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Recurrent pulmonary malignancy with multi-organ metastasis remains one of the most refractory scenarios in thoracic oncology. Despite advances in systemic therapy, the prognosis for such cases remains poor. We report a case of disease recurrence with multiple metastatic lesions detected 34 months following initial surgical resection. After repeat surgical intervention, targeted therapy was initiated, resulting in complete resolution of brain and pericardial metastatic foci within two weeks-a response rarely observed in clinical practice. This case underscores the critical role of surgical intervention combined with precision targeted therapy in managing advanced lung cancer. It also highlights the potential of individualized treatment strategies to achieve favorable outcomes in refractory cases; it underscores the imperative for dynamic molecular monitoring and reaffirms the transformative potential of precision therapy in managing refractory metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A 53-year-old woman was referred to our institution after a computed tomography (CT) scan identified a 1.2 cm × 0.9 cm solid nodule in the anterior segment of the left upper lobe. Preoperative assessments-including complete blood count, liver and renal function, coagulation profile, pulmonary function, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen)-were within normal limits. The patient underwent uncomplicated resection of the anterior segment. Histopathology confirmed a moderately differentiated invasive lung adenocarcinoma, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) detected an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 21 p.L858R mutation with a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 23.59%. Thirty-four months later, she developed intermittent chest tightness and exertional dyspnea. Chest CT showed a 9 mm × 8 mm part-solid nodule adjacent to the left mediastinal pleura and significant pericardial effusion. Brain imaging revealed metastatic lesions in the brainstem and left cerebellum, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thoracoscopic wedge resection confirmed recurrent lung adenocarcinoma. Repeat NGS identified the same EGFR p.L858R mutation with a markedly elevated VAF of 85.15%. Oral almonertinib was initiated, leading to complete resolution of brain metastases and near-complete resolution of pericardial effusion within two weeks. At eight-month follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of disease progression. This case illustrates key aspects of recurrent lung adenocarcinoma management. Initial resection of a small nodule achieved local control, but recurrence with brain metastases and pericardial effusion later occurred, emphasizing the need for vigilant follow-up and multimodal imaging. Critical to the outcome was genotype-guided therapy: post-biopsy genetic testing guided almonertinib administration, leading to complete resolution of brain metastases and improved pericardial effusion within 2 weeks, which was defined according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria. In NSCLC, activating mutations in the EGFR gene are detected, and these mutations render tumor cells highly sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The rapid response of the central nervous system (CNS) to targeted drugs highlights the value of personalized therapy in advanced-stage diseases. This case demonstrates the efficacy of genotype-guided targeted therapy in the management of recurrent lung adenocarcinoma presenting with brain metastases and pericardial effusion. The rapid and complete resolution of brain metastases and marked improvement in pericardial effusion within two weeks of initiating almonertinib therapy underscore the pivotal role of molecular profiling in guiding personalized treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. It also emphasizes the importance of rigorous postoperative surveillance for early detection of recurrence, thereby facilitating timely intervention and optimizing clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.

This case report describes a rare instance of drug-induced acute lung injury in a 16-year-old male patient following circumcision performed under sevoflurane-based general anesthesia. Although sevoflurane is a widely used inhalational anesthetic with a favorable safety and tolerability profile, this case demonstrates that it may, in rare instances, precipitate acute lung injury. The clinical features, imaging findings, and laboratory findings of this case were analyzed alongside a systematic review of the relevant literature to clarify the diagnostic basis and differential diagnoses. This case report aims to raise clinicians' awareness of sevoflurane-induced acute lung injury. 本病例报告描述了1例16岁男性患者在七氟烷全身麻醉下行包皮环切术后，发生药物相关急性肺损伤的罕见不良反应。七氟烷作为一种广泛使用的吸入麻醉药，通常具有良好的安全性和耐受性，但本案例提示其可能诱发急性肺损伤，这一现象在临床中极为少见。本文系统回顾了相关文献，并结合本例的临床特征、影像学表现及实验室检查，深入探讨了诊断依据、鉴别诊断等。本案例旨在提高临床医师对七氟烷引起急性肺损伤的警惕性。.

