On July 9, 2025, the Midwest Pediatric Device Consortium hosted its second showcase at the MidTown Collaboration Center in Cleveland, OH. This meeting convened clinicians, engineers, regulators, entrepreneurs, and policy stakeholders to discuss the challenges and opportunities in pediatric medical device development. The program included expert panel discussions addressing value demonstration in healthcare, data-driven post market surveillance, cybersecurity risk and data protection, artificial intelligence, clinical algorithms, and pediatric-specific considerations. This culminated in a pitch competition focused on Software as a Medical Device. This manuscript provides a descriptive summary of the meeting proceedings and synthesizes themes that emerged from panel discussions. The themes underscored the persistent structural barriers in pediatric device development, including alignment of value across stakeholders, limitations of real-world evidence infrastructure, data security challenges, and complexities in artificial intelligence driven technologies. These proceedings are intended to inform clinicians, innovators, and policymakers engaged in pediatric medical device development rather than serve as a formal program evaluation.
Africa bears a disproportionate burden of infectious disease outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance, compounded by weaknesses in public health laboratory systems. In line with its mandate to safeguard public health, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) supports its Member States in strengthening public health laboratory capacity. However, gaps in laboratory leadership continue to threaten the resilience and sustainability of these systems. To address this need, Africa CDC convened a Laboratory Leadership Workshop under the Africa Pathogen Genomics Initiative (Africa PGI) - DETECT Project from 27-29 August 2025 in Mombasa, Kenya. The meeting brought together 24 heads of public health and reference laboratories and senior technical experts from 15 Member States. Combining expert presentations, country case studies, and roundtable discussions, participants examined system-level challenges affecting laboratory performance. Workshop proceedings were synthesized according to the predefined thematic areas that guided the workshop discussions, drawing on rapporteurs' reports and validated through participant review. Key issues included overreliance on external funding, fragile procurement and supply chains, limited equipment servicing, weak sample referral networks, fragmented data systems, and inadequate contingency planning. Comparative country experiences showed that stronger domestic financing and institutionalized leadership structures were linked to greater operational continuity. Emerging innovations such as hybrid decentralization of diagnostic services and integrated sample referral networks were discussed, with success contingent on strengthened leadership in strategic planning, resource mobilization, and cross-sector coordination. The workshop identified cross-cutting priorities, including financial independence, sustainable equipment servicing, quality management, One Health-aligned digital interoperability, and leadership networks for building resilient systems. The meeting concluded that beyond infrastructure, Africa's epidemic preparedness depends on empowered and committed leaders capable of overcoming challenges to steer resilient and sustainable laboratory systems.
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The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, and AI tools are being integrated into many aspects of daily life, including medical care and public health. The full extent to which AI related tools can be implemented in order to strengthen health systems are a matter of continued debate. The Center for International Health at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität's (CIHLMU) 2025 student-led symposium on "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Health Systems Strengthening to Achieve One Health" deliberated on the transformative potential of AI in global health. The primary focus of the symposium was to explore how AI can be leveraged to strengthen health systems. Presentations were delivered by health experts on AI from Africa and Europe. The event provided a platform for experts and students to discuss how AI can be harnessed to improve healthcare delivery, disease surveillance, and research. Discussions resonated around AI health-related research, responsible AI integration, advocacy for AI-related policies, and challenges associated with AI integration in health, such as data privacy and the need for robust governance frameworks. Emphasis was placed on the importance of context-specific implementation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust governance to ensure AI's responsible integration into One Health approaches. The symposium concluded that AI holds immense promise to strengthen health systems by improving efficiency, equity, and responsiveness. However, ethical, infrastructural, and regulatory challenges must be addressed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Inadequate medicolegal training contributes to physician anxiety and defensive medicine practices. To address this issue, we implemented a novel pedagogical approach incorporating simulated mediation and mock court proceedings into a medical course to enhance medicolegal competency among medical students. This study was conducted in August 2022 that recruited medical students preparing for clinical rotations. Students completed a 4-part 150-minute workshop that covered simulated mediation, mock court, debriefing, and reflection sessions. During the simulated mediation session, the participants watched expert-recorded videos of different medical mediation perspectives, followed by small-group discussions with real-time feedback. During the mock court session, a judge-led multidisciplinary expert group demonstrated actual litigation process. Data were collected by using an online questionnaire, including structured and semi-structured items. For quantitative analysis, 157 valid responses were analyzed and the questionnaire had satisfactory internal consistency. Quantitative analysis revealed significant improvements in medicolegal knowledge, empathy, and physician-patient communication, with postworkshop mean scores being significantly higher than preworkshop scores. Participant feedback indicated high satisfaction levels, with 66.9% of participants endorsing the effectiveness of simulations for learning. Qualitative analysis of 113 student reflections identified 3 themes: medicolegal competencies, mutual engagement in communication, and legal and professional reflections. This brief conflict management workshop using simulated mediation and mock court proceedings effectively enhanced medical students' perceived medicolegal knowledge, empathy, and dispute resolution skills. However, students' unfamiliarity with legal terminology highlighted learning barriers that require interdisciplinary collaboration with legal professionals. Integrating such simulations with legal expert involvement in future medicolegal education is recommended.
