共找到 20 条结果
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）
Instrument separation during endodontic treatment can present significant challenges, particularly in teeth with complex anatomy and open apices where conventional retrieval techniques carry a high risk of further apical displacement or dentine loss. We present a patient with a necrotic maxillary lateral incisor affected by dens invaginatus and an open apex in which the tip of a stainless steel bur became separated and displaced apically during access preparation. Conventional retrieval methods were deemed unsuitable due to the canal morphology and risk of extrusion. A neodymium magnet was coupled to a hand file and used under magnification to atraumatically attract and retrieve the fragment in a single controlled motion. Following successful removal, an apical barrier of mineral trioxide aggregate was placed and the canal obturated with thermoplasticised gutta-percha. Healing was uneventful. This case highlights the potential of magnetic retrieval as a minimally invasive technique in endodontics, offering a conservative alternative when conventional approaches are impractical or high risk.
The digitisation of herbarium collections is typically aimed at mobilising and distributing data about the specimens, while often omitting data about the individuals who contributed to the formation of these collections. Despite the obvious need to create databases of herbarium collectors, as well as to structure and standardise the data about them, there is currently no consolidated view on this regard. Many efforts have been made to develop various collector-centric databases, but there is no simple and quick way to present such data online by self-running herbaria or small initiatives. Therefore, here I introduce a framework that allows for easy configuration of WordPress to display data about herbarium collectors. This article describes the herbUA Collectors repo, allowing for the configuration of a standard WordPress installation for: (a) filling and online publishing the database of the herbarium collectors; (b) representing records about each collector as a single web page; (c) providing an interactive map search facility; (d) visualising the basic statistics on the database.
Despite more than a century of research (since 1896 to the present), a comprehensive summary of the spider fauna of the lowland part of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin is still lacking. The scattered and fragmentary nature of the available data hampers a thorough assessment of the species diversity and zoogeographical features of this territory. For the first time, based on original material, published scientific sources and records from open-access resources (GBIF, iNaturalist), a comprehensive assessment of the diversity of the spider fauna in the lowland and foothill arid parts of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin has been carried out. To date, this is the only and most complete list of spiders in the region.Original records are presented, including rare and little-known species for the region, with refined data on their ranges. The quality of open-access data was evaluated and its main shortcomings were identified. It is shown that, with the involvement of experienced naturalists who maintain contact with specialists, the proportion of reliable records can be significantly higher. The results broaden our knowledge of spider biodiversity in the region and may serve as a basis for future faunistic and zoogeographical studies.
Aims To explore the attitudes of undergraduate dental students towards dental foundation training (DFT), also known as dental vocational training in Scotland, and other early career pathways.Methods An online questionnaire was distributed via the British Dental Students' Association's communication channels to UK dental students using convenience and snowball sampling. The survey included closed- and open-ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed statistically and thematic analysis was applied to open-ended responses.Results A total of 177 responses were received, primarily from final-year students. Nearly all respondents planned to apply for DFT, with 25% aiming for NHS-only work, 52% for mixed NHS and private work, 9% private-only, 4% abroad, and 10% undecided. Expected earnings post-DFT ranged from £30,000 to £70,000 (median £50,000-£60,000) and a trend toward reducing workdays over time was noted.Conclusion UK dental students perceive DFT as a valuable step in preparing for independent practice. Insights into student attitudes, along with concerns about NHS challenges, financial pressures and career pathways, can inform workforce planning and policy, supporting sustainable development of the dental profession.
