.83). A base model including CK-MB, NT-proBNP, and CRP yielded an AUC of 0.92; adding IMA increased the AUC marginally to 0.93 (delta AUC, 0.01; p = 0.153). All children in the clinically suspected myocarditis group were symptomatic at presentation, and exploratory analyses showed no significant association between IMA and selected electrocardiographic or echocardiographic abnormalities or length of hospital stay. IMA is elevated in children with clinically suspected acute myocarditis, but its standalone diagnostic performance is limited and its added value beyond conventional biomarkers appears small. IMA may be considered an adjunctive rather than a primary diagnostic biomarker, and any putative triage role in ultra-early presentations remains hypothesis-generating.
The brain coordinates behavior across timescales spanning milliseconds to days through cross-frequency coupling (CFC)-the mechanism by which slow oscillations modulate the amplitude and timing of faster oscillations, creating a hierarchical temporal architecture. Existing frameworks have typically addressed oscillations within narrow frequency ranges, leaving cross-timescale coordination mechanisms underspecified. I propose a unified framework termed Temporal-Oscillatory Entrainment (TOE), which organizes entrainment phenomena (using the term in its chronobiological sense) across nine frequency ranges into three functional categories: neural (high gamma through delta), biological (behavioral through circadian), and social (weeks and longer). The framework identifies the auditory-motor system as a privileged pathway, given that CFC occurs in the auditory brainstem and rate-restricted coupling at approximately 4-5 Hz reflects an intrinsic auditory-motor rhythm. Musical training studies demonstrate that rhythmic experience induces neuroplastic changes spanning subcortical to cortical levels, with transfer effects documented across multiple frequency bands-from millisecond-level discrimination to phrase-level processing. Beyond neural timescales, respiratory rhythms provide a well-characterized example of behavioral-frequency oscillations coupling to neural activity, while social rhythm therapy research demonstrates that stabilizing daily behavioral patterns affects circadian function and mood regulation. Musical ensemble coordination instantiates the same hierarchical nesting and phase-based coupling that characterizes neural CFC. The TOE framework generates testable predictions about bidirectional transfer effects between timescales, individual differences in entrainment capacity, and the distinct contributions of solo versus ensemble musical experience, with implications for understanding cognitive development, clinical intervention, and the neurobiological foundations of temporal coordination.
To evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a multicomponent intervention to address the burden of drug use-related infectious diseases and overdose in rural settings. Single-arm hybrid implementation-effectiveness design. Rural area comprising the Illinois counties of the Delta Regional Authority. People who use opioids and/or stimulants nonmedically. Expansion of community-based harm reduction services, capacity-building for opioid use disorder and hepatitis C treatment. Harm reduction service expansion intervention Reach, Effectiveness (injection equipment sharing), Adoption and Cost (per participant and budget impact analysis). Three hundred six people who use drugs were enrolled. Of the 207 of who were not previously engaged in harm reduction services, 121 (59%) accepted referral and were retained in services at 6 months past study enrollment (intervention reach). In regards to intervention efficacy, among these individuals, 41 (35%) completed follow-up surveys; compared with their baseline self-report, there was a significant increase in obtaining sterile equipment from the harm reduction organization (43.9% vs. 68.3%, P = 0.03) and decrease in sharing injection equipment (46.3%-19.5%, P = .02). The harm reduction organization experienced an increase of approximately 100-550 program participants and an increase in service delivery area coverage from 1258 to 5509 square miles after intervention implementation (adoption). Cost per participant served by the harm reduction organization was $1486 per year, with annual budget impact to the program of $817 295. In regards to treatment capacity building, a total of 80 providers in the study area completed training in opioid use and/or hepatitis C management. The pragmatic evaluation of harm reduction service expansion supported by a suite of implementation strategies serves to inform the practical considerations and decision-making by community-based organizations seeking to increase services in rural areas heavily affected by substance use, overdose, and related infectious diseases.
There is very little research specifically investigating the mental health and psychological well-being impact of environmental control systems (ECSs). Consequently, this study was conceived to refine which methods and instruments are best suited for exploring this area of research. Two well established instruments the PROMIS-10 and PIADS-10 were used to investigate the impact of ECSs on mental health and psychological well-being. Further data were collected using a custom designed questionnaire. Data were collected before intervention, at 3 weeks, and at 8 weeks post intervention. Five participants took part in the study and completed the instruments in all three stages of the study. When considering the score delta (over the whole time period), this increased for all participants and the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold was surpassed for both of the mental health and psychological well-being instruments in all but one case. Results also demonstrated that the majority of participants were satisfied with their devices and relied less on family and carers to assist them controlling electronic devices around the home. This pilot study found that ECSs have a positive impact on users' mental health and psychological well-being. The study design also demonstrated the potential of using the PROMIS-10 instrument, the PIADS-10 instrument, and a study specific questionnaire to assess the impact of ECSs on users' mental health and psychological well-being. The approach could be used to build broader, high quality evidence for the provision and use of ECSs. NCT07049419. Environmental control systems were found to have a positive impact on mental health and psychological wellbeing as measured by the two well established instruments (PROMIS-10 and PIADS-10).Environmental control systems were found to increase independence as less support was required from family or carers to control devices around the home as measured by a study specific questionnaire.The study design, including the questionnaire, could be used for further studies looking at wider populations using different systems with the recommendation that an additional data point should be added before the installation of the environmental control system.
Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is characterized by abnormal innervation and neurogenic inflammation, contributing to chronic discogenic pain. Electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates IVDD-related pain, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of the axonal guidance factor Netrin-1 in EA-mediated inhibition of myelinated nerve fiber ingrowth into degenerative intervertebral discs and to elucidate the downstream signaling pathways involved. A rabbit axial compression IVDD model was established. Animals were divided into sham, model, EA, model+OV-Netrin-1, EA+sh-Netrin-1, EA+μ-opioid antagonist (β-FNA), and EA+δ-opioid antagonist (NTI) groups. Tarlov scoring, MRI, HE, AB-PAS, immunohistochemistry, TEM, Western blot, RT-qPCR, Co-IP, ELISA and flow cytometry were used to evaluate disc histology, nerve ingrowth, Netrin-1 expression in annulus fibrosus (AF) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), endogenous opioid peptides, receptor interactions, cAMP/cGMP levels and intracellular calcium concentration. EA improved Tarlov scores, restored disc structure and reduced pathological nerve ingrowth in degenerative discs. EA downregulated Netrin-1 in AF but upregulated Netrin-1 in L2 DRG. DRG Netrin-1 overexpression mimicked EA's anti-neoinnervation effect, whereas Netrin-1 knockdown abolished EA efficacy. EA elevated spinal POMC/M-ENK; blocking μ/δ opioid receptors reversed EA-mediated Netrin-1 upregulation in DRG. Mechanistically, EA promoted UNC5B-DCC complex formation, reduced cAMP, increased cGMP and lowered intracellular Ca2+ via Netrin-1 receptors to inhibit myelinated axon sprouting. EA upregulates DRG Netrin-1 by activating endogenous opioid peptide signaling. Netrin-1 subsequently modulates UNC5B/DCC downstream cAMP-cGMP-calcium pathways to suppress abnormal myelinated nerve fiber ingrowth, thereby alleviating discogenic pain and delaying IVDD progression.
Anthropogenic pollution in developed coastal areas often causes widespread seagrass loss. In Cockburn Sound, Western Australia, industrial run-off drastically reduced cover of Posidonia spp. by 77% in the 1960s-1990s. Despite significant water quality improvements, natural recovery remains limited, potentially due to legacy pollution and phytotoxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in sediments. Using a novel multidisciplinary approach combining metabolomics, nutrient (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), and δ34S isotope analysis, we assessed whether capping existing sediment with clean, dredged material could support Posidonia australis restoration. Seagrass was transplanted into 15 garden beds across three treatments: i) Experimental control (no sediment capping); ii) Capped (capped sediment); iii) Capped + wrack (capped sediment mixed with dried seagrass leaf material). Within two weeks, sulfur cycle-related metabolites were up-regulated in seagrass growing in capped sediment which was likely due to elevated H2S intrusion into the leaves. Up-regulation of tocopherols suggested that P. australis activated vitamin E-related pathways to mitigate stress. Overall, sediment capping impaired seagrass health and failed to reduce conditions promoting H2S intrusion into plant tissue, likely because of the fine texture of the dredged material. Careful sediment assessment and modification are essential before repurposing such material for seagrass restoration.
Modulating the interfacial water structure at the catalyst-electrolyte interface and optimizing the hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics of ruthenium-based electrocatalysts are essential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), yet these remain significant challenges. Herein, we propose a hybrid catalyst ac-Ru/BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ-C (ac-Ru/BZCYYb-C), featuring an amorphous/crystalline substrate fabricated via an in situ electrochemical reconstruction strategy. Comprehensive in situ Raman and electrochemical investigations reveal that partial amorphization of the proton-conducting perovskite BZCYYb optimizes the interfacial water structure. This reconstruction promotes the conversion of 4-coordinated hydrogen-bonded water (4-HB-H2O) into free-H2O and 2-HB-H2O. Such optimized interfacial water structure improves the hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics on Ru sites, thus promoting HER kinetics. Consequently, the ac-Ru/BZCYYb-C catalyst demonstrates excellent acidic HER activity, requiring an overpotential of only 17 mV to deliver -10 mA cm-2 and showing remarkable long-term durability for 200 h with negligible degradation. Moreover, PEMWE cell employing ac-Ru/BZCYYb-C as the cathode catalyst achieves 2 A cm-2 at only 1.84 V and maintains outstanding stability over 150 h in pure water at 2 A cm-2.
