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We study a two dimensional (2D) Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model on a square lattice in presence
of domain walls (DW) / vortices or quasi-periodic disorders to investigate the nature of topology
and localizations in its quantum states. While in a pure 2D SSH model, zero energy states (ZES)
lie within the dispersion continuum and the bound states in continuum (BIC) are localized at the
corners, a continuous distributions of DWs can produce localized ZES along the DW lines or at the
DW center depending on the orientations of the DWs. Moreover with such DWs, one can witness
nonzero energy in-gap states showing localizations at the edges, along the DWs or at the DW center.
For probing disorder effect, we introduce on-site quasiperiodic potentials (QP) in such systems that
show the usual tendency of the states to localize. But exotic reentrant localization behavior is also
captured for judicious choice of the QP term. We also examine the scenario for different hopping
periodicities in the SSH Hamiltonian. Interestingly for anisotropic hopping modulations, the bulk
ZES gets exhausted leaving only topological boundary modes at zero energies. The fate of these
states in presence of the DWs are also discussed. Our present study with its plethora of exotic
outcomes can thus inspire varied applications in the field of topological quantum computations.

Chapeau de gendarme (CdG) is a subtle but clinically relevant semiology that has been scarcely studied in children. Previous studies have primarily focused on its localizing value in small, surgical cohorts. This study aimed to systematically characterize frequency and clinical features of CdG across the pediatric age spectrum. We retrospectively analyzed video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring of 264 children with epilepsy (0-17&#x2009;years). Up to 10 seizures per type were reviewed per patient. CdG was defined as a symmetrical downward contraction of both mouth corners and chin contraction lasting &#x2265;5&#x2009;s. CdG characteristics, co-occurring semiologies, and EEG patterns were assessed and compared to the cohort without CdG. CdG was identified in 28 of 264 patients (10.6%), corresponding to 73 seizures. The median age at first observed CdG was 12.3&#x2009;years (range 1.3-16.8), with a trend toward increasing frequency in older children. All but one case occurred in focal epilepsies, which were significantly more frequent in the CdG cohort than in those without CdG (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.009). CdG appeared early in the seizure course (&#x2264;5&#x2009;s in 61.6%) and more often during sleep (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). Hyperkinetic behavior occurred significantly more often in CdG seizures (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). Progression to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures was recorded in 20.5% of CdG seizures (17.9% of patients with CdG) and occurred more frequently in the CdG cohort than in patients without CdG (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). The first ictal scalp EEG pattern most frequently involved the frontal lobe (57.7%). CdG occurred in a notable proportion of pediatric patients across the entire age range, with a descriptive tendency toward higher occurrence in older children. These findings provide an essential foundation for future investigations exploring developmental and network mechanisms underlying this semiology.

Radiographic angle measurements are fundamental for diagnosing, classifying and monitoring spinal deformities. Reported variability of 2-7&#xb0; led to the adoption of empirical margins (often&#x2009;~&#x2009;5&#xb0;) to define clinically meaningful change. Because vertebral corners represent anatomical regions rather than exact points, geometric and imaging-related factors impose a fundamental limit on precision. This study aimed to quantify how uncertainty in landmark identification and vertebral size influence the precision of radiographic spinal angle measurements, and to provide a mechanistic explanation for commonly applied angular margins. A simplified geometric model of radiographic angle measurement was explored using Monte Carlo simulation. Vertebral endplates were represented as line segments of length L (15-60&#xa0;mm), spanning cervical to lumbar dimensions. Landmark placement uncertainty was modeled as isotropic variability within a circular region of radius R (0.25-2.5&#xa0;mm). Measurement uncertainty was quantified using the 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) of angular error distributions. Measurement uncertainty followed a deterministic relationship. CI 95% increased linearly with landmark uncertainty and decreased inversely with vertebral size, converging toward CI 95% &#x2248; 111.4&#xb7;R/L (R2&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.99). Millimetric landmark uncertainty yielded angular margins of&#x2009;~&#x2009;4-5&#xb0; for typical thoracolumbar vertebrae, with higher variability in smaller vertebrae (>&#x2009;7&#xb0;) and lower in larger ones (<&#x2009;2&#xb0;). Radiographic spinal angle assessment is constrained by geometric factors. This modeling demonstrates that landmark uncertainty and vertebral size explain a substantial portion of commonly used angular margins. Rather than a universal constant, any angular cut-off reflects a scale-dependent limitation relevant to interpretation in research and clinical practice.

