Job crafting is a proactive behavior through which teachers adjust their work tasks, relationships, and cognitions, and is positively associated with professional identity. However, the psychological mechanism linking job crafting to professional identity remains unclear among primary and secondary school physical education (PE) teachers. This study investigated this relationship, focusing on the chain mediating roles of work stress and positive psychological capital. The sample consisted of 850 primary and secondary school physical education teachers from 10 provinces in China (50% male, 50% female; mean age 34.75 ± 8.42 years). They completed measures of job crafting, professional identity, work stress, and positive psychological capital. Mediation analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 with the PROCESS macro (Model 6), applying 5,000 bootstrap resamples. Job crafting was significantly and positively correlated with professional identity (r = 0.433, p < 0.001). Regression results showed that job crafting positively predicted professional identity (β = 0.433, p < 0.001), negatively predicted work stress (β = -0.351, p < 0.001), and positively predicted positive psychological capital (β = 0.459, p < 0.001). Work stress negatively predicted professional identity (β = -0.453, p < 0.001), whereas positive psychological capital positively predicted it. More importantly, the indirect effects of job crafting on professional identity via work stress alone, via positive psychological capital alone, and via the sequential pathway of work stress followed by positive psychological capital were all significant (95% CI did not include zero). The total indirect effect accounted for 51.4% of the total effect. Job crafting is positively associated with professional identity among primary and secondary school physical education teachers, with work stress and positive psychological capital serving both independent and chain mediating roles. These findings highlight that reducing work stress and boosting positive psychological capital form a key psychological pathway through which job crafting is associated with higher levels of professional identity, offering practical value for designing targeted teacher development interventions.
Rapid and continuous organizational changes in healthcare systems may increase the risk of change fatigue among nurse leaders, potentially affecting both workforce stability and care quality. However, the heterogeneity of change fatigue and its associated factors among nurse leaders remain insufficiently understood. To identify distinct latent profiles of change fatigue among nurse leaders in a multicenter sample, and to examine factors related to profile membership, particularly job crafting. This multicenter cross-sectional study was included 1,769 nurse leaders recruited from 76 hospitals across Hubei Province, China. This study utilized a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Change Fatigue Scale, and the Job Crafting Scale. A latent profile analysis was conducted on nurse leaders' change fatigue, and univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to identify the factors influencing the latent profile categories of change fatigue among nurse leaders. Change fatigue among nurse leaders was represented by three latent profiles: a low change fatigue-proactive adaptive profile (31.3%), a moderate change fatigue-tolerant adaptive profile (50.5%), and a high change fatigue-maladaptive profile (18.2%). Multinomial logistic regression indicated that health condition, type of hospital, experience of changing employment, income satisfaction, and dimensions of job crafting were correlates of profile membership. Specifically, poorer health condition and lower income satisfaction increased the probability of belonging to the moderate and high change fatigue profiles compared with the low profile (p < 0.01), whereas greater cognitive crafting was linked to a reduced probability of membership in higher fatigue profiles (p < 0.001). Nurse leaders generally reported a moderate level of change fatigue. Change fatigue showed clear heterogeneity, indicating that individuals in the moderate and high fatigue profiles warrant particular attention. In addition, change fatigue was negatively related to job crafting, suggesting that enhancing job crafting may help reduce change fatigue among nurse leaders.
Family encouragement and family-transmitted businesses play a crucial role in sustaining crafts and folk art across generations, serving as a key driver in safeguarding this form of intangible cultural heritage. Research on family businesses has mostly focused on business aspects, with far less attention to the family relationships and dynamics associated with them. This mixed-methods study sought to investigate how family transmission of crafts and folk art is associated with family relationships and cohesion. The research was conducted in a UNESCO Creative City of crafts and folk art in Portugal. Seventy professional artisans who reported family transmission of their practice participated in walking interviews in their ateliers and completed the Family APGAR scale, as well as a sociodemographic, professional, and family transmission questionnaire. Participants were aged 22 to 88 years (Md = 63), and most were male (64.3%, n = 45). All artisans were active in one of eight craft sectors. The majority were married /common-law (82.8%), had children (90%) and grandchildren (54.3%). Family APGAR scores ranged from 7 to 10 points, classifying families as highly functional. Significant positive correlations were found between family functioning and age (p = 0.041). Thematic content analysis revealed artisans' perceptions of the positive and negative impacts of family transmission of crafts, with 11 main areas emerging in their discourse related to family relationships and cohesion. Positive implications highlighted intergenerational solidarity dynamics associated with legacy transmission and cultural heritage preservation. Overall, the generative sense of parents toward subsequent generations was evident, contributing to family cohesion and the well-being of those involved. This study suggests that family-transmitted crafts and folk art sustain cultural heritage while reinforcing family relationships and cohesion, indicating that policies supporting artisanal practices should consider the family context as relevant to their effectiveness.