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Sexual and gender minority people (SGM) experience multiple cancer-related disparities, including higher rates of cancer risk factors, lower rates of cancer screening, higher lifetime risk of cancer, and unmet needs throughout cancer survivorship. Although many national organizations, including the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the American Cancer Society (ACS), have emphasized the need for more cancer research among SGM communities, currently no consensus exists about the highest research priorities, promising research models, or mechanisms to support collaboration between geographically dispersed scientific teams. To address this gap, we convened a three-day conference to focus on the "Science of Cancer Health Equity for SGM Communities." Held at the New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center Campus in New York City from October 5-7, 2023, this conference brought together researchers, trainees, early-stage investigators, and community members. The conference aimed to: 1) examine the current span of evidence-based research on SGM cancer across the cancer control continuum; 2) establish SGM cancer research priorities; 3) promote the careers and research of trainees and early stage investigators, especially those from minoritized backgrounds; 4) develop a transdisciplinary network of professionals with a focus on mentorship and shared research methods; and 5) disseminate findings from this conference, including priorities for SGM cancer health equity research. Response to the conference was overwhelmingly positive. The success of this inaugural conference indicated the need for additional efforts to advance SGM cancer research and expand on scientific priorities.
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a complex chronic condition requiring a multi-disciplinary approach to both research and treatment. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are gold standard methodologies for inferring causal relationships between an intervention and treatment outcomes but often face challenges in generalizability, scalability and real-world implementation. Target trial emulation (TTE) is a powerful methodological framework that uses observational or real-world data sources to emulate the methodology of these gold standard target trials to complement the learning from RCTs and enhance translation to real world evidence. An additional methodological innovation is the translational testing of clinical- and community-based digital health systems to provide new insights into SUD in the real world and provide scalable access to therapeutic resources. To explore these methodological innovations in SUD research, the National Institute on Drug Abuse Center for the Clinical Trials Network convened a variety of experts for a virtual workshop titled "Target Trial Emulation in Observational Research and Translational Testing of Advanced Digital Health Tools for Substance Use Disorder Prevention and Treatment." This article summarizes the discourse of the workshop, focused on three thematic areas: TTE using real-world healthcare data, SUD evidence from nationwide data sources that may be useful in TTE analyses, and translational testing of clinical- and community-based digital health systems. The workshop also highlighted various exemplars of digital health systems that demonstrate success in translational research addressing SUDs, key methodological and translational challenges, importance of rigorous study design, robust data linkages and expanding use of common data elements, and the integration of digital health tools to enhance causal inference and clinical impact. Future research directions are outlined to refine these approaches, address barriers, and maximize the utility of real-world data in shaping effective SUD prevention and treatment strategies.
