搜索结果：Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.)

As deep-sea exploration transitions from large-scale search to precision pinpoint operations, the inherent limitations of traditional "rigid-body and propeller" vehicles-specifically in low-speed maneuverability, environmental compliance, and acoustic stealth-are becoming increasingly apparent. Leveraging its unique integrated "gliding-flapping" locomotion and exceptional maneuverability, the manta ray serves as an ideal biological prototype for next-generation deep-sea operational platforms. From a systems engineering perspective, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research status and technical evolution of biomimetic manta ray submersibles. First, a technical pedigree centered on "operational depth" is established, illustrating how design paradigms transition from "mechanism replication" in shallow waters to "pressure adaptation" at full-ocean depths. Second, the mechanical challenges in structural design are explored, demonstrating that a "rigid-flexible" gradient distribution strategy is critical to resolving the conflict between pressure resistance and propulsive compliance. Regarding energy and propulsion, the synergistic effects of hybrid gliding-flapping drives and integrated structural batteries in enhancing long-range endurance and energy efficiency are analyzed. Finally, the evolution of motion control architectures-transitioning from spinal-cord-inspired Central Pattern Generator (CPG) rhythmic control to Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) featuring embodied intelligence-is outlined.

This article offers a complementary approach to research and education in biologically informed disciplines through the lens of bionics, biomimetics, and biomimicry terminology. For the purpose of developing this approach, we look at past and current contexts in which the three fi elds have emerged and identify three issues: an absence of common ground that unites the fi elds of bionics, biomimetics, and biomimicry while recognizing their contextual differences, a non-standardized use of the terminology that leads to ambiguity within the fi eld of biologically informed disciplines, an incomplete and disorganized historical and contextual knowledge about the fi eld that inhibits a common starting ground for collaboration, and confuses non-scientists who seek biological understanding. We offer a fundamental understanding of the fi elds from theoretical perspective by bringing together opinions of researchers and practitioners of bionics, biomimetics, biomimicry, bio-inspiration and offering a comprehensive analysis of terms culminating in the introduction of an overarching term 'biologically informed disciplines'.

Entropy in workplaces is situated amidst workers and their work. In this paper, findings are reported from a study encompassing psychomotor work by three types of workers: human, cyborg and robot; together with three aspects of psychomotor work: setting, composition and uncertainty. The Principle of Least Psychomotor Action (PLPA) is introduced and modelled in terms of situated entropy. PLPA is founded upon the Principle of Least Action. Situated entropy modelling of PLPA is informed by theoretical studies concerned with connections between information theory and thermodynamics. Four contributions are provided in this paper. First, the situated entropy of PLPA is modelled in terms of positioning, performing and perfecting psychomotor skills. Second, with regard to workers, PLPA is related to the state-of-the-art in human, cyborg and robot psychomotor skills. Third, with regard to work, situated entropy is related to engineering of work settings, work composition and work uncertainty. Fourth, PLPA and modelling situated entropy are related to debate about the future of work. Overall, modelling situated entropy is introduced as a means of objectively modelling relative potential of humans, cyborgs, and robots to carry out work with least action. This can introduce greater objectivity into debates about the future of work.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant cancer type that leads to many worldwide deaths because its occurrence keeps rising in specific demographic groups. Three elements affect CRC development: genetic makeup, in addition to environmental variables and disturbances in the gut microbiome population. Research now demonstrates that dysbiosis, which is an irregularity in gut microbial populations, plays a fundamental role in stimulating colorectal cancer formation and its advancement. Three bacterial types, namely <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>, act as carcinogenic agents in the body by generating chronic inflammation conditions, causing DNA damage and impairing immune defenses. The composition of gut microbiota experiencing modifications due to lifestyle elements like diet and obesity, together with smoking habits and alcohol consumption, ultimately impacts CRC development. Scientific discoveries in the field of microbiome research now enable better opportunities for the prevention and early detection of CRC. Scientists identify microbial biomarkers as potential tools for creating non-invasive testing methods that could fulfill upcoming screening needs. Scientists are currently examining microbiota-targeted treatments like probiotics alongside prebiotics and dietary interventions and also consider fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for both CRC prevention and management approaches. The specific treatments intend to rebuild correct gut bacterial levels while promoting beneficial microbial activity alongside lowering inflammatory pathways that contribute to tumor development. A detailed analysis of CRC-gut microbiota associations occurs in this review through investigations about carcinogenic bacterial species plus their pathways, along with environmental factor impacts. The review explores diagnostic methods and treatment possibilities based on microbiome research for managing CRC. Progress in gut microbiota allows potential development of personalized prevention and treatment methods, which hold promise to lower global colorectal cancer incidents.