BackgroundElectronic performance monitoring (EPM) is increasingly embedded in digitally managed workplaces, yet its effects on employees' adaptive work behaviors remain mixed, particularly in project-based professional settings.ObjectiveThis study examines how EPM affects construction and engineering professionals' job crafting behaviors through the mediating roles of transactional and relational psychological contracts. It also investigates whether performance goal orientation, specifically performance-approach and performance-avoidance orientations, moderates these relationships.MethodsA three-wave, time-lagged survey was conducted with 312 construction and engineering professionals from seven engineering-related firms in eastern and southern China. EPM exposure, psychological contract types, and job crafting behaviors were measured across three monthly intervals. Performance goal orientations were also assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to test a moderated mediation model.ResultsEPM was associated with promotion-focused job crafting through relational psychological contracts, particularly among employees high in performance-approach orientation. In contrast, EPM was associated with prevention-focused job crafting through transactional psychological contracts, especially among those high in performance-avoidance orientation. These findings reveal distinct cognitive and motivational pathways underlying employees' responses to monitoring systems.ConclusionsThe findings show that EPM does not produce uniform effects, but rather shapes different forms of job crafting depending on employees' psychological contract perceptions and goal orientations. This study contributes to understanding employee adaptation under digital surveillance and offers practical insight for designing monitoring systems that support constructive engagement rather than defensive responses.
This study proposes an integrated operational framework fusing Qualia Theory and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to address subjective ambiguities in modernizing Chaozhou woodcarving crafts. Leveraging multi-source data-including 9784 scraped e-commerce reviews (2699 validated samples), expert interviews, and user questionnaires-we identified a five-dimensional criterion layer (Delicacy, Engineering, Creativity, Charm, Aesthetic Appeal) with 15 sub-indicators. AHP-derived weights (CR < 0.1) prioritized Craftsmanship Delicacy (0.320) and Engineering Integrity (0.250) as dominant dimensions, with "knife-work refinement" (global weight: 0.150) and "structural robustness" (0.130) as critical design parameters. Notably, Aesthetic Appeal (0.090) held the lowest weight, revealing a user preference for technical mastery over pure form. Guided by these weights, a parameter-driven 3D modeling process informed three thematic lighting prototypes. Empirical evaluation via fuzzy comprehensive evaluation demonstrated progressive satisfaction scores (Scheme "a": 77.72; "b": 79.30; "c": 80.52), suggesting the framework's effectiveness in translating subjective perceptions into objective design optimization. This work provides a replicable, data-driven paradigm for the evidence-based modernization of intangible cultural heritage.
An efficient cascade reaction has been developed for the stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclopenta[b]indole scaffolds using a sequence of aza-Piancatelli rearrangement followed by an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction as a key step. This facile one-pot protocol is very general, exhibits excellent stereochemical control, and provides easy access to biologically relevant cyclopenta[b]indole scaffolds in very good yields.
