搜索结果：Contributions to mineralogy and petrology. Beitrage zur Mineralogie und Petrologie

In software and hardware development MATLAB and Simulink are used to model cyber physical systems for many years, , especially in automation technology and the automotive industry. Compliance with the required product quality and project efficiency is facilitated by analyzing and transforming Simulink models. The existing API, provided by MATLAB is only suitable for programmatic changing of Simulink models. We show using our own tool which is used in industry, how such as a Simulink model can be edited more easily. For this purpose the model, is converted to an object-oriented class structure that provides convenient access and editing APIs and allows applying well-known algorithms and analyses from graph theory directly. It is also designed as a bi-directional tool, so it transforms a Simulink model into a graph representation and vice versa. ----- In der Software- und Hardwareentwicklung wird seit Jahren verstärkt MATLAB und Simulink für die Modellierung von cyberphysikalischen Systemen, insbesondere in der Automatisierungstechnik und der Automobilindustrie eingesetzt. Die Einhaltung der notwendigen Produktqualität und Projekteffizienz wird durch Analysen und Transformationen auf

This list of contributions to the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Berlin, Germany (12-23 July 2021) summarizes the latest results from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. IceCube, completed 10 years ago at the geographic South Pole, comprises a surface detector designed to observe cosmic ray air showers, a cubic-kilometer array of optical sensors deployed deep in the ice sheet to observe TeV-PeV neutrinos, and a 15 Megaton deep-ice subdetector sensitive to >10 GeV neutrinos. Data from IceCube are used to investigate a broad set of key questions in physics and astrophysics, such as the origins of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, the fundamental properties of neutrinos, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The papers in this index are grouped topically to highlight IceCube contributions related to neutrino and multi-messenger astrophysics, cosmic-ray physics, fundamental physics, education and public outreach, and research and development for next-generation neutrino observatories. Contributions related to IceCube-Gen2, the future extension of IceCube, are available in a separate collection.

Late Tonian sequences of the Adelaide Superbasin were witness to the birth of the proto-Pacific Ocean during the breakup of Rodinia. Understanding the sedimentology and provenance of these rocks from across the basin is key to understanding their deposition over c. 70 million years, the local palaeogeography, and leads to a better understanding of the early development of the proto-Pacific Ocean. While the sedimentology of the Burra Group is well studied in most areas, provenance studies on these sequences using detrital zircon have been limited in scope and lack both spatial and temporal diversity. We begin to address this knowledge gap. Samples were taken from across the Adelaide Superbasin to understand both spatial and temporal related changes in provenance. Our findings highlight the necessity of this approach by uncovering both subtle, and abrupt significant changes in detrital zircon spectra for coeval samples from across the basin, and up-sequence in local areas. Our results highlight significant changes in provenance c. 790 Ma in the north of the basin, and c. 740 Ma in the south of the basin. This suggests a southward advancement of the rift basin, gradually opening to southerly sediment supply. We posit the existence of an unrecognised source of c. 1000–900 Ma zircon to the north or northeast of the basin to account for latest Stenian to earliest Tonian detrital zircon in the Myrtle Springs Formation. Additionally, we explore the comparison of coeval Tasmanian and Laurentian sequences, suggesting a stronger Australia-Tasmania link than Tasmania-Laurentia as time progresses.

Our understanding of how exoplanets form and evolve relies on analyses of both the mineralogy of protoplanetary disks and their detailed structures; however, these key complementary aspects of disks are usually studied separately. We present initial results from a hybrid model that combines the empirical characterization of the mineralogy of a disk, as determined from its mid-infrared spectral features, with the MCFOST radiative transfer disk model, a combination we call the EaRTH Disk Model. With the results of the mineralogy detection serving as input to the radiative transfer model, we generate mid-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that reflect both the mineralogical and structural parameters of the corresponding disk. Initial fits of the SED output by the resulting integrated model to Spitzer Space T elescope mid-infrared (IRS) spectra of the protoplanetary disk orbiting the nearby T Tauri star MP Mus demonstrate the potential advantages of this approach by revealing details like the dominance of micron-sized olivine and micron-sized forsterite in this dusty disk. The simultaneous insight into disk composition and structure provided by the EaRTH Disk methodology sho