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare, life-threatening condition involving complete or near-complete airway obstruction. Fetal laryngoscopy enables direct airway endoluminal visualization of the airway, thereby complementing prenatal imaging to enhance diagnosis and counseling. In this case, CHAOS was diagnosed at 17 weeks of gestation following ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed tracheal dilation and echogenic lungs. Diagnostic fetal laryngoscopy performed at 24 weeks demonstrated a blind-ended trachea that was not amenable to fetal decompression. Despite counseling regarding the limited feasibility of airway establishment, emergent delivery with an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure was performed at 30 weeks. Airway establishment was unsuccessful, and the neonate died shortly after birth. Significant maternal hemorrhage occurred after delivery, requiring transfusion. This case underscores the complexity of prenatal counseling and family-centered decision-making. Fetal laryngoscopy may be considered an adjunct to improve diagnostic evaluation and counseling, potentially aiding prenatal decision-making in selected cases of CHAOS.

Active learning methods like flipped classrooms, case-based learning (CBL), and game-based learning (GBL) are increasingly important in medical and pharmacy education. While studies suggest integrating these methods may improve outcomes, direct comparisons of CBL and GBL within flipped classrooms are limited, often focusing on small sample sizes and different student populations. This study compares the effectiveness of GBL and CBL in a flipped classroom for pharmacy education which are held completely virtual, aiming to assess learning outcomes and student satisfaction. Participants were randomly assigned to the GBL or CBL group. In-class activities for both groups followed virtual flipped instruction classrooms on pharmacotherapy topics. Knowledge-based tests were used to assess learning outcomes, and a reliable and validated questionnaire was employed to measure student satisfaction. The basis for data analysis would include demographic data and the results of tests and questionnaires on satisfaction assessment. Data were analyzed via descriptive statistics methods (means, frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and variances) and inferential analyses (Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and correlation). The 56 fourth-year PharmD students completed the study. Whereas both groups showed significant learning outcome gains (CBL T1-T3: ρ = 0.006, GBL: T1-T3 ρ = 0.001, T2-T3 ρ = 0.002), the scores for all tests were invariably higher in GBL; however, none of them are significant. Satisfaction with the learning method as also greater in the GBL group (3.82) than in the CBL group (3.61), particularly for students with lower GPAs in the GBL group (t = -0.412, ρ = 0.033). No statistically significant differences were observed for either the test scores or the satisfaction levels of either group; however, for the final test scores and progress rates, GBL had a slight-to-moderate effect size advantage (Cohen's d = -0.36, -0.34 respectively). This study demonstrated that both case-based learning (CBL) and game-based learning (GBL) within a virtual flipped classroom framework significantly enhanced student learning outcomes, without any statistically significant differences in test performance or student satisfaction between the two methods. Overall, both CBL and GBL prove to be equally effective in pharmacy education in a virtual environment.

Immediate extubation following cardiac surgery is rarely performed, largely due to concerns over hemodynamic instability, respiratory compromise, and potential postoperative complications. Most centers limit immediate extubation to low-risk patients, leaving its broader applicability less understood. This study utilized a standardized anesthetic procedure to implement immediate extubation in a diverse cardiac surgical population with varying risk profiles based on a single-center case series. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 34 cardiac surgery patients (congenital, valve, aortic, and coronary artery bypass grafting) from May 2024 to January 2025. A standardized, 10-step perioperative procedure was employed to facilitate immediate extubation. The effects of immediate extubation were assessed by extubation time, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, and postoperative complications. This study included 34 patients (73.5% male, mean age 55.9 ± 16.1 years), predominantly New York Heart Association class II (55.9%) and American Society of Anesthesiologists class IV (52.9%). Most completed preoperative pulmonary training with nebulization, and 88.2% maintained negative fluid balance pre-surgery. Valve replacements comprised 67.6% of cases, followed by coronary artery bypass grafting (17.6%) and congenital cardiac defect repairs (11.8%). Immediate extubation was achieved in 97.1% of patients (33/34), with mean extubation time of 5 ± 4.7 min post-operation. Mean ICU stay was 4 ± 4.1 days and postoperative hospitalization 14 ± 5.9 days. Acute kidney injury represented the most common complication (33.3%), followed by delirium (18.2%) and 24-hour reintubation (9.1%). Most perioperative complications remained manageable within standard protocols. Immediate extubation appears feasible in a carefully selected cohort of predominantly minimally invasive cardiac surgery patients managed under a standardised perioperative protocol, with an immediate extubation success rate of 97.1%. Larger, prospective, risk-stratified studies are needed before immediate extubation can be recommended as a broadly safe strategy across all cardiac surgical subgroups.