Large branchiopod crustaceans play a crucial ecological and economic role as flagship species in temporary aquatic habitats. With less than 10% of the global fauna identified in the Indian subcontinent, it is essential to conduct comprehensive research that includes open access information on their diversity and distribution. Such data generation is vital as it provides key insights to support management and conservation efforts. Given the limited, fragmented and incomplete information on the diversity and distribution of large branchiopods in India, we offer the first comprehensive compilation of species occurrence records for the country. This compilation integrates data from our field collections (2020-2024) and relevant information extracted from literature (from 1859-2024). We provide 581 comprehensive records of 46 species from India, revising the names and taxonomic classification of certain species to highlight the significance of detailed, georeferenced occurrence data in improving our knowledge of large branchiopod biodiversity and distribution. Additionally, we introduce the Rshiny application, which illustrates the spatial distribution of all large branchiopod species found in India, along with their frequency across various habitat types. We provide a total of 581 open access records using a literature review and our original data from India (1859-2024), with 13 families, 15 genera and 46 species from all five orders (Anostraca, Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida). Each record has its current scientific name, location name, geographic information system (GIS) data of the location, date/year of collection and the waterbody type in which the species was found.Few secondary occurrences date back to more than 150 years and it is likely that these habitats (such as pools and ponds) are now destroyed; the coordinates we provide for many such habitats/regions can help in re-surveying and re-describing certain species or in future research on this group. Following the initial study, which documented 42 species from the Indian subcontinent and 38 from India, we have added four new records to the Indian checklist. A new fairy shrimp species, Streptocephalus warliae Katke, Padhye & Vanjare, 2025 was also identified from our samples. An updated RShiny app, entitled 'LbranchidistributR' is presented for visualising the spatial distribution of all large branchiopod species occurring in India, along with the frequency of occurrence in different habitat types.
Spinolambrus macrochelos (Herbst, 1790) is a Mediterranean parthenopid crab whose original type material has been lost. A male specimen from Genoa (Italy) was designated as neotype by Tan & Low (2014), establishing the species' type locality. Despite this taxonomic clarification, no georeferenced records from the type locality are currently available in global biodiversity aggregators (GBIF, OBIS). We report a new occurrence of S. macrochelos from the same area as the neotype, providing morphological documentation, georeferenced metadata and openly available occurrence data. This constitutes the first publicly accessible record for the species from its type locality.
This article describes an exemplar-based approach to species checklist alignment. Biologists in many fields often work with tables whose rows denote taxonomic groups (more formally called taxonomic concepts). Such tables, here called checklists, are essential ingredients for communicating the information contained in many research articles, databases developed for research projects and laboratories and comprehensive taxonomic resources, such as the Mammal Diversity Database and Catalogue of Life. An important activity is reconciling or aligning two or more checklists (also called taxonomic concept mapping), i.e. relating the records of one checklist to the records of another. Our implementation of exemplar-based alignments is scalable both pragmatically and computationally: it does not require labour-intensive manual processing of the checklists or alignments, it handles large checklists efficiently and it is usefully aware of taxonomic concept relationship mappings. Open-source code implementing the exemplar-based approach is available online as part of the List Tools software library.
Colour cues in dental clinics may shape perceptions of professionalism, comfort, hygiene and anxiety, yet evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) settings across attire, PPE and the operatory environment remains limited. This study examined colour preferences across Oman, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was completed by non-healthcare university students in Oman (n = 193), UAE (n = 250) and Bahrain (n = 170) (total N = 613). Participants selected preferred colours for scrubs and multiple dental items (PPE, chairside disposables, dental chair and wall colour), indicated scrub colour by clinical scenario (routine, surgical, paediatric), endorsed 'comfortable' colours (select-all), and rated five attitudinal statements on a 5-point Likert scale. Between-country differences were examined using chi-square tests (Cramer's V) and Kruskal-Wallis tests; additional modelling included GEE for comfort endorsements and exploratory logistic regression for scenario switching. Scrub preferences clustered around classic colours (blue/black), with modest between-country differences (χ² = 24.09, df = 10, p = 0.007; V = 0.14). Oman most preferred black (50.3%) then blue (41.5%); the UAE preferred blue (52.8%) then black (42.0%); Bahrain preferred blue (47.1%) then black (37.1%). Scenario framing increased openness to non-classic colours in paediatric care (red and yellow), and only 16.6% retained the same scrub colour across all scenarios. For other items, classic/neutral tones predominated, with significant country differences for most categories (including masks, wall colour, dental chair, dental bib, disposable kit and suction tips), while glove colour distributions were broadly similar. Warm/yellow operatory lighting was preferred over white lighting overall (60.2%) with negligible between-country differences (p = 0.881). Comfort endorsements were highest for blue and white; patterned prints showed the clearest country separation (UAE 50.4% vs Oman 36.8% and Bahrain 35.9%), persisting in adjusted GEE models. Most respondents disagreed that darker colours appear less hygienic, although distributions differed modestly across countries (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.010). Colour preferences in GCC dental settings are anchored in a stable 'classic' palette, while scenario and item context introduce actionable departures, particularly for paediatric care. Black competed directly with blue across several domains and was not generally viewed as less hygienic, supporting its inclusion within a 'safe' procurement palette. Preference for warm lighting suggests a practical environmental lever to enhance perceived comfort.