Africa is entering a new era of cancer research, driven by renewed commitments to genomic innovation, data equity, and strengthened cancer registry systems. The "Harnessing Functional Genomics in Cancer Research: Opportunities for Diagnosis and Treatment" conference, held in Windhoek, Namibia, from 23 to 26 September 2025, convened leading experts to evaluate current progress and identify priorities for advancing cancer genomics and precision oncology across the continent. This conference synthesis report and narrative review drew on four days of expert-led presentations, interactive panel discussions, and structured delegate engagement sessions. Conference proceedings were documented through session minutes, presenter slide decks, recorded discussions, and post-conference feedback. Perspectives from more than 160 participants representing 21 countries were synthesized into priority thematic areas through an iterative drafting and multi-author review process. Conference findings were integrated with supporting peer-reviewed and grey literature to identify opportunities, challenges, and strategic priorities for advancing precision oncology in Africa. Discussions highlighted Africa's unparalleled human genomic diversity and its continued underrepresentation in global genomic datasets, emphasizing the need for African-led genomic discovery and precision oncology strategies. Key priorities included strengthening cancer registries and surveillance systems, expanding genomic infrastructure and workforce capacity, establishing ethical and sovereign data-governance frameworks, and improving the translation of genomic discoveries into clinical practice. Next-generation sequencing, multi-omics approaches, artificial intelligence, and collaborative research networks were identified as important enablers of equitable and sustainable precision oncology implementation across Africa. Africa's genetic diversity represents a critical resource for advancing precision oncology. Conference insights, supported by the literature, underscore the need for coordinated investments in genomic infrastructure, cancer surveillance systems, workforce development, ethical data governance, and translational implementation. Advancing these priorities will strengthen genomics-informed cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment while positioning Africa as an increasingly important contributor to global oncology innovation.
The cardiovascular impact of ketogenic diets (KD) remains debated. In this review, KD refers to adult dietary interventions intended to induce nutritional ketosis through marked carbohydrate restriction, while acknowledging that ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) is a broader umbrella term encompassing several protocol variants. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2026, and we additionally searched gray literature sources (ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, medRxiv, conference proceedings, and reference lists). Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohorts, and observational studies of adult KD interventions (generally < 10% of energy from carbohydrate or < 50 g/day). Primary outcomes were lipid changes; secondary outcomes included glycemia, anthropometrics, and blood pressure; exploratory outcomes were mortality and atherosclerosis. Random-effects meta-analyses generated pooled estimates. The protocol was not prospectively registered. Twenty-four studies (20 RCTs, 2 prospective cohorts, 1 non-randomized clinical trial, and 1 pilot intervention; >47,000 participants) were included. Compared with control diets, KD increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference [MD] + 12.2 mg/dL, 95% CI 7.5 to 16.9; I2 = 67.7%) and total cholesterol, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) rose modestly. Triglycerides decreased overall (MD -16.1 mg/dL, 95% CI -20.3 to -11.8; I2 = 17.1%). KD also improved fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, body weight, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure. Cohort evidence suggested lower all-cause mortality but no clear reduction in cardiovascular mortality. Imaging evidence for atherosclerosis was limited and mixed. KD was associated with improvements in adiposity, glycemic control, and blood pressure, but also with higher LDL-C and total cholesterol. Evidence for clinical cardiovascular endpoints remains limited, mixed, and mostly low certainty, supporting individualized risk-benefit assessment rather than universal adoption of KD.
Antenatal care (ANC) provides an opportunity to prevent or minimise adverse pregnancy outcomes and enhance women's health by providing essential interventions including malaria prevention measures. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), three quarters of women commence ANC after the first trimester of pregnancy and one in five women receive no ANC. The present qualitative study aimed to explore determinants of ANC utilisation in the context of a clinical trial of intermittent preventative treatment of malaria in pregnancy in PNG. A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at four health facilities in Madang Province, PNG, between 17 April and 6 September 2023. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs) and observations of ANC proceedings at clinics. Study participants included 79 pregnant and 5 postpartum women, 15 healthcare providers, and 13 representatives of district, provincial and national health authorities involved with the programming of ANC. In-depth interviews and FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcript data were coded using deductive and inductive approaches. Emerging themes from interviews and FGDs were triangulated with data from field notes and observations. We identified four main themes in relation to ANC utilisation: accessibility of ANC; attitudes towards ANC; interpersonal factors; and timing of ANC. Accessibility of ANC services related to costs associated with ANC, healthcare service delivery challenges, proximity to clinics, and rigid clinic schedules. Attitudes toward ANC, including the perceived benefits and disadvantages, knowledge of ANC interventions and access to education, influenced utilisation. In terms of interpersonal factors, positive relationships and communication between women and healthcare providers, and community or family members participation, were enablers of ANC engagement, while negative healthcare provider attitudes and fear of pregnancy disclosure were identified as potential barriers. Timing of ANC contacts were influenced by personal choice, a desire to avoid many clinic visits, community attitudes, prior pregnancy experiences, distance to health facilities, anticipated travel and clinic costs, attitudes of community members around ANC timing and lack of awareness of pregnancy or gestational age. Most women considered ANC important and recognised the need for ANC to ensure safe pregnancy and delivery. Healthcare benefits of ANC were perceived as an important part of ensuring a safe pregnancy and delivery outcome. ANC initiation and utilisation were enhanced through clinic fee remission, ANC content, and community engagement provided in the context of a clinical trial. These findings highlight opportunities for strategic programmatic investments that could lead to improved ANC utilisation in Madang Province.