In recent years, universities have demonstrated heightened recognition of and concern for students' mental health by expanding mental health services as well as campus-wide mental health promotion campaigns. This article examines peer education -- a growing initiative on American campuses in which students work with their institution to create and deliver health education and awareness campaigns to their peers. I present findings from an ethnographic study including 30 interviews with student peer health educators and their supervisory staff, participant observation among three university programs, and content analysis of digital and print media created by peer educators. Using the framework of boundary objects (Star & Griesemer, 1989), I show how mental health education-and the very construct of "student mental health"- is produced in mental health promotion campaigns. As they co-construct mental health promotion initiatives, peer educators and their supervisors rely upon ambiguous working definitions of mental health that homogenize mental health challenges while individualizing their remedy through broad appeals to stress management. In this way, "student mental health" becomes synonymous with student success and retention, obscuring the shared and structural bases of student distress.
Two spiro-acridine-based deep-blue MR-TADF emitters, SABN and SABN-SA, were developed via one-shot borylation. Both emitters exhibit ultranarrow blue emission (fwhm: 18-19 nm) and high PLQYs (>80%). The SABN-SA OLED achieves a maximum EQE of 19.8% with BT.2020-compatible deep-blue emission, demonstrating the effectiveness of spiro engineering for high-performance narrowband MR-TADF emitters.
Despite the demonstrated potential of superwood materials (engineered or modified wood products, such as densified, thermally modified, or cross-laminated timber, that exhibit enhanced strength, dimensional stability, and resource efficiency relative to conventional timber) and artificial intelligence (AI) to advance sustainable manufacturing, their adoption remains negligible among artisanal furniture producers in resource-constrained developing economies. This study investigates whether and how AI can facilitate superwood utilization within Nigeria's furniture artisan sector, a context characterized by rising timber scarcity, environmental pressure, and limited technological integration. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, comprising a survey of 196 furniture artisans and in-depth interviews with 30 practitioners across South-East Nigeria, analyzed using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and thematic analysis. Quantitative results revealed low awareness of superwood (34.2%) and AI (45.4%), with substantive AI understanding only 7.7%. Knowledge deficits constituted the most severe barrier (mean > 4.3), followed by financial constraints and infrastructure limitations. Structural equation modeling confirmed TAM relationships: perceived usefulness strongly predicted attitude and behavioural intention, while perceived ease of use remained low (superwood M = 2.87, AI M = 2.65), indicating that anticipated complexity hinders adoption. Qualitative findings elaborated on economic pressures, cultural attachment to traditional hardwoods, cooperative procurement preferences, and unreliable electricity/internet as enabling conditions. In response, the study developed the Contextually Appropriate Framework for AI-Facilitated Superwood Utilization (CAFAISU), integrating knowledge ecosystems, phased technology implementation, financial accessibility mechanisms, sociocultural integration, and infrastructure support. Overall, the findings indicate that AI may serve as a facilitating mechanism particularly through design optimization, mobile-based knowledge dissemination, and cooperative procurement but only once foundational knowledge, financial, infrastructural, and cultural barriers are addressed. Realizing this potential requires targeted, multipronged interventions that address these deficits simultaneously, beginning with the knowledge and infrastructure foundations on which subsequent technology adoption depends.
