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This study investigated the haemodynamic effects by simulating simplified cerebrovascular at different stenosis levels. To improve the understanding of haemodynamic changes due to atherosclerosis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to visualise wall shear stress (WSS), pressure distribution, and flow rate within arterial models. Three different degrees of arterial atherosclerosis, specifically 25%, 50% and 75% plaque thickness have been examined. Findings show that in the severe atherosclerosis of 75%, blood flow velocity through the plaque undergoes a significant change, leading to low pressure due to extreme narrowing and resulting turbulent flow. Moreover, WSS contours reveal extensive and severe red zones when atherosclerosis reaches 75%, especially within and beyond the severely constricted region. Although the individual parameters were visualised, the velocity-pressure correlation for each atherosclerosis level showed velocity peaks around 10 m/s for 50% plaque and sharply increasing to nearly 100 m/s for 75% plaque. In mild atherosclerosis (25% plaque), both velocity and pressure profiles remain relatively stable. This study offers deeper insights and understanding on how atherosclerosis alters cerebral circulation, potentially enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment strategies for stroke prevention.

Achieving higher degrees and dimensions of light is one of the accessible paths for increasing the capacity of optical data-transmission systems. Orbital angular momentum (OAM), owing to its infinite and mutually orthogonal nature, offers a promising carrier for high-capacity and high-dimensional data transmission. However, current OAM-based shift keying and multicasting schemes predominantly rely on single-mode encoding or simple mode complexing, which fails to fully exploit the high-dimensional potential of OAM. This limitation primarily arises from the challenge of directly modulating complex multiplexed OAM states-such as OAM combs-which typically requires bulky optical setups and complicated iteration algorithms. Here, a hybrid intelligent strategy for high-dimensional OAM comb multicasting is demonstrated, enabling simultaneous multi-channel transmission with high-dimensional OAM encoding using a single phase-only hologram. By jointly AI-driven OAM comb generation and physics-guided wave-vector manipulation, a phase-only modulation framework is developed to directly tailor multiple structured OAM combs in a single modulation step, significantly improving the photon efficiency of OAM shift keying. The scalability and fidelity of the proposed approach are experimentally validated through 4, 6, and 8-channel multicasting demonstrations. Furthermore, a mixed encoding protocol is introduced to enhance transmission security in one-to-many multicasting scenarios, enabling parallel delivery of distinct image contents to different users. A six-channel OAM comb communication system achieves real-time transmission with a bit-error rate below 7 × 10⁻⁵. Our proposal offers a compact and scalable solution for high-dimensional OAM-based data transmission and provides a promising pathway toward next-generation large-capacity optical networks.

Grapevine phenolic compounds play key roles in plant defense and wine quality. Composition depends on factors such as maturity and infections such as grey mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. Grapevines respond to infections by actively modifying their phenolic profile. These changes, along with fungal enzymes such as laccases, influence the overall phenolic composition. As a result of climate change, incidence and severity of infections are increasing, with different varieties being susceptible to varying degrees. This study examines differences in susceptibility and the impact of ripening and B. cinerea infection on phenolic profiles in three grape varieties over two vintages. Heavy rainfall following prolonged drought increased the risk of infection. Occurrence of infection varied by sugar content, with Riesling showing higher susceptibility than Pinot noir. Compared to the non-infested Pinot gris variety, the profile changes primarily involved hydroxycinnamic acids and methoxylated compounds. Flavonols were the only group not affected at all. A myricetin hexoside, which is usually not synthesized by white cultivars, was detectable in infested Riesling. Pinot gris and Pinot noir were characterized by high levels of trihydroxylated polyphenols. Riesling showed decreasing levels of phenolics in early ripening stages and induction only at advanced infection. For Pinot noir, the opposite development was observed. Modifications in phenolic composition can be dependent on cultivar, Botrytis laccase activity and substitution pattern of involved compounds. Trihydroxylated compounds might contribute to resistance. These insights provide a foundation for further targeted studies and grape breeding efforts incorporating phenolic profile as an additional factor for resistance. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Magnetars are isolated neutron stars with exceptionally strong surface fields exceeding 1014 G (ref. 1). Their bright X-ray emission probes physical regimes in which quantum electrodynamics (QED) influences radiation propagation2-4. Strong magnetic fields induce polarization-dependent refractive indices in the vacuum5,6; such vacuum birefringence remains a long-standing but unconfirmed prediction of QED. Here we report phase- and energy-resolved polarization measurements of the radio-emitting magnetar 1E 1547.0-5408 obtained by coordinating X-ray and radio observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer and the Parkes/Murriyang Observatory. We detect large polarization degrees (PDs) in the thermally dominant soft X-ray band, reaching phase-averaged values of 65% at 2 keV before substantially decreasing between 2 keV and 4 keV. At certain rotational phases, the 2-3 keV PD rises to nearly 80% while remaining high (≳40%) throughout the radio beam crossing. The phase-dependent X-ray and radio polarization angles are both consistent with the rotating vector model, suggesting that the emission geometries track the large-scale magnetic field of the star. Collectively, these characteristics challenge standard surface emission models using non-refractive propagation of light to infinity. Vacuum-birefringence-governed magnetospheric propagation can naturally explain the X-ray polarization signals. Our results represent a marked advance in probing this hallmark prediction of QED, opening a new cosmic window into superstrong-field quantum physics, thereby motivating further observational and theoretical studies concentrating on this domain.