We aimed to begin studying, more empirically, within our ethics department,scientific integrity itself, considering scientific integrity as an integral part of morality. We therefore decided to start with a preliminary meta-ethics study, based on a small sample of chapters from two conference proceedings, published exclusively in French in 2016 and 2021, to which two of us have actively contributed . A thematic analysis of secondary information extracted from this sample enabled us to identify three principal themes in scientific integrity: its institutionalization, definition and applicability. And these themes, with their subthemes, highlighted two trends. On the one hand, scientific morality tends towards moral absolutism, whereas, on the other, it tends towards moral relativism. In other words, context does not, morally, justify anything in the first case, but can, ethically, justify certain things in the second. We think that it would be questionable to formalize scientific integrity as a moral absolutism, but this does not necessarily tip the balance in favor of radical moral relativism either. Scientific integrity should allow a contextualization of certain scientific practices within the framework of the activities of research ethics committees applying pragmatist ethical theories.
Charlie Gard, Alfie Evans, and Isaiah Haastrup were infants at the centre of highly publicised court proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the permissibility of continuing life-sustaining treatment in the face of devastating neurological injury. In each case, the court authorised withdrawal of treatment in favour of palliative care, concluding that the infants should be allowed to die with dignity. The properties commonly thought to ground dignity-such as sentience, rational capacity, or human flourishing-however, were either absent or not threatened by continued treatment, creating an apparent tension in the court's reasoning: although withdrawal is justified as serving the infants' dignity, dignity itself appears unable to perform the adjudicative role it was assigned. In this paper, I articulate a novel account of dignity that understands treating a person with dignity as a process of moral reflection and action grounded in recognition respect. I argue that this account can adjudicate the cases of Charlie, Alfie, and Isaiah while preserving the moral assumptions reflected in the High Court rulings: that the infants were worthy of moral consideration, and that continued life-sustaining treatment or experimental intervention would have constituted an affront to their dignity.
BACKGROUND: Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is a key molecular feature in a subset of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The optimal treatment strategy for metastatic TNBC with HRD remains unclear despite multiple therapeutic options. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov, including conference proceedings, up to November 27, 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies reporting efficacy outcomes for metastatic TNBC with HRD biomarkers. Pairwise meta-analysis using random-effects models and Bayesian network meta-analysis were conducted. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) were used. Primary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); secondary outcomes were objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs). Treatment rankings were estimated using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). RESULTS: Thirteen studies with 1,341 patients and 8 treatment regimens were included. For metastatic TNBC with HRD, PARP inhibitors (PARPi), platinum-based chemotherapy (PBCT), and PARPi + PBCT significantly improved PFS compared to platinum-free chemotherapy (PFCT) (HR 0.53, 95% CrI 0.31–0.90; HR 0.60, 95% CrI 0.35–0.90; HR 0.41, 95% CrI 0.20–0.74). PARPi + PBCT ranked highest for PFS (SUCRA = 78.8%), while sacituzumab govitecan (SG) ranked highest for OS (SUCRA = 86.1%). PARPi + ATR inhibitor (ATRi) showed the highest ORR (SUCRA = 75.8%). PARPi + PBCT had the highest all-grade AEs (SUCRA = 30.5%), with PFCT having the lowest (SUCRA = 77.6%). In addition, SG was associated with the highest incidence of grade ≥ 3 AEs (SUCRA = 11.0%). CONCLUSION: PARPi + PBCT was associated with the most favorable PFS, whereas SG ranked highest for OS in patients with metastatic TNBC with HRD. These findings highlight distinct advantages across efficacy endpoints and underscore the need to balance efficacy and safety when selecting treatment strategies.