This paper uses a Yoked experimental design to investigate the selective advantage of active spatial navigation in 4- to 10-year-old children. Participants were presented with a map game in which they were asked to find the shortest way for a monster to get across town while collecting its five monster friends on the way. Active control was associated with better recall for path length and the area between paths, whereas no differences were observed for the number of corners. Further, active navigation did not enhance episodic memory. Our results indicate that the benefits of active control during navigation are selective, supporting the encoding of global route characteristics, while leaving other detailed or incidental aspects unaffected.

The processing of threatening content tends to take priority over neutral or other emotional stimuli. Compared to other attentional biases (in response to threat), less research has been dedicated to understanding anticipatory attentional avoidance, and existing studies on this topic have yielded mixed results. In this study, we investigated anticipatory attentional avoidance, focusing on how predictive cues associated with threatening stimuli influence attentional processing before the actual threat appears. We used a cued visual probe task, in which a neutral cue (onset times: 100, 500, or 1000ms) predicted the location of a threatening stimulus. Across two experiments, we examined both behavioral and eye-tracking measures to capture avoidance patterns. In Experiment 1 (behavioral: N&#x2009;=&#x2009;33; eye-tracking: N&#x2009;=&#x2009;23), predictive cues appeared in the same location as the subsequent target (i.e., in the corners of the screen), while in Experiment 2 (behavioral: N&#x2009;=&#x2009;51; eye-tracking: N&#x2009;=&#x2009;22), predictive cues were presented centrally, separating cue and target locations. Our results showed that participants associated the threatening content with the predictive cue and learned to avoid attending to the spatial position of the threat-related stimuli. This avoidance was reflected in slower reaction times and gaze patterns that shifted away from the threat-predictive cues during presentation, particularly at longer cue presentation times. However, we found no differences in the onset of gaze shifts to the target, suggesting that avoidance occurs primarily during early anticipatory stages. These findings suggest that anticipatory attentional avoidance may appear as a distinct process that could emerge in response to learned threat associations.

Understanding surface-defect reactivity in ammonium perchlorate (AP) is essential for describing its reactivity. Using density functional theory, we compare sublimation pathways from pristine AP(001), and use density-functional tight binding for step edges, kinks, corners, and screw dislocations. Several proton-transfer pathways on flat AP(001) are close in energy, reflecting the complexity of the molecular-ionic crystal. Free-energy calculations show that kink defects lower the proton-transfer barrier by nearly a factor of 5 relative to the flat surface, with NH3 having lower activation energy than HClO4, and migrating to terraces. This indicates the possibility of intermediate stages that may limit the sublimation rate. A one-component kinetic model shows that kink density controls the regime: low kink density gives detachment-limited rates, whereas high kink density gives concentration-independent rates controlled by detachment and terrace desorption. Comparison with experiments highlights the role of surface morphology in AP reactivity.

This introduction discusses the challenges plant life has represented in the history and philosophy of science, and outlines the topics dealt with by the contributors. Understanding plant life, behaviour, and nature reveals a crucial feature to deal with several corners of science and society, but also to deal with the environment.

This scoping review aims to map and describe the range of surgical techniques used in the management of arcuate fractures (proximal fibular head avulsion fractures) and to summarize their reported outcomes and complications. A scoping review was conducted using a literature search across Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science, up to 8 December 2025, following PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. All eligible studies were case reports or small case series. Eligibility criteria included English-language articles reporting the surgical management of arcuate fractures and postoperative outcomes. Twelve studies involving 90 patients were included. Three fixation strategies were recorded: suture anchor fixation in 29 patients (32.2%), tension-based techniques in 23 patients (25.6%), and screw-and-washer fixation in 38 patients (42.2%). Radiographic union was explicitly reported in 25 of 29 anchor-treated patients, 18 of 24 fractures treated with tension-based constructs, and all screw-and-washer cases; however, reporting was incomplete and nonuniform. Complications and reoperations were most frequently described in tension-based reports, which also included severe and heterogeneous injury patterns. Standardized patient-reported outcomes were sparse, and rehabilitation protocols varied. Methodological appraisal identified recurrent limitations in case selection, completeness of reporting, and outcome assessment. Evidence for operative FHAF management remains limited to heterogeneous case reports and small case series. Radiographic healing was frequently reported across fixation constructs, but inconsistent reporting and variation in injury severity, associated procedures, and rehabilitation preclude reliable comparison between techniques. Fixation should be individualized according to fragment size and morphology, fragment quality, soft-tissue repairability, and associated ligamentous injuries. Standardized multicentre studies are needed. IV.