In this work, we employ the isenthalpic-isobaric (NpH) ensemble to sample the transition region of ice nucleation without any external bias, thereby avoiding potentially artificial memory effects introduced by projections onto collective variables. Within this framework, we identify relevant degrees of freedom that expose the intrinsically non-Markovian nature of the largest nucleus size, indicating that it is not sufficient on its own to describe nucleation dynamics. The NpH ensemble leads to long-lived nuclei through the coupling between latent heat release or absorption and temperature fluctuations. As a result, nuclei persist over extended timescales and undergo a slow internal evolution, which we refer to as aging. A signature of this behavior is the emergence of hysteresis in the largest cluster size-temperature plane. To quantify these effects, we perform a structural analysis based on a high-dimensional set of descriptors, which we project onto a low-dimensional latent space using a neural network-based autoencoder. This approach reveals the existence of structurally distinct classes of nuclei with similar sizes and temperatures. Finally, we compare the nucleus sizes obtained with this approach with those from previous studies employing different methodologies, finding good agreement.

Objective: To summarize the clinical, electrophysiological, and sural nerve pathological features of patients who developed peripheral neuropathy during tuberculosis treatment, and to explore the pathological patterns of nerve injury and their value in differential diagnosis. Methods: The clinical data, neuroelectrophysiological findings, sural nerve pathological features, and follow-up outcomes of 10 patients who developed peripheral neuropathy during tuberculosis treatment and underwent sural nerve biopsy at the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between February 2022 and May 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Among the 10 patients, 4 were male and 6 were female, with an age at onset ranging from 23 to 69 years. Peripheral neuropathy usually developed several weeks to several months after the initiation of anti-tuberculosis treatment. The main clinical manifestations were distal numbness, pain, and weakness of the limbs, and 7 patients had grade 3-4 peripheral neuropathy according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Neuroelectrophysiological studies showed sensorimotor mixed peripheral nerve involvement in all patients, predominantly characterized by axonal injury, with conduction slowing and late-response abnormalities in some cases. Sural nerve biopsy revealed varying degrees of myelinated fiber loss and axonal degeneration in all cases, with regeneration, myelin abnormalities, microvascular changes, or mild inflammatory cell infiltration in some cases. No typical tuberculous granuloma, caseous necrosis, or positive acid-fast staining was observed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleic acid testing was positive in 1 case. Most patients showed limited neurological recovery during follow-up. Conclusions: Peripheral neuropathy occurring during tuberculosis treatment is pathologically characterized predominantly by axonal injury, with variable myelin changes, microvascular abnormalities, and mild inflammatory cell infiltration. Most cases showed no pathological evidence of typical direct tuberculous invasion of the peripheral nerve, suggesting that this condition may represent a heterogeneous injury process involving multiple factors in the context of tuberculosis infection. Sural nerve biopsy is useful for identifying pathological injury patterns and provides evidence for differential diagnosis in complex etiological settings. 目的： 总结结核病患者治疗期间发生周围神经病患者的临床、电生理及腓肠神经病理特征，探讨其病理损伤模式及鉴别诊断价值。 方法： 回顾性分析2022年2月至2024年5月解放军总医院第八医学中心收治的10例结核病治疗期间发生周围神经病并接受腓肠神经活检患者的临床资料、神经电生理、腓肠神经病理及随访结果。 结果： 10例患者中男4例、女6例，发病年龄23~69岁，周围神经病多在抗结核治疗数周至数月后出现。主要表现为四肢远端麻木、疼痛和无力，7例达到NCI-CTCAE 3~4级。神经电生理均提示感觉-运动混合性周围神经损害，以轴索损害为主，部分病例伴传导减慢及晚反应异常。腓肠神经活检显示，所有病例均存在不同程度有髓神经纤维减少和轴索变性，部分伴再生、髓鞘改变、微血管异常或轻度炎性细胞浸润；均未见典型结核肉芽肿、干酪样坏死或抗酸染色阳性，1例结核分枝杆菌核酸检测阳性。多数患者随访中神经功能恢复有限。 结论： 结核病治疗期间发生的周围神经病病理改变以轴索损伤为主，可伴髓鞘、微血管及轻度炎症改变。多数病例未见典型结核直接侵犯周围神经的病理证据，提示其可能为结核感染背景下多因素共同参与的异质性损伤。腓肠神经活检有助于识别病理损伤特点，并为复杂病因背景下的鉴别诊断提供依据。.