Recently, Apers and Piddock [TQC '23] strengthened the connection between quantum walks and electrical networks via Kirchhoff's Law and Ohm's Law. In this work, we develop a new multidimensional electrical network by defining Alternative Kirchhoff's Law and Alternative Ohm's Law based on the multidimensional quantum walk framework by Jeffery and Zur [STOC '23]. In analogy to the connection between the incidence matrix of a graph and Kirchhoff's Law and Ohm's Law in an electrical network, we rebuild the connection between the alternative incidence matrix and Alternative Kirchhoff's Law and Alternative Ohm's Law. This new framework enables generating an alternative electrical flow over the edges on graphs, which has the potential to be applied to a broader range of graph problems, benefiting both quantum and classical algorithm design. We first use this framework to generate quantum alternative electrical flow states and use it to find a marked vertex in one-dimensional random hierarchical graphs as defined by Balasubramanian, Li, and Harrow [arXiv '23]. In this work, they generalised the exponential quantum-classical separation of the welded tree graph by Childs, Cleve, Deotto, Farh

White dwarf planetary systems uniquely link the bulk elemental composition of exoplanetary material to the mineralogy as photospheric abundances can be compared to circumstellar dust mineralogy. This study re-examines Spitzer/IRS spectra of eight white dwarfs with both circumstellar dust and photospheric metals. All systems show 10$μ$m silicate emission features consistent with a mixture of olivine and pyroxene silicates, with varying dominance. New Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of two of these systems, GD56 and WD1150-153, reveal that both are accreting dry, rocky material. WD1150-153 is accreting material consistent with Bulk Earth, while GD56 is accreting core-rich material with an inferred core mass fraction of 0.59$^{+0.08}_{-0.09}$ (0.37$^{+0.08}_{-0.08}$ by mole). A comparison between the bulk elemental composition of the accreted planetary material and the dust mineralogy of the eight systems reveals a tentative correlation between the dominant silicate mineralogy and the Mg/Si ratio, indicating that the circumstellar and photospheric material are compositionally similar. This suggests that rapid and well-mixed accretion is occurring with min

10 Hibonite-pyroxene/glass spherules discovered hitherto are a rare suite of refractory inclusions that show the largest range of exotic isotopic properties (anomalies in neutron rich isotopes (e.g., $^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$Ti), abundance of $^{26}$Al) despite their defining simple spherical morphology and mineralogy consisting predominantly of few hibonites nestled within/with glassy or crystallised calcium, aluminium-rich pyroxene. $^{26}$Al-$^{26}$Mg chronological studies along with petrography and mineralogy of a relatively large (~120 micron diameter), found in Allan Hills 77307 (CO3.03) has been performed. Uniquely, both hibonite and pyroxene show discordant abundance of short-lived now-extinct radionuclide $^{26}$Al that suggest disparate and distinct regions of origin of hibonite and pyroxene. The pristine petrography and mineralogy of this inclusion allow discernment of their genesis and trend of alteration in hibonite-pyroxene/glass spherules.

Abstract Considering the demand for lithology identification in quantitative seismic interpretation, I introduced ternary diagrams based on rock physics modelling to derive lithology from seismic data. For this purpose, physical and acoustic parameters of minerals were utilized to reconstruct the most common rocks in hydrocarbon reservoirs, including source, reservoir and caprock. Subsequently, the generated rocks were input into a ternary diagram based on easily obtained parameters from seismic data, including acoustic impedance, V P / V S ratio and lambda–mu–rho parameters. Next, two ternary diagrams were implemented according to the elastic parameters for reservoir (and source) and caprock identification. The theoretical results indicated that the proposed ternary diagrams can be applied for interpreting seismic inversion data to discriminate limestone from sandstone and shale using lambda–rho. Additionally, mu–rho can serve as a criterion to differentiate dolomite from limestone and anhydrite (or sandstone from shale and limestone). The obtained ternary diagram was validated using ultrasonic and well‐log data from blind wells and subsequently used to interpret 3D seismic data. For this purpose, acoustic impedance was calculated using a simultaneous inversion method from pre‐stack data and converted to elastic parameters, which were then input into the ternary diagrams. The validation procedures yielded promising results and demonstrated that ternary diagrams can effectively identify different lithologies compared to conventional binary cross‐plots. The advantage of the proposed diagrams lies in their comprehensiveness and generality, making them compatible with seismic limitations and applicable to a wide range of sedimentary rocks. The findings of this research can enhance the interpretation of seismic inversion results when mineral fraction or petrophysical interpretation is unavailable. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the methodology were discussed, and the impact of reservoir heterogeneities and fluid types on ternary diagrams was analysed. It was concluded that the proposed diagrams are not restricted to specific depositional settings and can be developed for the seismic interpretation of unconventional reservoirs and igneous rocks through the implementation of the mentioned methodology.