Although Spondylus limbatus is a fishery resource in several Latin American countries and has been widely reported throughout the Panamic Province, gaps remain in the knowledge of its distribution and ecology. This bivalve has been exploited since pre-Hispanic times, although the specific harvesting grounds are still uncertain. To contribute to malacological issues of both archaeological and contemporary interest, we established a reference collection that will serve as a basis for future studies, particularly geochemical analyses. Sampling consisted of recovering approximately four individuals per locality, obtained mainly from local food consumption, while recording information on their provenance and collection environment, amongst other data. In total, 180 individuals were recovered from shallow waters at 72 localities distributed across eight countries of the region. Collection sites included open coasts, gulf and bays that may comprise islands and shoals. This work documents new localities in areas where previous information was scarce or absent, such Jalisco in Mexico and El Salvador, Nicaragua and Panama, thereby significantly expanding current knowledge of the distribution of this species.
Aims To explore teachers' perspectives on incorporating oral health education within schools, since its statutory introduction in the National Curriculum in England in 2020.Methods An online survey including open and closed questions was designed and distributed via postal invitations to selected schools in North West England, and via social media between September 2024 and January 2025. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while directed content analysis was used for free-text responses.Results Fifty-four responses were received. Oral health education was reported as inconsistent with different methods and frequencies of delivery reported; 21% (n = 11) teachers taught the topic less than once a year. Challenges included lack of curriculum time (44%, n = 23), and resources to help deliver (27%, n = 14) or plan the teaching (19%, n = 10). Most teachers (93%, n = 50) expressed confidence in their oral health knowledge, but free-text responses highlighted that teachers valued dental professionals' involvement with schools, and parental engagement to reinforce oral health at home.Conclusions Oral health education in schools remains inconsistent despite statutory requirements. Sustainable resources and multi-agency partnerships can help embed oral health promotion within a whole-school framework.
Many surveys report less than optimum knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of dental imaging for patient and operator safety. This study aimed to assess the KAP for diagnostic imaging among dentists in light of global practices and recent recommendations. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that was electronically distributed through dental social media platforms between March 1st and June 30th, 2022. Forty-seven questions evaluating demographics, knowledge, practice, and attitude were included. The survey targeted Egyptian dentists practicing in Egypt. Two hundred and twenty-eight dentists of different specialties responded. Fifty-nine percent of the dentists were not familiar with the ALARA principle. Fifty-three percent never use lead aprons. Dentists (16.6%) who practiced in facilities with cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCTs) showed significantly (p = 0.000) higher knowledge scores (7.89 ± 2.63) than those who didn't have CBCTs (6.16 ± 2.67). There was no statistical difference in training received (p = 0.345) between the different specialties. Most dentists (79.4%) were interested in increasing their knowledge of radiation safety. Within the limitations of this study, there is a need to educate dentists on radiation hazards, child-sized imaging protocols, and how to implement the ALARA principle. Training materials freely available on reliable websites should be disseminated. Regulations should include auditing referrals and periodic calibration of X-ray units.
Hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) is used in oral care formulations as a remineralizing agent and acts as a reservoir for calcium and phosphate ions. Consequently, HAP can serve as a neutralizing agent during acidic attacks caused by erosive beverages or cariogenic processes. This in vitro study aims to investigate the neutralization potential of HAP particles, used in oral care products, with a focus on changes in pH value, Ca2+ release, and structural integrity. 5.0% (w/v) particulate HAP was added to hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid, and lactic acid (37 °C, 0.1 M), as well as to Sprite® and Coca-Cola®, all under continuous stirring. pH values were measured after equilibration. Neutralization kinetics of HAP were investigated in Sprite® and Coca-Cola® within the first 30 s after addition of 0.15% (w/v), 0.5% (w/v), and 5.0% (w/v) HAP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate crystallite morphology and composition. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was conducted to analyze Ca2+ release. The investigated HAP shows a significant increase in pH in all systems and neutralizes between 98.0% and 99.9% of the acidic protons in the equilibrium. Up to 2619 mg L-1 ± 48 mg L-1 of Ca2+ are released in hydrochloric acid, while the porous particle structure remains unaffected. Kinetic investigation in beverages shows that already 0.15% (w/v) HAP neutralizes most of the dissociated acid within 20 s (83.9% in Sprite®, 98.7% in Coca-Cola®). The study shows that HAP used in oral care formulations can efficiently counteract acids by increasing pH value and releasing Ca2+ ions, while retaining its functional morphology.