In this review we systematically examine covalent organic framework (COF)-modified electrodes for enzymatic and nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose biosensors, with an emphasis on structure-property-performance relationships. The five failure modes of conventional sensing materials biological fragility, low conductivity, alkaline pH dependence, aqueous instability, and poor selectivity in complex matrices are identified as the central design problem, and the four structural advantages of COFs that simultaneously address these failure modes are analyzed mechanistically. The design, synthesis, functionalization and electrode integration procedures of COFs are critically compared, with particular attention to how linkage chemistry, pore geometry, π-conjugation length, and heteroatom identity quantitatively determine sensing performance parameters including limit of detection, sensitivity, linear range, and operational stability. Both enzymatic (Generation 1-4) and nonenzymatic sensing mechanisms are discussed comparatively. Current challenges are critically evaluated alongside emerging opportunities in wearable devices, molecularly imprinted COF platforms, and smartphone-enabled colorimetric sensing. Specific research directions required to bridge the gap between laboratory proof-of-concept and clinically viable glucose monitoring devices are outlined.

Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears, known as Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS), are a significant complication of vaginal delivery, with a prevalence of 1%-7% in developed countries. Risk factors include maternal characteristics (ethnicity, age, parity), fetal factors (macrosomia, malpresentation), and obstetric factors (instrumental delivery, midline episiotomy, prolonged second stage). Damage to the anal sphincter can lead to significant medical and functional consequences, including fecal and gas incontinence, urological symptoms, chronic perineal pain, dyspareunia, and profound psychosocial effects. This review aims to examine the long-term effects of OASIS, focusing on functional, social, and emotional consequences on women's quality of life. OASIS increases the risk of anorectal symptoms (with approximately 39% of affected women reporting anal incontinence), urinary incontinence, and persistent perineal pain. Up to 53% of women experience dyspareunia, and some avoid sexual activity altogether. Psychosocial effects include anxiety, decreased body image perception, and fear of future pregnancies. Recurrent OASIS occurs in 1%-10.7% of cases, further impacting quality of life. Anal sphincter injuries following childbirth have significant physical, psychological, and social implications. Long-term medical follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach-including medical care, pelvic floor rehabilitation, and psychological support-are essential. Understanding the impact of OASIS may enhance clinical interventions and contribute to improving affected women's quality of life.