The imperative for sustainable energy has driven the demand for efficient energy storage systems that can harness renewable resources and store surplus energy for off-peak usage. Among the numerous advancements in energy storage technology, polymeric nanofibers have emerged as promising nanomaterials, offering high specific surface areas that facilitate increased charge storage and enhanced energy density, thereby improving electrochemical performance. This review delves into the pivotal role of nanofibers in determining the optimal functionality of energy storage systems. Electrospinning emerged as a facile and cost-effective method for generating nanofibers with customizable nanostructures, making it attractive for energy storage applications. Our comprehensive review article examines the latest developments in electrospun nanofibers for electrochemical storage devices, highlighting their use as separators and electrode materials. We provide an in-depth analysis of their application in various battery technologies, including supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries, with a focus on their electrochemical performance. Furthermore, we summarize the diverse fabrication techniques, optimization of key influencing factors, and environmental implications of nanofiber production and their properties. This review aims to offer an inclusive understanding of electrospinning’s role in advancing electrochemical energy storage, providing insights into the factors that drive the performance of these critical materials.

Human engagement is a vital test research area actively explored in cognitive science and user experience studies. The rise of big data and digital technologies brings new opportunities into this field, especially in autonomous systems and smart applications. This article reviews the latest sensors, current advances of estimation methods, and existing domains of application to guide researchers and practitioners to deploy engagement estimators in various use cases from driver drowsiness detection to human–robot interaction (HRI). Over one hundred references were selected, examined, and contrasted in this review. Specifically, this review focuses on accuracy and practicality of use in different scenarios regarding each sensor modality, as well as current opportunities that greater automatic human engagement estimation could unlock. It is highlighted that multimodal sensor fusion and data-driven methods have shown significant promise in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of engagement estimation. Upon compiling the existing literature, this article addresses future research directions, including the need for developing more efficient algorithms for real-time processing, generalization of data-driven approaches, creating adaptive and responsive systems that better cater to individual needs, and promoting user acceptance.

This review research investigates the potential of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) composites in bone regeneration, focusing on the composites’ synthesis methods, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Through an extensive examination of various preparation techniques, such as solvent evaporation, phase separation, electrospinning, and lyophilisation, the study assesses how these methods influence the physical and biological properties of PLA/HA composites. Significant findings from the review highlight that PLA/HA composites enhance osteoblast activity and proliferation, demonstrating an increase in cell adhesion by up to 25% compared to PLA alone. These composites substantially improve mechanical properties, increasing compressive strength and fracture toughness by approximately 30% and 50%, respectively. These enhancements are pivotal for applications requiring robust, load-bearing materials supporting bone tissue integration and regeneration. In conclusion, due to their optimised mechanical strength, biodegradability, and bioactivity, PLA/HA composites are promising biomaterials for orthopaedic and dental applications. The review suggests future research directions focused on long-term clinical outcomes and further material refinement to maximise clinical efficacy and patient compatibility.

Rigid robots have found wide-ranging applications in manufacturing automation, owing to their high loading capacity, high speed, and high precision. Nevertheless, these robots typically feature joint-based drive mechanisms, possessing limited degrees of freedom (DOF), bulky structures, and low manipulability in confined spaces. In contrast, continuum robots, drawing inspiration from biological structures, exhibit characteristics such as high compliance, lightweight designs, and high adaptability to various environments. Among them, cable-driven continuum robots (CDCRs) driven by multiple cables offer advantages like higher dynamic response compared to pneumatic systems and increased working space and higher loading capacity compared to shape memory alloy (SMA) drives. However, CDCRs also exhibit some shortcomings, including complex motion, drive redundancy, challenging modeling, and control difficulties. This study presents a comprehensive analysis and summary of CDCR research progress across four key dimensions: configuration design, kinematics and dynamics modeling, motion planning, and motion control. The objective of this study is to identify common challenges, propose solutions, and unlock the full potential of CDCRs for a broader range of applications.