CD16+ monocytes are a minor subset of the total monocyte population that play a disproportionate role in contributing to neuroinflammation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). This has been evidenced by the enhanced transmigration of CD16+ monocytes into the brain compared to their CD16- counterpart. CD16+ monocytes can be activated by HIV ssRNAs through toll-like receptors (TLR) 7 and TLR8, and subsequently interact with brain-resident cells, including astrocytes. Previous studies from our laboratory identified monocyte-derived IL-1ß as an inducing cytokine for astrocyte-derived neuroinflammatory factors. Despite cannabis use among the HIV community, the mechanisms by which immune-modulating cannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), alter human immune responses in the context of HAND-associated neuroinflammation remain elusive. We hypothesized that THC and CBD suppress CD16+ monocyte-induced astrocyte secretion of inflammatory mediators and monocyte recruitment via chemotaxis in the context of HIV. Results from this study show that THC and CBD impair CD16+ monocyte IL-1ß-mediated astrocyte production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 when these two cell types are cocultured in the presence of TLR7 or TLR8 stimulation. Additionally, monocytes from HIV+ subjects exhibited enhanced migration compared to monocytes from HIV- subjects, which was suppressed by THC treatment but not by CBD. The effects on migration were associated with reduced cellular expression of polymerized actin and high-affinity conformation integrin receptors. Collectively, these findings suggest that THC, and to a lesser extent CBD, may have therapeutic potential for mitigating CD16+ monocyte-mediated neuroinflammation associated with HAND.
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a promising approach for sludge reduction and resource recovery; however, the molecular-level mechanisms governing sludge oxidation remain poorly understood due to the structural complexity of the sludge matrix. In this study, high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and size exclusion chromatography were employed to elucidate the transformation pathways of organics during CWAO, using magnetic Fe3O4 as a model catalyst. Under the applied LC-QTOF-MS and molecular formula assignment conditions, CHNOS-class formulas detected in the untreated and non-catalytic samples were no longer detected after Fe3O4-catalyzed CWAO, while no CHOS-class formulas were reliably assigned in any sample. Interestingly, tannin-like substances markedly increased after 1 h of CWAO treatment, which was attributed to the simultaneous occurrence of oxidative degradation and Maillard-type polymerization reactions. These polymerization reactions emerged as a critical barrier to achieving higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency. Notably, five distinct molecular groups indicative of Maillard-type reactions were identified for the first time in an organic sludge CWAO system. Moreover, TOC removal kinetics exhibited three characteristic phases-rapid, slow, and stable-reflecting the dynamic balance between degradation and polymerization processes. Overall, this study offers new molecular-level insights into the evolution of organics during CWAO and provides a foundation for the rational design of more effective catalysts and post-treatment strategies for organic sludge management.
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AF-LMBs) offer high energy density systems and simplified design through the complete elimination of excess lithium. However, their practical development is hindered by sluggish lithium-ion (Li+) transport and uneven lithium deposition at the anode interface. Here, we introduce a nanoconfined ion-regulator based on a high-entropy metal-organic framework (HE-MOF). The simulation results demonstrate that the multi-metal channels provide heterogeneous local coordination environments, broadening the distribution of Li+ binding sites, facilitating Li+ migration, suppressing local ion retention, and regulating interfacial electrolyte decomposition, ultimately leading to the formation of a thin LiF-rich SEI layer. As a result, the Li||HE-MOF/C half-cell delivers an initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.74% at 0.5 mA cm-2, the HE-MOF/C@Li symmetric cell exhibits stable cycling for over 10000 h at 60 mA cm-2/1 mAh cm-2, and the anode-free HE-MOF/C||NCM-811 full cell remains stable for 2300 cycles with a capacity decay rate per cycle of 0.026%. This work provides a proof-of-concept high-entropy MOF interfacial strategy for regulating Li deposition in AF-LMBs.