This study evaluated valence ratings in response to recorded media under a variety of listening situations. Younger adults with normal hearing (n = 20), older adults with typical hearing (n = 20), and older adults with hearing loss (n = 20) provided ratings of valence (the degree to which they felt pleasant) for audio-only (Experiment 1) and audiovisual (Experiment 2) recorded media clips. Clips varied by dialogue-to-background ratio and loudspeaker configuration (television, stereo, surround sound). In both experiments, older listeners with hearing loss provided significantly lower valence ratings than their typical hearing peers, but only when the surround sound loudspeakers were used or when the dialogue-to-background ratio was +7 dB. Older listeners provided lower valence ratings when the loudspeaker was either stereo or surround sound or when dialogue-to-background ratio was +12 dB, but only when visual cues were not available. Older adults with hearing loss exhibit disrupted ratings of valence to recorded media. The effect could be mitigated with improved dialogue-to-background ratios of television shows and movies, but not with surround sound systems.

Gene expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs), which recognize specific DNA sequence motifs. Several hundred putative human TFs, identified mainly by an apparent DNA-binding domain, lack known binding motifs1. Furthermore, even for well-characterized TFs, it remains controversial the degree to which motifs accurately reflect binding sites in living cells2. Here we describe a systematic effort ('Codebook') to determine the sequence specificity of 332 putative and poorly characterized human TFs. More than 4,000 independent experiments, encompassing multiple in vitro and in vivo assays, produced motifs for just over half (177; 53%) of the TFs, of which most are associated with only a single protein. These results extend the vocabulary of sequence recognition encoded by human TFs by around 130 distinct motifs. Moreover, binding motifs identified in vitro are strongly enriched in cellular binding sites. Collectively, the data reveal tens of thousands of previously unknown, conserved and direct TF-binding sites across the human genome. These sites are concentrated in promoter regions and are predictive of gene expression. In summary, this new codebook provides an important step forward in decoding the human genome.

Second-neighbor interactions play a fundamental role in determining the higher-order organization of molecular graphs, yet they are not explicitly represented by conventional degree, distance or adjacency-based graph descriptors. This work introduces the Leap Architecture Matrix (LAM), a novel matrix representation that characterizes the distribution of graph edges between distinct leap-degree classes, thereby preserving the structural organization of second-neighbor connectivity within molecular networks. Based on this representation, three complementary descriptors are developed: the Transition Occupancy Ratio (TOR) which measures the occupancy of leap-transition classes; the Architecture Energy (AE) defined as the sum of the absolute eigenvalues of the Leap Architecture Matrix and the corresponding Spectral Radius (ρ) which quantifies the dominant architectural connectivity. The proposed framework is applied to a dataset of biologically important regulatory amino acids exhibiting diverse structural and physicochemical characteristics. Its discriminative capability is evaluated through comparisons with established molecular descriptors including the Wiener, Randic and first Zagreb indices, together with Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis and sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that the proposed descriptors capture complementary structural information associated with higher-order molecular organization while maintaining low computational complexity. In particular, the spectral descriptors derived from the Leap Architecture Matrix effectively distinguish subtle variations in molecular architecture that are not fully characterized by conventional topological indices. The proposed matrix framework provides an interpretable and computationally efficient approach for molecular structural characterization and offers a new family of graph-theoretical descriptors with potential applications in molecular similarity analysis, structural classification, spectral graph theory, QSAR/QSPR modeling and computational molecular informatics.

The ethanol extract of H. capitata stems and flowers were prepared using the hot extraction method with 96% ethanol for chemical composition and biological analysis. GC-MS and LC-MS identified 71 compounds across both extracts. The flower extract contained the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (48.47 ± 2.03 mg GAE/g), while the stem extract showed higher total flavonoid content (TFC) (9.21 ± 0.10 mg QE/g), and total triterpenoid contents (TTC) (27.01 ± 1.06 mg OAE/g). The flower extract demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity than the stem extract, with IC50 values of 18.00 ± 0.28 µg/mL (DPPH) and 3.81 ± 0.04 µg/mL (ABTS). It also exhibited antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungal strains (MIC: 500-1000 µg/mL). In addition, both extracts showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, particularly the flower extract (IC50 = 5.87 ± 0.18 µg/mL), compared with the stem extract (IC50 = 23.27 ± 0.77 µg/mL), suggesting the presence of constituents associated with antidiabetic potential. Molecular docking suggested that key compounds-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (stem) and 6β-acetoxy-5-epilimonin (flower)-may contribute to enzyme inhibition, with binding energies of -10.0 and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Overall, these findings suggest that H. capitata, particularly its flowers, represents a promising source of bioactive compounds for further isolation and in vivo validation.