Despite global progress in developing integrated mental healthcare on primary healthcare level, particularly in low-and-middle income countries, descriptions of scaling-up efforts remain scarce. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, to describe a collaborative approach to embed a common mental health conditions screening tool and process within district primary health care systems in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Second, to explore perceptions of participating frontline workers and policy makers of the barriers and facilitators to embedding the tool using this collaborative approach as part of a scale-up process. Following a participatory action research approach, a learning collaborative was established that involved (1) mental health service coordinators from each district of the province of KwaZulu-Natal (n = 11), (2) provincial managers and policymakers (n = 4), and (3) members of the local research team. The capacity building programme was co-developed during a series of participatory workshops, and the common mental health conditions screening tool and associated processes were implemented and workshopped iteratively. The development and implementation of this programme as part of scaling up the screening intervention was assessed drawing from workshop proceedings, individual interviews with district coordinators (n = 11), and a focus group discussion (n = 8). Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed guided by the Consolidated Framework for advancing Implementation Research. The participatory development and implementation process resulted in consensus building, curriculum development, situational analyses, training, and continuous quality improvement. The collaborative and co-development approach to the capacity building curriculum was broadly favoured. Outer Settings emerged in terms of a lack of formal guidance documents for district mental health services, limited intersectoral collaboration, and limited community mental health literacy. In terms of Inner Settings, mental health continued to be under-prioritised in district services, with a lack of ring-fenced funding and data monitoring systems. Regarding Individuals, PHC staff were less well-trained and did not always want to engage in mental healthcare, with limited opportunity for capacity development. In terms of Implementation Processes, the flexibility of programme was particularly well illustrated during the disruptions of COVID-19, and adaptations were added to the programme to help address mental health and containing leadership among primary healthcare workers. While this period resulted in virtual workshops, face-to-face meetings were favoured. The scaling-up of an integrated primary mental health screening innovation requires capacity building among mid-level management, and a co-developed, collaborative programme built on continuous quality improvement provides promise in providing flexibility and communal problem-solving for more sustained implementation.
This systematic review investigated changes in maternal body composition and specific anthropometric indices during the postpartum period, and the factors influencing these changes. Longitudinal observational studies with at least two measurements of postpartum maternal body composition and anthropometry were included. Studies that assessed only BMI or included a single postpartum measurement without a corresponding preconception measure were excluded. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for studies published up to 30th September 2025. Conference proceedings or studies not published in English were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using the Assessing risk of bias and confounding in observational studies of interventions or exposures tool from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Data on the changes in body composition and associated factors were summarised and presented in graphical and tabular formats. The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Of 1,273 abstracts screened, 86 studies were retained for data extraction. Sixty-one studies assessed changes in body composition and anthropometry, while 44 studies examined the association between various factors and body composition outcomes. Overall, 73 body composition and anthropometric indices were reported, with fat mass ratio/percentage being the most frequently used measure. Waist circumference showed a substantial reduction during the first month of the postpartum. The timing of initial measurements, length of follow-up, and techniques varied widely; 59% of studies concluded follow-up at or before 9 months postpartum. Techniques used to assess body composition ranged from skinfold thickness and circumference measurements to bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This systematic review underscores the complexity and variability of postpartum body composition changes. Given the association between postpartum adiposity and adverse long-term maternal health outcomes, integrating body composition and anthropometric assessments alongside BMI is essential. Extending follow-up beyond one year postpartum may further improve understanding and management of postpartum adiposity in clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: International scientific conferences expose nursing students to current evidence, professional identity formation, and global networks, yet participation remains low. We aimed to identify evaluated interventions designed to increase nursing students’ participation in international scientific conferences. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science for English/Japanese records from January 2005 to 31 May 2025. We also examined three International Council of Nurses (ICN) Congress proceedings items authored by the research team as contextual sources. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts. Eligible studies targeted pre-licensure undergraduate nursing students and evaluated strategies intended to increase participation, reporting objective participation outcomes (e.g., abstract submission, registration, attendance, presentation). RESULTS: Database searches identified 173 records. After removing 58 duplicates, 115 records were screened by title and abstract. All 115 records were excluded at the title/abstract stage; therefore, no eligible evaluative studies were identified (n = 0). CONCLUSIONS: No evaluated interventions were identified. This empty review highlights an actionable evaluation gap. Informed by implementation and behavior-change theory and adjacent evidence, we outline implementation implications that can be adopted and monitored using routine indicators (key performance indicators) and iterative improvement cycles (Plan–Do–Study–Act).