To identify and summarize the types of adipokines associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis and prognosis. A comprehensive literature search was done involving Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. Studies involving adipokines in OSCC conducted in humans were included. Adipokines have diverse and stage-dependent effects on OSCC, including regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, and tumour progression. Adipokines such as chemerin, resistin, leptin, and apelin contribute to tumour progression. Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein and adiponectin were found to be antitumourigenic in OSCC. Methodological heterogeneity and a lack of standardized outcome measures limit comparability across studies to establish the definitive role of adipokines in OSCC. Adipokines shape OSCC biology through diverse, stage-specific mechanisms, making them potential biomarkers of disease progression. The adipokines reported in OSCC require validation through long-term prospective studies and addressing methodological heterogeneity to serve as prognostic markers.
This in vitro study used a pH cycling model to compare the caries remineralizing efficacy of toothpaste formulations containing calcium hypophosphite (CaP), hydroxyapatite (HAP), or sodium fluoride (NaF). Bovine enamel blocks with plaque-induced initial caries lesions were randomized (n = 30/group) to toothpaste formulations containing 1% CaP, 20% HAP, 1% CaP+20% HAP, or 1450 ppm fluoride provided as NaF. Lesion-bearing samples were subjected to a 14-day remineralization using a pH-cycling model with daily regimen of three 2-min applications of toothpaste slurry (1:3 toothpaste: water), one 2-h acid exposure, and storage in artificial saliva for the rest of the day. Remineralization was quantified as change in surface microhardness (SMH) of each sample measured before and after toothpaste treatment and expressed as percent remineralization (%Rem). Statistical analyses included paired t tests for within-group changes and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests for between-group comparisons (α = 0.05). All groups exhibited significant (paired t test, p < 0.001) increase in SMH from baseline, indicating remineralization. Combining CaP and HAP achieved significantly (ANOVA/Tukey's, p < 0.001) greater %Rem (89.7 ± 3.3) when compared with CaP alone (75.4 ± 5.5), HAP alone (62.4 ± 4.8), or NaF alone (60.3 ± 7.8). While %Rem achieved with CaP alone was significantly (p < 0.001) greater than that of HAP and NaF, there was no significant difference in %Rem between HAP and NaF. This in vitro study demonstrates that CaP alone, and in combination with HAP, increases enamel surface microhardness, confirming that CaP-based formulations are efficient strategies for the remineralization of early caries lesions.
This study aimed to systematically evaluate the relationship between parental mental health and early childhood caries (ECC), providing scientific basis for researching the etiology and enabling clinical prediction and prevention of ECC. A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases to identify relevant studies published up to October 2025. Eligible studies were those investigating the relationship between parental mental health and ECC. Data extraction and synthesis were performed following PRISMA guidelines using Stata 16.0. Robustness, heterogeneity, certainty of evidence, and publication bias were evaluated. Out of 2889 studies, 12 were included in the meta-analysis. From 12 included studies, 3 explored parental depression, 7 explored parental dental anxiety, 4 explored parental stress, and 1 explored parental general anxiety disorder. The meta-analysis results showed that parental mental conditions increased the risk of ECC (ECC prevalence rate: OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.12-2.12) and (dmft: SMD = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.13-0.26), significantly.The subgroup results showed that parental dental anxiety and depression were both associated with ECC (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00-2.51; OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09-2.04). There was no relationship between parental stress and ECC (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 0.36-13.20). The meta-analysis results of adjustment ORs about parental stress were similar to the crude ORs (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.58-1.14). The results indicated a strong association between parental mental conditions and ECC. Furthermore, higher levels of dental anxiety and depression in parents were associated with a higher prevalence of ECC in their children. However, the relationship between psychological stress and ECC was not observed. Results must be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the evidence base.
暂无摘要（点击查看详情）