In anesthesia research and clinical practice, the level of consciousness is often assessed by stimulating subjects and observing their responses. It is possible that such stimulation alters the very state of consciousness being assessed. Whether this phenomenon is accompanied by specific cortical activities remains unknown. Here, we tested the effects of behavioral assessments on neuronal activity in the rat primary auditory cortex (A1) and perirhinal cortex (PrC). Neuronal spiking activity was recorded from microwire arrays targeting A1 and/or PrC in rats (n = 9), whilst presenting 40 Hz click-trains and gradually increasing infusion rates of propofol, remifentanil, ketamine or dexmedetomidine. We assessed righting reflex, pain withdrawal, whisking reflex, and corneal reflex every 12&#xa0;minutes (every 360 auditory trials). We searched for significant changes in baseline firing rate and stimulus-evoked activities (where present) due to the behavioral assessments, by comparing 4 min intervals before and after the behavioral tests. Out of 1004 units in 20 sessions, we found significantly elevated activity (p < 0.01) following behavioral tests in 32% and 20% of A1 auditory-responsive units and 8.6% and 5.3% of auditory-unresponsive units under propofol and dexmedetomidine, respectively, but not under remifentanil or ketamine. A higher proportion of units modulated their firing following behavioral tests in A1 compared to PrC, with median gains ranging from +0.23 to +1.06, depending on the specific response feature. Behavioral testing increases ongoing firing rate and responses to sounds in some cortical neurons. This increase is more prevalent in A1 than in PrC, mirroring clinical observations that patients exhibit basic responses under sedation, while complex processing, such as memory encoding, is impaired. The degree of neuronal modulation due to behavioral testing varies between anesthetic agents, mirroring their clinical phenotypes. This study aimed to understand how behavioral testing (such as checking reflexes) affects brain activity during anesthesia. Assessing consciousness by delivering external sensory stimuli may change brain activity, potentially altering the results. The researchers hoped to understand the extent to which activity in cortical neurons is modulated by such stimulation and whether different anesthetics have an impact. The researchers recorded brain activity in rats from the primary auditory cortex (A1), which processes sounds, and the perirhinal cortex (PrC), which is involved in higher-order processes such as associations and memory. Rats were given different anesthetics (propofol, remifentanil, ketamine, or dexmedetomidine) and exposed to sound stimuli. Every 12 min, they tested the rats&#x2019; reflexes and compared their brain activity in the few minutes before and after these tests.They found that, under propofol and dexmedetomidine, approximately 20&#x2013;30% of the sound-responsive neurons in A1 showed increased activity after the tests. Weaker effects were found in neurons that did not respond to sounds, neurons in the PrC, and under the anesthetics remifentanil and ketamine. Testing behavioral responses to external stimuli during sedation can temporarily &#x201c;wake up&#x201d; some neurons in the cortex, which could affect measurements used to assess the level of consciousness. This effect varies by anesthetic, reflecting clinical observations that patients can respond to stimuli but may still lack full awareness. These findings suggest that testing may alter the brain state being observed, and this should be considered in research and clinical practice.