Abstract The Hindu Raj region of northern Pakistan is situated between the Karakoram to the east and the Hindu Kush to the west. Both the Karakoram and the Hindu Kush are better studied and have well-documented, distinct geological histories. Investigation of the Hindu Raj region has been mainly limited to reconnaissance exploration and as such little is known about its tectonometamorphic history and whether that history is similar to its neighbouring areas. Analysis of new specimens collected along the Yasin Valley within the Hindu Raj region outline mid-to-Late Cretaceous pluton emplacement (ca. 105 and 95 Ma). Some of those plutonic rocks were metamorphosed to ∼750 ± 30 °C and 0.65 ± 0.05 GPa during the ca. 80–75 Ma docking of the Kohistan arc. A record of this collisional event is well-preserved to the west in the Hindu Kush and variably so to the east in the Hunza Karakoram. A subsequent, ca. 61 Ma, thermal event is partially preserved in Rb–Sr geochronology from the Hindu Raj, which overlaps with sillimanite-grade metamorphism in the Hunza portion of the Karakoram region to the east. Finally, apatite U–Pb and in situ Rb–Sr both record a late Eocene thermal/fluid event likely related to the India-Asia collision. These new data outline a complex geological history within the Hindu Raj, one that shares similarities with both adjacent regions. The information about the tectonometamorphic development of the Hindu Raj is important to gaining a detailed view of the geological characteristics of the southern Asian margin prior to the India-Asia collision.

The complexity and increasingly tight coupling of supply chains poses a major logistical challenge for leading companies. Another challenge is that leading companies -- under pressure from consumers, a critical public and legislative measures such as supply chain laws -- have to take more responsibility than before for their suppliers' labour standards. In this paper, we discuss a new approach that leading companies are using to try to address these challenges: algorithmic prediction of business risks, but also environmental and social risks. We describe the technical and cultural conditions for algorithmic prediction and explain how -- from the perspective of leading companies -- it helps to address both challenges. We then develop scenarios on how and with what kind of social consequences algorithmic prediction can be used by leading companies. From the scenarios, we derive policy options for different stakeholder groups to help develop algorithmic prediction towards improving labour standards and worker voice. -- Die Komplexität und zunehmend enge Kopplung vieler Lieferketten stellt eine große logistische Herausforderung für Leitunternehmen dar. Eine weitere Herausforderung best

Algorithmic decision support (ADS) is increasingly used in a whole array of different contexts and structures in various areas of society, influencing many people's lives. Its use raises questions, among others, about accountability, transparency and responsibility. Our article aims to give a brief overview of the central issues connected to ADS, responsibility and decision-making in organisational contexts and identify open questions and research gaps. Furthermore, we describe a set of guidelines and a complementary digital tool to assist practitioners in mapping responsibility when introducing ADS within their organisational context. -- Algorithmenunterstützte Entscheidungsfindung (algorithmic decision support, ADS) kommt in verschiedenen Kontexten und Strukturen vermehrt zum Einsatz und beeinflusst in diversen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen das Leben vieler Menschen. Ihr Einsatz wirft einige Fragen auf, unter anderem zu den Themen Rechenschaft, Transparenz und Verantwortung. Im Folgenden möchten wir einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Fragestellungen rund um ADS, Verantwortung und Entscheidungsfindung in organisationalen Kontexten geben und einige offene Fragen und Forschungslück