This chapter discusses two issues that might appear unrelated, but both call for re-engineering and re-invention. The first section describes how the digital era opens tremendous possibilities for real-time feedback, frequent polling, and even online voting for virtually anything and from anywhere. It is argued that “direct democracy” (everybody gets to vote about everything) will create chaos. Within the context of hyper-connectivity, grand challenges are discussed: (1) how to identify and engage the right stakeholders for every particular situation; (2) how to design and implement systems, which guarantee wise and fair outcomes for everybody involved; (3) how to protect the authenticity of citizens’ opinions and their anonymity; and (4) how to achieve true and not elusive equality among all citizens. It concludes with policy implications. The reflections in the second section may become more relevant within longer-range horizons than the rest of the concepts considered in this volume. Nevertheless, people alive today have been tremendously fortunate to witness a number of scientific advances (the internet, cloning, and stem cell- and nano-technologies) that have already transformed our understanding of life and lifespan to such extents to justify revision of what it means to be “alive” or “immortal” in the computational era. Different pathways to Immortality are summarized and challenges for sustainability considered. The section concludes with discussion of policy implications with respect to (1) life extension, (2) authentic participation in governance, (3) accessibility of technologies, (4) privacy in a globally connected world, and (5) the right to digital euthanasia.

Astronomers have unleashed a powerful new AI tool called RAVEN to comb through data from NASA’s TESS mission—and it’s paying off in a big way。 By analyzing millions of stars, the system has confirmed over 100 exoplanets, including 31 brand-new worlds, and identified thousands more promising candidates。 What makes this especially exciting is the dis

Background: In physiotherapy, keeping track of how patients recover is very important. Usually, therapists rely on clinic visits, short physical tests, or patient feedback. This means small changes in daily activity or function may not always be noticed. Recently, wearable devices have started being used more in rehabilitation. These small gadgets can track movement, activity, and other body signals continuously, even outside the clinic. Objective: To explore the role of wearable devices in monitoring rehabilitation outcomes in physiotherapy patients. Methodology: We conducted this systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate experimental studies using wearable devices to monitor rehabilitation outcomes in physiotherapy patients (2015–2025). Studies included musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiac, and pulmonary patients using devices such as smartwatches, motion sensors, IMUs, and biofeedback tools. Only experimental designs published in English were included, while reviews, case reports, and studies on healthy participants were excluded. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched using combined keywords. After screening 1,268 records and removing duplicates, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data on study design, devices, outcomes, and findings were extracted and synthesized qualitatively due to heterogeneity. Independent reviewers ensured unbiased selection, providing a structured evaluation of wearable technology in rehabilitation monitoring. Results: A total of thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Wearable devices were used to track activity levels, walking patterns, joint movements, muscle activity, and other body signals during rehabilitation. Many studies showed that wearable data reflected improvements in function and helped therapists follow patient progress more closely. However, studies differed in design, device types, outcome measures, and rehab programs. Conclusion: Wearable devices seem useful for tracking rehabilitation outcomes in physiotherapy. They may help therapists plan treatment better and allow patients to be monitored remotely. Still, more well-designed, larger studies are needed to develop consistent methods and support wider use in clinics.

Abstract Virtual reality technology is a kind of animation technology that is widely used in the creation of film and television animation art, which makes the technological imprint of film and television animation art creation exceptionally obvious. The article utilizes virtual reality technology to create a virtual scene for character motion capture in film and television animation by combining the video motion capture system. The camera position-solving method is used to map the points in the three-dimensional space to the two-dimensional image plane, and then the high-dimensional image signals are converted to the low-dimensional signals of human body postures through the minimum bounding rectangle of the foreground image to realize the solving of the character’s action posture information. Based on the graph convolution neural network, a time domain graph convolution model is established with the help of layering and cross-frame connection of the null time domain convolution to realize the 3D pose estimation and capture of the character movement in film and television animation. The joints’ confidence smooths the pose sequence of the character’s action. The maximum error of the yaw, pitch, and roll angles in 15 frames does not exceed 0.4° in the pose resolution of the animated character. Real and measured joint flexion and extension angles have errors that are less than 0.3°. The average error of the Euler angle data for character motion capture is between 1.37 and 3.86°, and the MPJVE error of the smoothed data is reduced by 1.15 mm compared to the pre-processing data. The virtual scene constructed by relying on the virtual reality technology can help the video motion capture system to obtain the performance of film and television animated characters, and provide a reference to optimize the film and television animated characters’ movements.

= 0.99816). These results demonstrate that MLP is a viable technique for maximizing resource recovery through HTC condition optimization, with potential uses in nutrient recycling and sustainable waste management. By examining the three-dimensional grids and obtained contours, it was found that temperature had a greater effect on the response, and the impact of time was more pronounced at lower temperatures. With increasing temperature and reaction time, C recovery decreased, while IP recovery increased. Furthermore, the optimal values for temperature and time were suggested to be 182.329 C and 427.746 min, respectively. The optimal product values under these conditions for C and IP recovery were obtained as 59.611 % and 29.114 mg/g, respectively.