The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with the development of wounds in the acutely ill patient population with COVID-19 and to classify the types of wounds seen in these patients. Retrospective single-center descriptive study. The target population was acutely ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection who developed wounds during their hospital course. Data collection occurred between March 1, 2020, and March 1, 2022. The sample comprised data from 505 hospitalized patients; most were male (n = 292 patients, 58%) and White (n = 341, 67.5%). Their mean age was mean age was 59.1 years. Common comorbid conditions were renal failure (n = 251, 72.3%), sepsis (n = 245, 70.6%), and malnutrition (n = 116, 33.4%). The study setting was the Shands Teaching Hospital (Gainesville FL), which is located in the Southeastern United States. Researchers collaborated with the UF Health Integrated Data Repository (IDR) to identify eligible patients, develop a data abstraction manual, and standardize tools to ensure consistency and reliability in data collection. Approximately 4,000 COVID-19-positive patients were hospitalized during this period, and wound diagnoses were identified through cross-referencing the IDR COVID-19 limited data set, i2b2, and detailed chart reviews, including nursing flowsheets and wound consults. Independent team members performed annotation and quality assurance throughout the process. The average oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the sample was 96.2%, with some patients reaching critically low levels of 77.9%, and a mean fibrinogen level of 452 mg/dl. Their average ICU stay was 22.3 days, and the mortality rate was 15.1%. A weak negative correlation was found between SPO2 and fibrinogen levels (Kendall τ = -0.13, P = .00), and between fibrinogen levels and vasopressor use (Kendall τ = -0.18, P = .01). Lower oxygen saturation, elevated fibrinogen levels, and increased vasopressor use may increase the risk of coagulopathy and wound development in patients with COVID-19, particularly in the presence of sepsis and renal failure, which increases the risk of acute skin failure (ASF). Many wounds may have been misdiagnosed as HAPI rather than ASF. Future research should focus on establishing standardized ASF diagnostic criteria to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Na4Fe2Mn(PO4)2(P2O7) has received widespread attention due to high energy density and less structural variations. However, its rate capability and cycling performance are far inferior to expectations. This study unveils underlying failure mechanisms for the performance degradation: "electrostrictive" coupled-disruption driven by charge changes causes the Na+ channels closure, while irregular cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) growth hinders interface Na+ diffusion and causes transition metal dissolution. Therefore, halogen elements (F, Cl, Br) are introduced into the material through defect-engineering. The strong electronegativity of F and the spatial effects of Cl/Br effectively regulate the coordination environment to suppress the coupled-disruption. Furthermore, the surface halogen elements spontaneously combine with Na+, ultimately forming uniform, surface organic-rich and interior inorganic-rich CEI layers. Based on this, the modified material shows high-rate performance (55.0 mAh g-1 at 200 C) with ultra-long cycle stability (98% after 20000 cycles at 50 C) and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in full-cell and all-solid-state battery applications.
This work presents a strategy for integrating polyethylene (PE) aromatization and Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation reactions via methanol reduction for upgrading PE to 79.0 wt% liquid with 56.1 wt% aromatics at 280 °C, enabled by a bifunctional NiGa/ZSM-5-H catalyst. In the catalyst design, hierarchical ZSM-5-H promotes cracking of PE, while Ga serves not only as an active site for aromatization and alkylation but also suppresses Ni0 formation by withdrawing electron density from Ni, ensuring that Ni2+ remains as the active catalytic site for methanol reduction. Hydrogen species derived from PE aromatization participate in methanol reduction, while methanol functions mainly as a hydrogen sink and methyl donor yet also releases some hydrogen under reaction conditions, allowing the PE aromatization and methanol reduction steps to be coupled. In the presence of hydrogen, methanol reduction generates methyl species that promote Friedel-Crafts-type alkylation, incorporating methyl groups into the alkyl substituents of aromatics and boosting C9-C10 alkylaromatics yields by more than 600%. By introducing 0.99 g/g methanol equivalent into the PE-catalyst reaction system, aromatic and C9-C10 alkylaromatics yields are more than double those without methanol. The strategy is applicable to upgrading of polyolefins and offers a practical route for industrial processing of plastic waste.
A divergent total synthesis of enamine pyranonaphthoquinones BE-54238A and -B is described. This synthesis features (1) concise preparation of a pyrrolidine unit, (2) regioselective Friedel-Crafts reaction, and (3) biomimetic construction of the enamine pyranonaphthoquinone motif through imine formation and tautomerization. Mechanistic insight into the diastereoselectivity in the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the photolability of the pyrrolidinyl naphthoquinone were studied.