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> In dieser Untersuchung werden beispielhaft die Lebenswege und Karrieren von Berliner Geowissenschaftlerinnen im Zeitraum von 1906 bis 1945 nachgezeichnet und analysiert. Ähnlich wie an anderen deutschen bzw. westlichen Universitäten, aber im Gegensatz zu Russland, begann die Tätigkeit von Frauen in den Geowissenschaften spät, und das Fach wurde auch relativ selten gewählt, hauptsächlich wegen der zu geringen Berufschancen. Aber die besondere Situation in Berlin mit mehreren sich ergänzenden Institutionen und dem daraus resultierenden breiten Spektrum an geowissenschaftlichen Disziplinen, sowie ausgezeichneten Professoren, ließ dennoch Raum für eine Ausbildung in diesem Bereich und erlaubte, wenn auch in bescheidenem Maße, eine gewisse Karrieremöglichkeit. <br><br> Während der hier untersuchten 40 Jahre haben weniger als 20 Frauen in den Geowissenschaften und benachbarten Gebieten promoviert. Mehrere dieser Frauen blieben in dem von ihnen gewählten Fach weiterhin aktiv und wurden erfolgreich. Zwei Frauen gelang eine akademische Karriere — eine als Universitätsprofessorin, die auch Schülerinnen hatte. Andere arbeiteten an staatlichen Institutionen, wie z. B. dem Geologischen Landesamt. Wenige Frauen blieben nach ihrer Verheiratung beruflich aktiv, wenn auch nicht offiziell angestellt, sondern als Ehefrauen. Andere arbeiteten als "Ersatz" für die im Kriege stehenden Männer. Einige waren aus persönlichen und politischen Gründen, insbesondere während der NS-Zeit, gezwungen, die Geowissenschaften zu verlassen, konnten aber teilweise auf anderen Gebieten erfolgreich arbeiten. <br><br> This paper documents the lives and careers of women geoscientists at the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelms-University from 1906 through 1945. Traditionally, in Germany, women had difficulties to be accepted in geosciences (except for geography/geology teachers), because of strong links between geology and mining, a field dominated clearly by men. In western European countries, as well as in the U.S.A. and Australia, the situation was similar in that women started late and in small numbers to study geology. This was, however, in contrast to Russia and later the Soviet Union where women were relatively early accepted even as university teachers. <br><br> The data for this paper were gathered from Berlin University institutions, such as the historical archive and the library of the Palaeontological Institute, and in addition personal contacts were used. Women who had studied either geography, geology/palaeontology, geophysics, mineralogy or botany/palaeobotany are subject of this study. Only those are considered who had strong affiliations to geosciences proper, in all 17 women. <br><br> During the first half of the 20th century the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, founded in 1810, was one of the most important institutions concerning higher education in Germany, especially for women. The official opening of this university for women students was in 1908, somewhat later than at other German universities. Once admitted, however, the number of dissertations completed by women was relatively high, and, 30% of all habilitations (advanced degree which allows teaching at universities) in Germany and 50% of all habilitations in the natural sciences were accomplished at Berlin between 1918/19 to 1932. <br><br> The geosciences were, together with medicine, chemistry, physics, botany and zoology, very strong scientifical and in teaching. Geoscientists of international reputation worked at large institutions, affiliated or being part of the University, such as the Prussian (later German) Geological Survey, the Institute of Geology and Palaeontology at the Museum of Natural History or the Institute and Museum of Oceanography, and were the advisers and reviewers of women Diploma and PhD students. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20030060103" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20030060103</a>

The development of automated vehicles and automated driving functions is an exceptionally complex task that requires the integration of numerous, sometimes conflicting interests and various constraints already in the early stages of system design. This chapter explains important challenges in concept specifications for automated driving and presents a systematic process model that contributes to overcoming the special requirements in this field. In addition, it describes the successful implementation of a structured concept specification for an automated vehicle guidance system. -- Die Entwicklung automatisierter Fahrzeuge und Fahrfunktionen stellt eine ausgesprochen komplexe Aufgabe dar, die bereits im Zuge des Systementwurfs die Einbeziehung einer Vielzahl teilweise konfliktärer Interessen und diverser Randbedingungen erfordert. Dieses Kapitel erläutert wichtige Herausforderungen bei Konzeptspezifikationen im Themenfeld des automatisierten Fahrens und stellt ein systematisches Prozessmodell vor, das einen Beitrag zur Erfüllung der besonderen Anforderungen des automatisierten Fahrens an den Entwurf leistet. Darüber hinaus wird die erfolgreiche Durchführung einer strukturierten Kon

Mineralogical studies of silicate features emitted by dust grains in protoplanetary disks and Solar System bodies can shed light on the progress of planet formation. The significant fraction of crystalline material in comets, chondritic meteorites and interplanetary dust particles indicates a modification of the almost completely amorphous ISM dust from which they formed. The production of crystalline silicates thus must happen in protoplanetary disks, where dust evolves to build planets and planetesimals. Different scenarios have been proposed, but it is still unclear how and when this happens. This paper presents dust grain mineralogy of a complete sample of protoplanetary disks in the young Serpens cluster. These results are compared to those in the young Taurus region and to sources that have retained their protoplanetary disks in the older Upper Scorpius and Eta Chamaeleontis stellar clusters, using the same analysis technique for all samples. This comparison allows an investigation of the grain mineralogy evolution with time for a total sample of 139 disks. The mean cluster age and disk fraction are used as indicators of the evolutionary stage of the different populations. Ou