In recent years ERphagy, the selective autophagic degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has emerged as a key selective autophagic pathway involved not only in the recycling of the ER, but also in preventing the replication of viruses and bacteria. The mechanisms by which ERphagy achieves this do not seem immediately related to canonical xenophagy pathways and could provide a new avenue for therapeutic targets to combat pathogenic infections. In this editor's corner we briefly summarize the ways ERphagy is involved in pathogen infection, highlighting the potential ERphagy has as an understudied innate immune response pathway.Abbreviation: IFN-I: type I interferon; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; STING1: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1.

Line-structured light sensors have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and high precision. Integrating the sensor with a turntable is an important strategy to achieve complete results of complex surfaces. To enhance measurement accuracy, we proposed a rotation axis calibration method using a stepped cylinder. Coefficients of the laser plane are firstly optimized based on the principle of cross-ratio invariance to ensure the sensor's own accuracy. At each rotational angle, the laser plane intersects the cylinder, and corner points on the edges are extracted as feature points. Subsequently, an objective function is established by minimizing the average distance between rotated feature points and ideal circles and is solved using sequential quadratic programming method. After optimization, the average diameter error of the stepped cylinder is reduced by more than 90%. The relative errors of other typical features (ball diameter, cylinder diameter, groove depth) are all less than 0.15%. Measurement results of complex objects with different materials are also successfully obtained with their small features clearly observable.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool for solving real world problems across a wide range of industries and is increasingly being utilised by pharmaceutical companies to discover novel drug targets, biomarkers, and new drugs. Several AI-driven small molecules have entered clinical trials over the past few years, but their fate remains unknown. Currently, no commercially available compounds have been developed solely using AI approaches. In this perspective, we examine the current use of AI in drug discovery for neuropsychiatry. The pace of drug discovery in neuropsychiatric medicine has been generally sluggish, largely due to challenges such as poor pharmacological selectivity, the blood-brain barrier, and a limited understanding of disease mechanisms. AI may offer innovative solutions to these challenges. However, relative to fields such as oncology, the impact of AI on the discovery of neuropsychiatric drugs has been limited. Although novel AI-tools have been developed to overcome some of the challenges involved in neuropsychiatry drug discovery, their effectiveness has not been sufficiently evaluated. To date, innovative tools such as AlphaFold have been used to identify drug candidates for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. AI-driven platforms have been used to study behavioural data from preclinical models to identify novel clinical candidates in clinical trials (e.g., ulotaront, phase III). It is anticipated that the availability of large-scale multi-omics data ('big data') will likely increase in the future, allowing us to gain a better understanding of gene-associated mechanisms in psychiatry. Using AI-based technologies such as AlphaFold, future pharmacological targets will be identified based on gene expression data, and large libraries of chemical compounds will be screened rapidly to identify novel drug candidates, resulting in shorter pre-clinical phase with lower costs.

A new species of the genus Jingophrys is described from Xizang, China based on the morphological comparisons and phylogenetic reconstruction. Morphologically, this new speciesJingophrys zhaoermiisp. nov. can be distinguished from other known congeners by a combination of diagnostic characteristics: (1) body size small, SVL 34.5-35.4 mm in adult males and SVL 39.6-43.1 mm in adult females; (2) tympanum distinct, upper margin slightly concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) presence of weak vomerine ridge, absence of vomerine teeth; (4) tongue notch absent; (5) hindlimbs slender, heels meeting when thighs flexed at right angles to the axis of body and tibiotarsal articulation reaching anterior corner of eye or tip of the snout when leg stretched alongside body; (6) fingers with lateral fringes, subarticular tubercles absent; (7) toes with rudimentary webbing at bases and lateral fringes; (8) dorsal skin relatively smooth (lack granules), strong discontinuous X-shaped ridge on center of dorsum, discontinuous dorsolateral ridges absent or weak; (9) sparse large tubercles on flanks, no granules between tubercles; (10) adult males lack nuptial pads. Phylogenetically, it differs from its congeners by uncorrected p-distances of >3.7% for the 16S gene fragment and uncorrected p-distances of >10.1% for the COI gene fragment. Additionally, we provide a new identification key to the genus Jingophrys.