Perioperative immunotherapy-particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce recurrence in resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite standard multimodal therapy, nearly half of patients experience relapse within five years. ICIs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have transformed recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, and their integration into curative settings is under active investigation.We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and major oncology conference proceedings (2018-2026) to identify clinical trials evaluating ICIs in the perioperative setting of HNSCC. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data. Outcomes of interest included safety, pathological response, event-free or disease-free survival (EFS/DFS), and overall survival (OS). Meta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneous study designs.Twenty-five studies (18 published, 7 conference abstracts) met inclusion criteria. Neoadjuvant ICI monotherapy was safe but showed modest major pathological response (MPR) rates (~ 6%). Combination strategies were more effective: the IMCISION trial reported 35% MPR with nivolumab plus ipilimumab vs. 17% with nivolumab alone. Neoadjuvant therapy did not delay surgery. In the adjuvant setting, the NIVOPOSTOP trial showed improved 3-year DFS with nivolumab plus postoperative chemoradiotherapy (63.1% vs. 52.5%). The KEYNOTE-689 trial showed perioperative pembrolizumab significantly improved EFS (51.8 vs. 30.4 months), leading to FDA approval in PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1 tumors.Pathologic response correlated with improved survival. Ongoing trials are refining biomarkers, combinations, and sequencing. Perioperative immunotherapy is reshaping curative-intent management of HNSCC, establishing a new multidisciplinary treatment paradigm.
Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease of childhood, with substantial consequences for children's health, development, and educational outcomes. Schools provide a strategic platform for oral health promotion, particularly through structured curricula aligned with the World Health Organization's Health Promoting Schools framework. However, clarity regarding the nature, scope, and implementation of oral health curricula within school settings remains limited. This scoping review aimed to map global evidence on school-based oral health curricula, examining their characteristics, delivery methods, stakeholder involvement, and assessment approaches. This review followed JBI Methodology for scoping reviews and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Databases searched were Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, CINAHL (Ovid), Dental & Oral Sciences source (Ovid), Web of Science, grey literature (like ProQuest, Google Scholar), ERIC, Epistemonikos, and government and professional dental associations' websites. Covidence software facilitated identification and screening of documents containing information about oral health in school curriculum. From 5,035 records identified, 42 documents met the inclusion criteria. The included evidence was heterogeneous comprising peer-reviewed studies, curriculum documents, websites, dissertations, conference proceedings, and media reports, with most published after 2000. The United States (n = 15) contributed the largest share of evidence, followed by India (n = 7) and United Kingdom (n = 6). Oral health curricula predominantly targeted primary school children focusing mainly on preventive topics such as oral hygiene practices, diet, and regular dental check-ups. Integrated curricula (n = 11)were reported more than stand-alone models (n = 1). Teachers were primary curriculum facilitators(n = 13). Only a minority of documents reported formal assessment methods, most commonly measuring changes in oral health knowledge and attitudes. Despite the high global burden of childhood oral diseases, evidence on structured school-based oral health curricula remains sparse and heterogeneous. Variability in terminology, curriculum design, delivery, and assessment highlights the need for standardized frameworks and clearer conceptualization of oral health curricula within school health programs. Strengthening and systematically integrating oral health into school curricula has the potential to support sustainable improvements in children's oral health and overall well-being.