To describe the first reported case of non-proliferative Duchenne muscular dystrophy-associated retinopathy manifested as bilateral perifoveal ischemia. This observational case report details a 21-year-old male with genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) who presented with bilateral visual decline. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation was performed including best-correct visual acuity (BCVA) assessment, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ERG) in accordance with ISCEV standards and ERGs to sawtooth modulation, structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in both eyes. BCVA was 20/40 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination revealed bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts, while dilated fundoscopic examination was unremarkable. Multifocal ERG demonstrated reduced amplitudes in the central and parafoveal rings, indicating localized retinal dysfunction. OCTA disclosed bilateral, irregular enlargement of the foveal avascular zone consistent with perifoveal ischemia. These vascular abnormalities corresponded to the areas of inner retinal thinning with secondary outer nuclear layer expansion in structural OCT. DMD-associated retinopathy may present with retinal ischemia in the absence of overt fundoscopic abnormalities. Multimodal structural and functional modalities including multifocal ERG, OCT and OCTA may be critical to the early detection of subclinical ischemic changes and for identifying patients at risk of progression to proliferative retinopathy.

The Warden procedure effectively corrects partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) draining into the superior vena cava (SVC), yet superior vena cava obstruction remains a serious potential complication. This report describes a rare case of acute prosthetic graft thrombosis in the SVC following Warden procedure, presenting primarily with rapid neurological deterioration and initially lacking typical signs of superior vena cava syndrome. A 51-year-old female patient underwent a Warden procedure with autologous pericardial tube reconstruction of the superior vena cava. Postoperatively, her central venous pressure (CVP) progressively increased from 12 mmHg to a peak of 28 mmHg. Concurrently, her level of consciousness deteriorated from mild coma to deep coma with brainstem reflex suppression. Emergency cranial CT revealed no hemorrhage or significant edema. The combination of elevated CVP and deteriorating neurological function suggested acute SVC obstruction, prompting emergency exploration. Intraoperatively, extensive thrombosis within the autologous pericardial graft was confirmed. After replacement with a large-bore bovine pericardial graft, venous return was restored. The patient regained consciousness 8 h after the second surgery with no neurological sequelae. Acute superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction can directly cause severe neurological dysfunction due to impaired cerebral venous return and reduced cerebral perfusion pressure. During the perioperative period, even in the absence of facial/neck edema or positive cranial CT findings, immediate investigation of superior vena cava anastomotic patency is warranted upon detection of abnormally elevated central venous pressure (CVP) accompanied by altered mental status.