Quantized vortices are ubiquitous in physics, spanning superconductivity, astrophysics, superfluid condensed matter systems, and nonlinear optics. Yet embedding vorticity into topologically protected nonlinear states has remained a major challenge, with all previously observed corner solitons in higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) exhibiting only trivial phase distributions. Here, we report on the first realization of stable topological corner vortex solitons in a photonic fractal HOTI. Using an array of laser-written waveguides in the shape of Sierpi&#x144;ski gasket with a controllable distortion, we design linear topological vortex modes, from which nonlinear corner vortex solitons bifurcate. Moreover, we demonstrate that these solitons exhibit exceptional robustness across a broad power range and, unlike vortex solitons in topologically trivial lattices, form without a power threshold. Our results introduce the angular momentum degree of freedom into the physics of topological corner modes, opening prospects for topologically protected vortex-based photonics.

Precise autonomous navigation on unstructured planetary surfaces is a critical prerequisite for future exploration missions, particularly in GNSS-denied environments such as the Lunar South Pole or Martian deserts. Traditional Visual Odometry (VO) methods, which rely on tracking low-level geometric features (e.g., corners), often fail under the extreme illumination contrast of the Moon or the textural monotony of the Martian regolith. In this work, we present a zero-shot semantic landmark-based visual odometry approach that leverages the generalization capabilities of modern Foundation Models. Our approach uses the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to extract geological landmarks (rocks) and DINOv2 to generate view-invariant semantic descriptors that are matched across frames. We evaluate our pipeline across two distinct domains: a high-fidelity synthetic lunar environment (LuSNAR dataset) to test robustness against extreme lighting, and a real-world Martian analog dataset (Katwijk Beach) to assess sim-to-real transfer. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves a decimeter-level trajectory accuracy ( R M S E &#x2248; 0.14 m) on the Martian analog and an R M S E = 1.93 m on the most stable lunar traverse, without any domain-specific fine-tuning. Our results suggest that Foundation-Model-based semantic landmarks are a promising alternative to low-level features for zero-shot VO in planetary-like environments.

We propose and analyze a novel, highly tunable magnetic topological switch that uses a single edge-localized magnetic perturbation to drive a stanene monolayer reversibly between three distinct phases: the quantum spin Hall state, a trivial band insulator, and a second-order topological insulator. By modestly varying the temperature T and the magnetization orientation &#x3b8;, this single localized control element implements a minimalistic, experimentally accessible scheme that endows stanene nanoflake with genuine multifunctionality and direct relevance for topological device architectures. To substantiate this objective, we first investigate the bulk and nanoribbon geometries using the spin-Berry curvature, spin-Chern number, and Wilson loop, thereby exposing the limitations of these geometries in realizing the full multifunctionality of the proposed switch. We then show that multifunctionality emerges only in finite nanoflakes, where the spectral localizer captures both QSH-trivial and QSH-SOTI transitions through an effective gap closing and reopening governed by the edge-state penetration depth, together with the emergence of symmetry-protected fractional corner charges e/2 and e/4 across three inequivalent edge configurations. For each transition, we further examine the associated bulk-boundary correspondence principle.

Perilunate injuries are rare high-energy wrist injuries whose open treatment carries a risk of capsular stiffness and carpal devascularisation. Arthroscopically assisted reduction with temporary fixation aims to limit this morbidity, and temporary trans-articular headless compression screws may provide more rigid scapholunate and lunotriquetral control than Kirschner wires. We asked what the mid-term clinical, radiographic and patient-reported outcomes of this technique are, using the contralateral wrist as a paired control, and whether they differ by injury pattern. Retrospective single-centre study of 11 consecutive patients (10 men; mean age 37 years) with a closed perilunate dislocation (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;7), trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture-dislocation (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;3) or perilunate injury not dislocated (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1) treated between November 2015 and December 2020. All 11 were analysed by intention to treat; injured-versus-contralateral comparisons (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) were restricted to the 10 wrists that retained the index construct. Median follow-up was 47 months. One patient (9%) required four-corner fusion for scapholunate advanced collapse, and radiographic osteoarthritis was seen in 2/11 (18%). The flexion-extension arc (113&#x2009;&#xb0; vs 132&#x2009;&#xb0;, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.002) and the scapholunate angle (60&#x2009;&#xb0; vs 50&#x2009;&#xb0;, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.018) were significantly worse than the uninjured wrist; grip strength and radiolunate angle did not differ significantly. Median QuickDASH was 4.5 and median PRWE 7. In selected closed, reducible perilunate injuries this technique gave good patient-reported outcomes and maintained carpal alignment in most patients, but flexion-extension and the scapholunate angle remained reduced relative to the uninjured wrist and one in eleven required salvage fusion. Comparative studies are needed before recommending it over open fixation. IV (retrospective case series).