Machine learning methods are evaluated to study the intriguing and debated topic of discrimination among different tectonic environments using geochemical and isotopic data. Volcanic rocks characterized by a whole geochemical signature of major elements (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3T, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O), selected trace elements (Sr, Ba, Rb, Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Nd, Hf, Sm, Gd, Y, Yb, Lu, Ta, Th) and isotopes (206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd) have been extracted from open-access and comprehensive petrological databases (i.e. PetDB and GEOROC). The obtained dataset has been analyzed using support vector machines, a set of supervised machine learning methods, which are considered particularly powerful in classification problems. Results from the application of the machine learning methods show that the combined use of major, trace elements and isotopes allow associating the geochemical composition of rocks to the relative tectonic setting with high classification scores (93%, on average). The lowest scores are recorded from volcanic rocks deriving from back-arc basins (65%). All the other tectonic settings display higher classification scores, with oceanic is

If we consider information as the basis of action, it may be of interest to examine the flow and acquisition of information between the actors in traffic. The central question is, which signals an automaton has to receive, decode or send in road traffic in order to act safely and in a conform manner to valid standards. The phenomenon-signal-model is a method to structure the problem, to analyze and to describe this very signal flow. Explaining the basics, structure and application of this method is the aim of this paper. -- Betrachtet man Information als Grundlage des Handelns, so wird es interessant sein, Fluss und Erfassung von Information zwischen den Akteuren des Verkehrsgeschehens zu untersuchen. Die zentrale Frage ist, welche Signale ein Automat im Straßenverkehr empfangen, decodieren oder senden muss, um konform zu geltenden Maßstäben und sicher zu agieren. Das Phänomen-Signal-Modell ist eine Methode, das Problemfeld zu strukturieren, eben diesen Signalfluss zu analysieren und zu beschreiben. Der vorliegende Aufsatz erklärt Grundlagen, Aufbau und Anwendung dieser Methode.

In a social networked industry, the focus is on collaboration between humans and technology. Communication is the basic prerequisite for synergetic collaboration between all players. It includes non-verbal as well as verbal interactions. To enable non-verbal interaction, machines must be able to detect and understand human movements. This article presents the ongoing fundamental research on the analysis of human movements using sensor-based activity recognition and identifies potential for a transfer to industrial applications. The focus is on the practical feasibility of activity recognition by adding further data streams such as the position data of logistical objects and tools, meaning the context in which a certain activity is carried out. -- In der Social Networked Industry steht die Zusammenarbeit von Mensch und Technik im Vordergrund. Grundvoraussetzung für eine synergetische Zusammenarbeit aller Akteure ist die Kommunikation, welche neben verbalen auch nonverbale Interaktionen umfasst. Um eine nonverbale Interaktion zu ermöglichen, müssen Maschinen in der Lage sein, menschliche Bewegungen zu erfassen und zu verstehen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die laufende Grundlagenforschung z

With the increasing attention non-binary people receive in Western societies, strategies of gender-fair language have started to move away from binary (only female/male) concepts of gender. Nevertheless, hardly any approaches to take these identities into account into machine translation models exist so far. A lack of understanding of the socio-technical implications of such technologies risks further reproducing linguistic mechanisms of oppression and mislabelling. In this paper, we describe the methods and results of a workshop on gender-fair language and language technologies, which was led and organised by ten researchers from TU Wien, St. Pölten UAS, FH Campus Wien and the University of Vienna and took place in Vienna in autumn 2021. A wide range of interest groups and their representatives were invited to ensure that the topic could be dealt with holistically. Accordingly, we aimed to include translators, machine translation experts and non-binary individuals (as "community experts") on an equal footing. Our analysis shows that gender in machine translation requires a high degree of context sensitivity, that developers of such technologies need to position themselves cautious

In the historical literature there has been an extended discussion on the question, whether the report of Sartorius von Waltershausen about C. F. Gauss checking the largest triangle of the geodetical measurement campaign in the kingdom of Hannover as a kind of ``test'' for the Euclididean nature of physical space can be taken seriously or not. Among others, it was argued that it even was logically impossible for Gauss to do so in the early 1820s (i.e. in particular, before J. Bolyai's, N.I. Lobachevsy's, or even B. Riemann's works). This article shows, in which sense Gauss's methodology of curvature of surfaces, although logically developed in all clarity only for surfaces embedded in Euclidean 3-space, could very well be used already in the early 1820 to investigate the above mentioned question in the sense of physical geometry. Although we do not have a definitive proof of the respective calculations by Gauss's own hand, the latter's account of the situation to contemporaries (correspondents, friend and students) changed clearly between the early and the late 1820s. That speaks very much in favour of a basic correctness of Sartorius von Waltershausen's report on this topic.