Salmonella enterica remains a leading foodborne zoonotic pathogen worldwide, with poultry serving as a major reservoir and vehicle for antimicrobial resistance dissemination to humans. This study investigated the genotypic basis and distribution of multidrug resistance (MDR) among 29 S. enterica isolates from broiler farms in Egypt, emphasizing the role of mobile genetic elements as integrons and the assessment of genetic relatedness using ERIC-PCR. Molecular screening revealed high prevalence of resistance determinants, including floR (93.1%), tetA (86.2%), aphA1 (82.8%), cmlA (75.9%), ereA (75.9%), sulI (62.1%), aadA1 (51.7%), dfrA1 (48.3%), aac(3)-IV (44.8%), tetB (41.4%), sulII (31.0%), aac(6')-Ib-cr (24.1%), catA1 (20.7%), fosA3 (20.7%), and qnrA (10.3%). High-risk serovars, including S. Jerusalem, S. Colorado, and S. Kentucky, harbored multiple resistance genes and exhibited pronounced XDR profiles. Notably, this study reports the detection of aphA1 and fosA3 in Salmonella isolates derived from broiler chickens, which may represent an early or uncommon finding in Egypt. Many resistance genes were associated with horizontally transferable class 1 integron, underscoring its key role in the dissemination of multidrug resistance (MDR) within poultry systems and along the food chain. ERIC-PCR genotyping segregated isolates into two major genetic groups with seven sub-clusters, reflecting clustering patterns and genetic diversity among the isolates, alongside notable heterogeneity in resistance, virulence, and biofilm-associated genes.Overall, poultry in Egypt represents a significant reservoir of genetically diverse and potentially transmissible MDR S. enterica, highlighting the need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship and genomic surveillance to mitigate public health risks.
Fire-induced transformation and isotopic fractionation of soil organic carbon (SOC) among density fractions remain poorly understood when investigating SOC turnover in postfire vegetation recovery. To specifically focus on the heating-induced processes, laboratory-controlled pyrolysis of forest soils was studied in a temperature gradient (simulating fire intensities) by combining density fractionation, molecular biomarker, and δ13C analysis. Results showed that increasing heating intensity reduced SOC content, enhanced carbon aromatization, and generated substantial pyrogenic carbon (PyC). The free light fraction (fLF) exhibited higher SOC loss and lower PyC yield compared to the heavy fraction. Preferential loss of light isotopes (12C) enriched 13C in residual pools, elevating δ13C in bulk soil from -26.0‰ to -21.8‰. The most pronounced 13C enrichment occurred in fLF due to extensive SOC loss, and this enriched carbon was readily solubilized into dissolved organic matter (DOM). Notably, the isotopic fractionation during heating significantly exceeded typical microbial-induced fractionation of <3‰. DOM extracted from soils heated at 400 °C featured aromatic and phenolic-C structures, indicating PyC origins. In contrast, DOM from the 550 to 700 °C treatments contained mostly carboxyl and carbonyl-C, derived from highly oxidized SOC. These 13C-enriched components intensified fractionation between DOM and residual organic carbon. This study clarifies mechanisms of fire-driven SOC redistribution and isotopic fractionation, highlighting the critical role of wildfire in soil carbon cycling.
Racial disparities in outcomes among patients with acute respiratory failure are well-described, but the contributions of clinicians to these disparities have not been evaluated. Among mechanically ventilated patients, we evaluated racial disparities in severity of illness trajectories and adapted value-added modeling to quantify nurse and physician relationships with these disparities. In a retrospective cohort of mechanically ventilated patients across five hospitals between 2018 and 2022, we used generalized estimating equations to model the change in Laboratory-based Acute Physiology Score version 2 (LAPS) from the start to end of intensive care unit admission (Δ LAPS ). Consistent with value-added modeling, we randomly allocated the cohort into development and testing partitions, and fit separate multiple linear regression models of Δ LAPS using concurrent nurse and physician assignments (determined at 4-hour intervals), patient race, and clinician-race interaction terms as fixed effects. Clinician-specific and clinician-race interaction coefficients were extracted to determine race-specific value-add for each clinician. We defined the race-contextual value-add difference ( RCVAD ) as a clinician-level measurement of the difference in that clinician's value-add between Black and White patients in their care; a positive RCVAD indicates a more favorable severity of illness trajectory for Black relative to White patients and vice versa. Among 6,555 distinct patients, 7,247 clinical encounters, 405 nurses, and 70 physicians, Black patients accounted for 2,926 (40%) encounters. Overall, Black patients had significantly less improvement in Δ LAPS than White patients (difference in LAPS decline = 2.26 [0.23, 4.29], p=0.029). In the development partition, median nurse RCVAD was -0.10 (interquartile range [IQR]: -1.17, 1.14) with 191 (47%) nurses having a positive RCVAD ; median physician RCVAD was - 0.18 (IQR: -1.34, 0.56) with 29 (41%) having a positive RCVAD . Black mechanically ventilated patients experience less improvement in severity of illness during intensive care unit admission than White patients. While the majority of physicians and nurses were associated with disparities-exacerbating illness trajectories, many other clinicians were associated with disparities-mitigating trajectories. Future work to understand practices associated with disparities-exacerbating and disparities-mitigating care profiles could inform interventions to reduce disparities overall.