The adverse impacts of homeostasis disturbance of plasma trace elements on female reproduction, including premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), have received increasing attention recently, yet limited evidence has been reported so far. POI significantly affects women's quality of life and poses risks such as infertility and cardiovascular disease, necessitating the exploration of alternative risk factors. The metals studied included Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Cobalt (Co), Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr), Lithium (Li), Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Arsenium (As), Titanium (Ti), Vanadium (V), and Iodine (I) in POI patients (n = 30) and controls (n = 31). Using a case-control design, we employed logistic regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) analyses to evaluate the relationship between individual and combined plasma metal exposures and the risk of developing POI. Mn levels were higher in the POI group (median [IQR]: 2.20 [1.58-2.81] µg/L) compared to controls (1.44 [1.04-2.57] µg/L; p = 0.050). Similarly, V levels were significantly elevated in the POI group (mean ± SD: 1.19 ± 0.32 µg/L) versus controls (1.00 ± 0.38 µg/L; p = 0.049). Logistic regression indicated that higher Co levels were associated with a 98% reduced risk of POI (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00-0.72; p = 0.032), while higher Cu and V levels were associated with increased POI risk (Cu: OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01; p = 0.032; V: OR: 8.65; 95% CI: 1.09-68.98; p = 0.042). Meanwhile, the RCS analysis revealed that higher plasma Mn levels were associated with an increased risk of POI (P non-linear = 0.041). Using BKMR, we evaluated the joint and individual effects of four metals-Mn, Co, Cu, and V-on POI risk and observed a joint risk effect on POI when all four metals were at or above their 55th percentiles. In particular, Mn had a significant effect on POI risk, with its effect size increasing as the concentrations of the other three metals rose from their 25th to 75th percentiles, and remained significant when the other metals were fixed at their 75th percentiles. Notably, Co showed inverse associations with Mn-Cu-V exposure. Moreover, no significant interactions were observed between Mn and Co, Cu, or V in their association with POI risk. Key findings revealed positive associations between plasma metal levels with POI risk in both single-metal and mixture analyses, highlighting manganese as a potential correlative biomarker for POI.

Rapid, accurate detection of early ischemic changes (EIC) on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is critical for the triage and treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, yet NCCT interpretation remains challenging due to low soft-tissue contrast and inter-reader variability. This study validates StrokeSENS ASPECTS, a fully automated AI-based software tool designed to aid clinicians in grading region-level EIC. A fully crossed multi-reader multi-case (MRMC) clinical reader study was conducted with eight clinicians who independently scored 100 NCCT scans from patients with confirmed middle cerebral artery (MCA)/internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, unaided and aided by StrokeSENS ASPECTS, with a three-expert-neuroradiologist consensus serving as the reference standard. Reader performance was assessed using binary classification metrics, including balanced accuracy, overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity; inter-reader agreement was assessed using Fleiss's kappa. The use of StrokeSENS ASPECTS improved readers' balanced accuracy by 5.7 percentage points, whereas overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity improved by 2.6, 9.7, and 1.6 percentage points, respectively, when compared to the unaided baseline (p < 0.001). Inter-reader agreement showed a significant increase in Fleiss's Kappa of 0.285 from 0.323% (unaided) to 0.608% (aided). StrokeSENS ASPECTS have shown to improve clinicians' ability to detect EIC on NCCT and reduce inter-reader variability. This demonstrates StrokeSENS ASPECTS's safety and effectiveness as an aid in the evaluation of AIS.

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a focal laryngeal dystonia characterized by involuntary phonatory interruptions and a strained-strangled voice quality. Although botulinum toxin injection remains the current standard of care, its transient therapeutic effect and the requirement for repeated administrations limit sustained disease control in a subset of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of endoscopic laser thyroarytenoid (TA) myectomy combined with selective neurectomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve branches using a specially designed electrosurgical device in patients with SD. Between 2021 and 2022, 28 consecutive patients with SD underwent endoscopic laser TA myoneurectomy. Surgical outcomes were assessed according to postoperative complications, subjective voice measures, acoustic voice analyses, and videostroboscopic findings. Six-month follow-up data were available for 14 patients. The study cohort comprised four men (14.3%) and 24 women (85.7%), with a mean age of 35.9 years (range, 22-50.1 years). No cases of postoperative vocal fold paralysis were identified. Transient postoperative granulation developed in four patients and resolved within one month, and one patient reported postoperative odynophagia. The mean Voice Handicap Index score improved significantly from 92.62&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;13.54 to 58.31&#xb1;25.99 (adjusted P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.011), and 78.6% of patients reported &#x2265;90% subjective improvement. Significant postoperative improvements were also observed in jitter (from 1.93&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;1.69% to 1.03&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;0.74%, adjusted P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.014), shimmer (from 6.49&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;5.40% to 3.28&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;1.85%, adjusted P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.011), and the cepstral spectral index of dysphonia derived from sustained vowel samples (from 40.15&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;33.50 to 11.78&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;18.81, adjusted P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.011) and connected speech samples (from 89.40&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;27.24 to 19.49&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;11.89, adjusted P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.029). Videostroboscopic evaluation demonstrated improvement in glottal compression, anteroposterior glottal compression, and overall vocal strain. Endoscopic laser TA myoneurectomy yielded favorable short-term voice outcomes with an acceptable safety profile. This surgical approach may represent an effective second-line therapeutic option for patients with SD who demonstrate resistance to botulinum toxin or poor compliance with repeated injection therapy.