The intersection of art and orthopaedic surgery represents a profound synthesis of technical precision, aesthetic sensibility, and humanistic care. This narrative review examines the artistic dimensions of orthopaedic surgery, with particular emphasis on hand and upper extremity procedures in which form and function are inextricably linked. We trace the historical evolution of surgical artistry from Renaissance anatomists and craftsmen, including Ambroise Pare, whose articulated prosthetic hands united the ingenuity of locksmiths with the vision of surgeons, through nineteenth-century operative theatre culture, in which surgical skill was evaluated for its elegance and grace as much as its outcomes, to modern microsurgery and the age of robotics. Drawing on a systematic review of peer-reviewed sources spanning anatomy, reconstructive surgery, outcomes research, and the philosophy of craft, we analyse the application of core artistic principles, proportion, symmetry, harmony, rhythm, and balance, to surgical practice, demonstrating that these concepts provide a functional framework for operative decision-making, technique selection, and outcome evaluation. The surgeon's role extends beyond technical competence to encompass aesthetic judgment, creative problem-solving, spatial visualisation, and an appreciation for the beauty inherent in anatomical restoration. Specific techniques in hand and upper extremity surgery are examined as case studies of artistic principle applied to clinical practice: toe-to-hand microsurgical transfer, soft-tissue flap coverage, fingertip and nail reconstruction, scar management, rheumatoid hand reconstruction, and congenital deformity correction each illustrate how aesthetic refinement and functional restoration are not competing objectives but mutually reinforcing goals. Patient-reported outcomes related to aesthetic satisfaction are evaluated through validated measures including the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), with evidence confirming that hand appearance constitutes a significant determinant of patient satisfaction, psychological well-being, and quality of life (QoL). The education of the surgeon's hand, through apprenticeship, deliberate practice, and embodied tactile experience with instruments, is identified as an irreplaceable component of surgical formation that no technological advance can render obsolete. We conclude that excellence in orthopaedic surgery demands mastery of three interrelated domains: scientific knowledge, technical skill, and artistic sensibility. Future directions include the formal integration of aesthetic training into surgical curricula, development of objective aesthetic outcome metrics, expanded use of three-dimensional imaging for aesthetic planning, and institutional recognition of the artistic dimensions of surgical practice as essential components of comprehensive, patient-centred care.
The influence of early-life experiences is widely acknowledged as a crafting tool that sculpts complex behavioral patterns and well-being of living organisms. The use of preclinical models can provide invaluable insight into how a negative environmental push interplays with genetic make-up in shaping psychiatric vulnerability. Recently, the development of automated tools to classify spontaneous behavior in mice has opened the possibility to investigate the impact of experimental manipulation onto the composition of naturalistic behavior. In this work, we applied a tool for digitalized ethological screening to identify spontaneous hallmarks of altered neurobehavioral functioning in a dual-hit mouse model. To do so, mice carrying heterozygous deletion of the gene coding for contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2+/-) and their wild-type (WT) littermates were raised with limited bedding and nesting (LBN) and compared to both WT and Cntnap2+/- mice raised in standard conditions, mapping their spontaneous behavior during freely-moving exploration. Our data show no differences in locomotor activity or anxiety indicators across the four groups. By contrast, automated segmentation of the body-language revealed a significant impact of both genotype and early-life experience in shaping the spontaneous behavioral program. Thus, using unsupervised clustering, we unveiled two alternative behavioral profiles within our dataset. We found that one of the identified profiles largely overlapped with Cntnap2+/- mice raised with LBN, while the other was equally shared among controls. We conclude that the coincidence of early-life adversity and Cntnap2 haploinsufficiency shapes an anomalous behavioral structure in rodents.
Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a metabolism-linked post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a critical role in regulating gene expression, stress responses, and disease progression. Despite its emerging biological significance, identifying Kbhb sites remains limited due to the cost and complexity of experimental methods. Prior work such as KbhbXG is constrained by its reliance on hand-crafted features and lacks the ability to model contextual dependencies within sequences. To address this challenge, we present DeepKbhb, a deep learning framework designed for human Kbhb site identification. By integrating sequence embeddings and six engineered descriptors through a bilinear attention network, DeepKbhb effectively captures position-dependent relationships essential for accurate Kbhb site prediction. On an independent test set, DeepKbhb achieved state-of-the-art performance with an accuracy of 0.856, an F1-score of 0.863, and a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.716. Experimental results across multiple evaluation metrics confirm the superior performance of DeepKbhb, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool for advancing Kbhb-related functional and mechanistic studies. This capability can further support disease-oriented research, particularly in cancer, metabolic disorders, and immune regulation. Further sequence analyses revealed distinct local amino acid preferences, supporting the biological relevance of our model. The web interface is accessible at https://awi.cuhk.edu.cn/~DeepKbhb/.