Moisture content is a critical parameter during processing and storage. Although conventional microwave-based moisture detection methods enable rapid and non-destructive measurement, they are often hindered by high cost and susceptibility to design limitations and environmental fluctuations. In this study, a partial ground plane technique combined with a beveled partial ground and corner truncation topology is employed to enhance antenna architecture. By accounting for the nonlinear relationship between antenna dimensions and operating bandwidth, the bandwidth is significantly broadened without increasing the antenna footprint. A novel microstrip antenna is developed using low-cost epoxy resin (FR4) as the substrate. To address the instability and narrow bandwidth often associated with microstrip antennas, an electromagnetic simulation model was constructed using HFSS. This model characterizes the relationship between dimensional parameters and bandwidth, facilitating antenna optimization. Simulation results demonstrate that the operating frequency remains stable at 915 MHz, while the operating bandwidth is expanded from 0.91-0.92 GHz to 0.6-1.1 GHz without increasing the antenna size, thereby satisfying the requirements for material moisture detection. The proposed antenna is integrated into the moisture detection circuit developed in this study, and its stability is evaluated under various environmental conditions. Results indicate that the novel microstrip antenna achieves high detection performance and is robust against environmental variations, while offering reduced fabrication costs. This study provides a new direction for the miniaturization and cost reduction of moisture detection systems.

The development of electrocatalysts with complex environmental adaptability is the key path to promote the directional conversion of nitrate into high value-added ammonia. Herein, low-cost self-supporting carbon fiber was used as a carrier to successfully prepare uniform-sized Fe2O3 nanoarrays with four-corner double cone morphology (named Fe2O3/CF) through a one-step in situ growth method. Fe2O3/CF exhibits excellent performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia: it maintains stable activity in a wide pH range and exhibits significant resistance to common interfering ions in complex water; The Faradaic efficiency of ammonia generation can reach 95%, and it has good long-term stability. The open-circuit voltage of 1.37&#xa0;V and the power density of 12.3&#xa0;mW cm-2 can be achieved in the Zn-NO3 - battery system based on Fe2O3/CF. Ammonia synthesis with low carbon emission and continuous production of liquid nitrogen fertilizer are realized by using solar power generation module. Combined with non-thermal plasma air activation technology, the green stepwise conversion of "air-nitrogen oxides-ammonia" can also be efficiently completed. Experiments and theoretical demonstrate that the Fe2O3 nanoarray uniformly dispersed on the surface of carbon fibers enables efficient and highly selective reduction of nitrate to ammonia by exposing specific crystal planes and providing high-density active sites.

This study aimed to investigate the value of laser speckle contrast imaging in detecting facial blood perfusion in patients with peripheral facial palsy (PFP); to establish the evaluation criteria for facial blood perfusion; and to clarify the relationship between facial microcirculatory status, facial nerve function, and facial blood flow changes in PFP patients. Thirty healthy controls and 132 PFP patients receiving treatment at our hospital were chosen for laser speckle contrast imaging, in order to quantify their facial blood perfusion at the following 4 sites: the periocular region, the middle cheeks, the corners of the mouth, and the nasolabial fold. Blood perfusion values (BP) were measured for these sites, and the rate of blood flow changes was calculated as follows: R&#x2005;=&#x2005;(BPaffected side-BP healthy side)/BPhealthy side. The changes in blood flow rates in the periocular region and cheeks were significantly different between patients with severe peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) and healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed at these sites between patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and those with Bell's palsy. In patients with moderate and severe PFP, the rate of blood flow changes in the periocular region was lower compared to healthy controls. Additionally, patients with severe PFP showed lower rates than those with moderate PFP. A lower Sunnybrook score in PFP patients correlated with a smaller rate of blood flow changes in the periocular region. For patients with Bell's palsy, blood flow rate changes in the periocular region at two- and four-months post-surgery were significantly different from pre-surgery levels. There was also a significant difference between the rates at two and four months. In patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome, the rate of blood flow changes at two months post-surgery did not significantly differ from pre-surgery. No significant difference in blood flow rate changes at two months post-surgery was observed between patients with Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Facial blood perfusion decreased with the severity of facial nerve injury in PFP patients, regardless of the etiology. Postoperative improvements were significant in Bell's palsy, but slower in Ramsay Hunt syndrome.