Treating at breath-hold has been used to mitigate dose to the organs at risk while maintaining target stability and dose coverage. The breath-hold technique has been used in conjunction with stereotactic body irradiation for the treatment of lung lesions. However, utilizing a breath-hold technique does not help to decrease dose to the ribs when the target is in proximity to the chest wall. The researchers in this case study aimed to demonstrate an alternative route to reduce dose to the chest wall via a novel method of splitting the course of treatment between the inhalation breath-hold and exhalation breath-hold phases of breathing. In this study, the tumor position and movement throughout the respiratory cycle gave ample opportunity to deliver an ablative dose while also decreasing dose to the chest wall and ribs utilizing this "split-course" technique. To minimize the dose and potential for side effects, the course of treatment was divided into 4 fractions of inhalation breath-hold treatment and 4 fractions of exhalation breath-hold treatment. This plan was designed specifically for the patient to help reduce late side effects from radiation therapy. The split-course treatment method significantly decreased the dose to the chest wall and rib. The patient was followed up with evaluations over 9 months after treatment and indicated no pain in the chest.

Autologous vein grafting is commonly used for traumatic limb arterial defects when tension-free primary repair is not possible. The no-touch harvest technique has shown structural and patency advantages in coronary surgery, but its role in traumatic upper-extremity reconstruction remains uncertain. A 63-year-old man sustained an open right elbow injury caused by a fan blade, with brachial artery transection, superficial venous injury, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve injury, and superficial brachioradialis laceration. After microscopic debridement, the arterial defect between viable ends measured about 5.5&#xa0;cm. A median cubital vein within the wound was selected as an interposition conduit because an adequate segment remained outside the most severely damaged zone, the wall appeared continuous without visible thrombosis or crush injury, and the caliber matched the brachial artery. The vein was harvested with a limited cuff of surrounding tissue using a no-touch concept, reversed, and anastomosed end-to-end under the microscope. The patient received intraoperative heparin and short-term postoperative low-molecular-weight heparin, but no long-term oral antithrombotic therapy because of individualized bleeding-risk and wound considerations. At 20 months, duplex ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography showed sustained graft patency, preserved distal runoff, and mild ectatic change without hemodynamically significant stenosis, occlusion, or pseudoaneurysm. This case supports technical feasibility rather than superiority in selected traumatic brachial artery injuries. An in-wound superficial vein may be usable when a structurally intact segment remains available outside the most severely injured zone. The no-touch concept was technically applicable in this setting, but its clinical benefit in peripheral trauma remains unproven.