Aqueous zinc batteries hold great potential for grid storage applications; however, their practical deployment is severely limited by parasitic side reactions and uncontrollable dendrite formation. Herein, we design a polyzwitterionic "ion&#x2011;sponge" interphase via an in&#x2011;situ self&#x2011;polymerization strategy. Specifically, under electric&#x2011;field induction, zwitterion monomers polymerize into an ultrathin polyzwitterion layer that electrostatically enriches anions (OTf-, SO4 2 -) and excludes water at the interface. This unique microenvironment enables the in&#x2011;situ reductive conversion of anions into ZnF2 and ZnS. The resulting polyzwitterion-ZnF2/ZnS hybrid SEI enhances both the uniformity of Zn2 + deposition and the Zn2 + migration rate. The interfacial Zn2 + diffusion coefficient reaches 1.9 &#xd7; 10- 4 cm2 s- 1 (100 times higher than the bulk). Consequently, Zn||Zn symmetric cells stably cycle for over 1000&#xa0;h at 5&#xa0;mA cm- 2 and 5&#xa0;mAh cm- 2, and also for over 5500&#xa0;h at -20&#xa0;&#xb0;C. Full cells with V2O5 cathode achieve a high average capacity of 339 mAh g- 1 and 99.9% Coulombic efficiency over 1900 cycles, along with stable low&#x2011;temperature operation. This polyzwitterionic "ion&#x2011;sponge" interphase concept provides in&#x2011;depth insights into interfacial ion transport regulation for high&#x2011;performance aqueous zinc batteries.

Throughout the 9-months of pregnancy, a woman with gestational diabetes (GDM) is expected to celebrate holidays, which makes coping with diabetes difficult and alters routine glucose control. We hypothesized that delivery in the first week following a holiday, might be associated with altered glucose homeostasis, causing more neonatal hypoglycemia. A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary center between the years 2007-2023. Eligible patients were women with a term singleton pregnancy, diagnosed with GDM. Women were allocated into two groups based on the date of their delivery in relation to holidays, in the first week following a holiday (group 1) and at times unrelated to holidays (group 2). The primary outcome was the incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia, defined as a glucose level of less than 40 mg/dL (2.2 mmol/L) within 24 hours of birth. We analyzed 332 cases of GDM and 3,179 GDM control cases. Diet-controlled GDM represented most of our cohort (85%), and the mean blood glucose was tightly kept around 100 mg/dl throughout the labor. Baseline maternal and neonatal demographics were comparable between the groups. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia did not differ between the two groups, reaching 3.3% in the study group and 4.9% in the control group (p=0.19). The mean neonatal blood glucose at the nursery was also comparable between the groups, 63 &#xb1; 10.1 versus 63.2 &#xb1; 10.9 (p=0.95), respectively. GDM patients in group 1 had a higher rate of third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerations than group 2 (1.8% vs. 0.8%, p=0.04). Our findings reassure us that major holidays, when occurring within a week of delivery, do not adversely impact neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. Management of gestational diabetes during holiday periods may be challenging; however, delivery close to holidays does not increase the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Delivery during holiday periods does not increase the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia in women with gestational diabetes.

Graphs provide a natural framework to describe processes shaped by pairwise interactions among agents. But many dynamical systems involve interactions within groups of three or more agents. Here, we develop the "[Formula: see text]-hyperedge approximation," an analytical framework for stochastic processes on regular hypergraphs, in which each individual belongs to [Formula: see text] groups of size [Formula: see text]. The framework accommodates both higher-order interactions that determine payoffs and higher-order processes for updating states in response to payoffs. For evolutionary games on hypergraphs, our analysis generalizes the classical [Formula: see text] rule for cooperation to the [Formula: see text]-player donation game; and it yields critical benefit-to-cost ratios for the nonlinear [Formula: see text]-player public goods game, which remains bounded as the degree grows. Applied to neutral complex contagions, where inheritance of states occurs within hyperedges rather than along parent-offspring edges, the framework gives a closed-form fixation probability, showing how a single complexity parameter governs the spread of rare types. Coupling the two processes produces a unified stochastic model of payoff-biased complex contagions in structured populations. Together, these results extend pair approximation from graphs to hypergraphs, accommodating multiway interactions and group-level inheritance with no pairwise analog.