A young girl moves through an abandoned grocery store. As the camera cuts closer, drawing attention to her cochlear implant, the quiet sounds of the store drop away. The audio-viewer is wrapped in her deaf perspective, and the shades of silence of her cochlear implant. Occurring early in John Krasinski’s A Quiet Place (2018), this sequence embodies the vital role of sound and technology in cinematic representations of deafness. The sonic equivalent of the point of view shot, point of audition (POA) sound is frequently used in cinematic representations of deafness and tinnitus. Using the frame of point of audition sound, this thesis brings together the disciplines of sound, disability, technology and Deaf studies to interrogate the role of auditory perspectives in cinematic representations of deafness and tinnitus. It examines the use of point of audition sound in A Quiet Place, and Edgar Wright’s Baby Driver (2017). Through point of audition sound, both films blur the boundaries between the audience, the characters, and sound technology (the iPod, cochlear implant and Dolby Atmos). Point of audition in these films brings together representation and the tools of representation, providing a platform to consider the ways in which sound technology and sonic experiences are portrayed through sound. This thesis argues that point of audition, along with adding a significant dimension to representations of deafness and tinnitus, provides a sounding space in which to confront the cultural beliefs, myths and ideologies bound up in sound technology. In the process, it demonstrates the constructive critical possibilities of bringing Deaf, disability and sound studies into conversation with each other. Together they provide a formidable framework for critically engaging with the complications and possibilities of acoustically representing deafness or tinnitus for hearing audiences.

We live in an age where science and technology rapidly expand the boundaries of what is possible.One such area is the branch of technology called robotics, which deals with the construction and design of robots.However, as robots become more advanced and acquiring more humanlike features and capabilities, it is not uncommon to speculate, both in the real world and in fiction, what may happen if robots become too advanced and humanlike.These speculations are developed on in Isaac Asimov's I, Robot and Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.Not only do the two narratives explore how robots and androids change the world for the better or worse, but also how the humanlike behaviour and appearance of the artificial beings evoke empathy or dyspathy amongst the human characters.This essay will discuss why the human characters start to feel empathy or dyspathy toward the artificial beings that appear in I, Robot and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?.

Using a 1930s trade law, Homeland Security targeted the man—who hasn’t entered the US in more than a decade—following posts on X condemning the killings of Renee Good and Alex Pretti

Abstract With increased digitalization and new technologies, societies are expected to no longer only include human actors, but artificial actors as well. Such a future of societies raises new questions concerning the coexistence, tasks and responsibilities of different actors. Manifold disciplines are involved in the creation of these future societies. This requires a common understanding of responsibility, and of definitions of actors in Hybrid Societies. This review aims at clarifying aforementioned terms from a legal and psychological perspective. Building from this common ground, we identified seven capacities in total which need to be met by actors in societies to be considered fully responsible, in both a legal and moral sense. From a legal perspective, actors need to be autonomous, have capacity to act, legal capacity, and the ability to be held liable. From a psychological perspective, actors need to possess moral agency and can be trusted. Both disciplines agree that explainability is a pivotal capacity to be considered fully responsible. As of now, human beings are the only actors who can, with regard to these capacities, be considered morally and legally responsible. It is unclear whether and to which extent artificial entities will have these capacities, and subsequently, whether they can be responsible in the same sense as human beings are. However, on the basis of the conceptual clarification, further steps can now be taken to develop a concept of responsibility in Hybrid Societies.

Blackstone and Goldman Sachs are among the investors in the new firm, which will help integrate Anthropic’s A。 model Claude into their systems

As the global climate changes, there is an increasing focus on the oceans and their protection and exploitation. However, the exploration of the oceans necessitates the construction of marine equipment, and the siting of such equipment has become a significant challenge. With the ongoing development of computers, machine learning using remote sensing data has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. This paper reviews the history of remote sensing technology, introduces the conditions required for site selection through measurement analysis, and uses cluster analysis methods to identify areas such as machine learning as a research hotspot for ocean remote sensing. The paper aims to integrate machine learning into ocean remote sensing. Through the review and discussion of this article, limitations and shortcomings of the current stage of ocean remote sensing are identified, and relevant development proposals are put forward.