To describe MRI findings of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation (s-iCCA), summarize associated clinical features, and explore imaging characteristics that may help distinguish it from conventional intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This retrospective single-center study reviewed surgically resected, pathology-proven s-iCCA between June 2018 and September 2025. Patients who underwent preoperative liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with dynamic contrast enhancement and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were included; tumors arising from the extrahepatic bile duct or gallbladder and those treated before MRI were excluded. Two radiologists evaluated lesion morphology, signal characteristics, enhancement pattern, and tumor spread independently. Clinical, laboratory, pathologic, treatment, and follow-up data were collected. Five patients (2 men, 3 women; mean age, 64 years) were included. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) was elevated in all patients, whereas alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were within reference range in tested patients. All tumors presented as a dominant mass-forming lesion (3.4-9.4 cm; segments V-VII (right), n = 4; segments III/IV (left), n = 1). On MRI, lesions were hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging; intratumoral hemorrhage suggested by T1 hyperintensity was observed in two patients, and extensive nonenhancing necrosis/cystic degeneration in three. All tumors showed marked diffusion restriction on DWI. Dynamic imaging demonstrated arterial peripheral rim enhancement with progressive and persistent heterogeneous enhancement without washout in all cases. Segmental bile duct dilatation was present in two patients, suspected portal vein tumor thrombus in one, and regional lymphadenopathy in three. Extensive necrosis or cystic degeneration was common and contributed to marked imaging heterogeneity. In this small series, s-iCCA frequently appeared as a necrotic and heterogeneous mass-forming lesion with diffusion restriction and progressive enhancement. Although these findings substantially overlap with those of conventional iCCA, prominent necrosis and marked heterogeneity may raise suspicion for sarcomatoid differentiation in the appropriate clinical context.

To meet Yantai City's 2030 hydrogen demand (1000 tons for 12 refueling stations), this study develops a quantitative model to assess high-pressure gaseous (CGH2, 700&#xa0;bar) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) across truck, railway, maritime, and pipeline modes. The model systematically analyzes key performance indicators to optimize supply configurations based on Yantai's geography. For short-distance transport (e.g., Qingdao&#x2009;&#x2192;&#x2009;Yantai, 200&#xa0;km), CGH2 by truck is optimal, with a unit cost of 5.22 CNY/kg, low loss (0.1%), and superior energy efficiency. For long-distance inland routes (e.g., Ordos&#x2009;&#x2192;&#x2009;Yantai, 1500&#xa0;km), CGH2 by rail offers a viable pathway at 3.22 CNY/kg, ideal for inland green hydrogen bases. For international imports (e.g., Australia&#x2009;&#x2192;&#x2009;Yantai, 8000&#xa0;km), LH2 by ship shows a high cost of 14.35 CNY/kg, rendering it economically unattractive due to shipping costs and evaporative losses. Pipeline transport (e.g., Tianjin&#x2009;&#x2192;&#x2009;Yantai, 300&#xa0;km) yields prohibitively high costs (CGH2: 57.23; LH2: 81.53 CNY/kg) at this scale, due to high upfront infrastructure investment. Thus, pipelines should be a long-term strategic option for future large-scale networks. This study confirms that hydrogen form and transport distance are pivotal factors influencing total cost. It advocates for prioritizing a multimodal CGH2-based network in the near term. The findings provide quantitative guidance for Yantai's hydrogen planning and establish a transferable methodological framework for designing hydrogen strategies in comparable coastal cities.

Inadvertent dural injury during lumbar spine surgery is a common complication with reported incidence up to 21%. When inadequately repaired or unrecognized, this can lead to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and orthostatic headache. Current management strategies include conservative treatment, surgical dural repair, or subarachnoid drain placement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility and early clinical outcomes of CT-guided epidural blood patch (EBP) as a minimally invasive option for symptomatic postoperative CSF leaks. A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent decompressive lumbar laminectomy at a single academic medical center with subsequent clinical symptoms of CSF leak treated with CT-guided EBP. All patients underwent postoperative lumbar MRI. EBP outcomes were assessed at the immediate periprocedural period, short-term follow-up (&#x2264; 90 days), and long-term follow-up (> 90 days) when available. Nine patients met inclusion criteria and underwent CT-guided EBP. All nine patients (100%) achieved immediate symptomatic relief of positional headaches. Eight of nine patients (88.9%) reported sustained complete resolution at short-term follow-up. One patient had partial improvement only but developed recurrent symptoms 16 days later, ultimately requiring surgical repair. Long-term follow-up data was available for 6 patients, all of whom maintained sustained symptom resolution (median 812 days, range 141-1471 days). No procedural complications were observed. CT-guided EBP demonstrated promising clinical outcomes for the treatment of symptomatic postoperative lumbar CSF leaks in this small retrospective series. This minimally invasive technique represents a potential treatment option for selected patients, complementing existing surgical and conservative approaches.