Patient-reported outcomes are essential for monitoring recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet commonly used instruments differ in scope. The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) is symptom-specific, whereas Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health is a generic measure of physical and mental health. The degree to which these tools provide overlapping versus non-interchangeable information in outpatient TBI care is unclear. We conducted a retrospective observational study at a Level I academic trauma center (June 2018-February 2025). Adults (&#x2265;18&#xa0;years) evaluated for TBI who completed paired RPQ and PROMIS Global Health assessments within &#xb1;3&#xa0;days were included (one paired assessment per patient). Clinical and injury variables were abstracted from the electronic medical record and REDCap; head CT was classified as positive versus negative based on neuroradiology report, and polytrauma was defined as non-neurosurgical injuries requiring additional service management. Associations between PROMIS domains (physical, mental, total; higher scores indicating better health) and RPQ burden (RPQ-3, RPQ-13, total; higher scores indicating greater symptom burden) were assessed using Spearman correlation. Agreement was evaluated using two-way random-effects intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; absolute agreement), Bland-Altman analysis after linear transformation to a 0-100 scale with standardized directionality, and kappa for selected construct-matched item pairs. Of 372 screened patients, 216 met inclusion criteria. Median age was 58&#xa0;years (IQR 39-73); 67% were male; 84% had mild TBI by admission Glasgow Coma Scale; 51% had polytrauma. PROMIS domains showed consistent inverse correlations with RPQ burden (&#x3c1; -0.41 to -0.68; all p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), strongest for PROMIS total versus RPQ-13 (&#x3c1;&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.68) and RPQ total (&#x3c1;&#xa0;=&#xa0;-0.67). Despite these associations, patient-level agreement was poor: ICCs were negative across PROMIS-RPQ pairings (ICC -0.04 to -0.49) and Bland-Altman limits of agreement were wide. Construct-matched item agreement was moderate to substantial (&#x3ba; 0.46-0.64), highest for combined affect ("angry and sad") (&#x3ba;&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.64). PROMIS and RPQ are associated at the group level but demonstrate poor agreement and should not be used interchangeably for individual outpatient TBI monitoring. Findings support combined use of global and symptom-specific instruments across care settings.

Fibroblasts are linked to stress responses in a broad number of diseases. Here, we used immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (iMEFs) to elucidate their signaling behavior in response to proinflammatory lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and angiotensin II (Ang-II). To test for the role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), iMEFs were cultured in glucose- and galactose-containing media promoting glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, respectively. In addition, we used alternative oxidase (AOX), a ubiquinol oxidoreductase that serves as a naturally evolved rescue mechanism in case of ETC disruption. We found that within 24&#xa0;h of treatment, LPS upregulated a number of proinflammatory genes, namely Tlr4, Il6, Tgfb1, Nlrp3, Casp1, and Il1b; largely, the effect was more pronounced in galactose-containing media and attenuated by AOX. The increase in transcripts resulted partly in elevated cytokine secretion. Twenty-four hours of Ang-II treatment also induced these genes, albeit to a lesser degree and less sensitive to AOX. Cellular oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) were higher in galactose media but remained unaffected by either stimulus. Our results suggest that fibroblasts undergo a similar proinflammatory phenotypic shift in response to different stressors. This response is shaped by ETC activity, which, surprisingly, is not reflected in altered OCRs.

Safety is the fundamental guarantee of power production. The safety of power operation personnel is closely related to public welfare and the sustained and stable development of the power industry. However, factors endangering the safety of power operation personnel cover multiple dimensions, including personnel operation, equipment status, working environment, and management system, which pose considerable challenges to the comprehensiveness and accuracy of risk identification. This study integrates scenario construction theory into power operation practice. Based on the grey relational degree and Bayesian network method, a risk assessment method suitable for power operation personnel is constructed and applied in typical power operation scenarios. In this paper, risk assessment methods are used to identify risk factors, calculate their weights, and conduct logical analysis for the operation of live-line connecting branch leads on 10 kV overhead lines. Through scenario construction, the operation is divided into four key stages with distinct dominant risk factors in each stage. The results show that human factors and environmental factors account for relatively high overall weights, which is consistent with the pattern of actual accidents. Among them, the impact of operators' physical and mental health is unexpected and requires special attention. Meanwhile, there is a significant risk transmission effect among procedures, and the quality of preceding procedures directly determines the safety of subsequent operations. The calculated results provide direct data support and a reference for decision-making on the precise control of power operation safety, thereby improving the scientific rigor and effectiveness of safety prevention and control measures for power operations.