In this opinion piece, we present the view that the safety and security of end users should be placed at the heart of the design and development of any AI-based system deployed on an online service to ensure that risks of harm are minimized. We also posit that while well-crafted regulatory frameworks are necessary to ensure user safety, the growing awareness among users of issues related to trust and safety creates an additional incentive for providers of online services to prioritize user well-being. We provide a brief overview of how online safety relates to several widely used systems on online services that utilize or interact with AI, discussing examples of potential risks of harm, which may be enabled or reinforced by these systems, alongside techniques for mitigating these harms. Future challenges and opportunities across these areas are discussed, along with a summary of how user, device and platform diversity can impact users' experiences with AI-based systems on online services. This article is part of the theme issue 'Safe, secure and robust AI for safety-critical systems'.
This tutorial provides speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with foundational knowledge to support their communication interventions with children and youth who are deafblind. This is a small disability group of great heterogeneity, with most having some functional vision and/or hearing and additional disabilities. The impact of deafblindness cannot be understood by adding the impacts of the child's hearing loss and visual impairment, as these senses frequently interact as the two distance senses for learning. Deafblindness greatly reduces both observational and incidental learning, necessitating the crafting of experiences and direct teaching of concepts. Children who are deafblind learn through the parts-to-whole approach, experiencing part of a context or experience and then needing the support of a trusted other to guide meaning-making. Receptive and expressive communication is often multimodal. This tutorial provides a foundation on deafblindness, including a focus on learning and cognitive development, communication development, communication assessment, literacy development, and evidence-based practices and professional competencies. Additionally, the interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) framework is provided to support collaboration among SLPs and other professionals. Communication interventions for individuals who are deafblind should be carefully designed to include the four key aspects of communication: form, function, content, and context. These aspects should be tailored to the individual's communication development level and their understanding of symbols. IPCP is important for sharing knowledge of the child and professional expertise.
Diffusion models have emerged as state-of-the-art generative models, capable of producing high-quality synthetic outputs. These generated contents serve two key purposes in practice: as end-user facing products ("Generated Content as Product", GCAP) and for data augmentation in machine learning pipelines ("Generated Content as Data", GCAD). The expedited deployment of diffusion models has heightened awareness of their potential vulnerabilities, among which backdoor attacks are identified as a prominent concern. However, existing backdoor attack methods primarily focus on the conventional GCAP scenario and are constrained by their reliance on perceptible, pixel-based triggers. The lack of exploration on imperceptible attacks and the neglect of GCAD scenario may exacerbate security risks and broaden the reach of adversarial impacts. To unveil hidden attack surfaces, we address the noted challenges and propose Evil Diffusion (ELF), a novel framework for launching stealthy backdoor attacks on diffusion models, including two algorithms tailored for the GCAP and GCAD scenarios, respectively. First, we introduce ELF-P, a two-stage training algorithm that autonomously learns a frequency-based stealthy trigger for the GCAP scenario. ELF-P employs perceptual and defense-resistant constraints in the frequency domain to craft a human-imperceptible trigger that is resilient to common steganography defenses, enabling highly covert backdooring of diffusion models. Second, we present ELF-D, an algorithm designed for the GCAD scenario that poisons a conditional diffusion model to compromise specific downstream tasks. ELF-D introduces perturbations into task-critical frequency components of generated images, allowing compromised diffusion models to subtly undermine the performance of downstream models trained on their outputs. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed ELF framework in both scenarios, unveiling the hidden vulnerabilities in diffusion models and emphasize the broader, potentially harmful implications of these attacks.
We propose a prompt augmentation method for textile design image generation that integrates textile-specific domain knowledge, such as patterns, historical context, and design constraints. Recent advances in text-to-image generative models enable designers to create images from natural-language instructions. However, the quality of generated images largely depends on the precision of the prompt, and crafting appropriate prompts remains challenging for designers. To address this issue, our method incorporates domain knowledge about textiles to expand prompts in a way that is suitable for textile design image synthesis. Through qualitative and quantitative evaluations, we confirm that prompts expanded by the proposed method yield better results than those produced from simple prompts or from prompts expanded using only the large language model's internal parametric knowledge.