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In recent years, different scientific disciplines, from Physics to Egyptology, from Geology to Archaeoastronomy, evidenced a series of clues pointing to the possibility that the original project of the pyramid complex of Khufu at Giza included also the project of the second pyramid complex at the same site, that of Khafra. The aim of the present paper is to discuss this issue in a systematic fashion and to explore its consequences on the way the ancient Egyptians conceived and built monuments and entire landscapes during the Old Kingdom.

In this paper geology and planetology are considered using new conceptual basis of high-speed flow dynamics. Recent photo technics allow to see all details of a flow, 'cause the flow is static during very short time interval. On the other hand, maps and images of many planets are accessible. Identity of geological flows and high-speed gas dynamics is demonstrated. There is another time scale, and no more. All results, as far as the concept, are new and belong to the author. No formulae, pictures only.

In compositional data, an observation is a vector with non-negative components which sum to a constant, typically 1. Data of this type arise in many areas, such as geology, archaeology, biology, economics and political science among others. The goal of this paper is to extend the taxicab metric and a newly suggested metric for compositional data by employing a power transformation. Both metrics are to be used in the k-nearest neighbours algorithm regardless of the presence of zeros. Examples with real data are exhibited.

The real-time process of directional changes while drilling, known as geosteering, is crucial for hydrocarbon extraction and emerging directional drilling applications such as geothermal energy, civil infrastructure, and CO2 storage. The geo-energy industry seeks an automatic geosteering workflow that continually updates the subsurface uncertainties and captures the latest geological understanding given the most recent observations in real-time. We propose "DISTINGUISH": a real-time, AI-driven workflow designed to transform geosteering by integrating Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for geological parameterization, ensemble methods for model updating, and global discrete dynamic programming (DDP) optimization for complex decision-making during directional drilling operations. The DISTINGUISH framework relies on offline training of a GAN model to reproduce relevant geology realizations and a Forward Neural Network (FNN) to model Logging-While-Drilling (LWD) tools' response for a given geomodel. This paper introduces a first-of-its-kind workflow that progressively reduces GAN-geomodel uncertainty around and ahead of the drilling bit and adjusts the well plan accordingly. The wo

Stellar elemental abundances direct impact planetary interior structure and mineralogy, surface composition, and life. However, the different communities that are necessary for planetary habitability exploration (astrophysics, planetary science, geology, and biology) emphasize different elements. If we are to make progress, especially in view of upcoming NASA missions, we must collectively broaden our communication regarding lists of useful elements, their impact on planetary systems, and how they can be observed in the near and long term.

The most significant periodicities in the terrestrial impact crater record are due to the human-signal: the bias of assigning integer values for the crater ages. This bias seems to have eluded the proponents and opponents of real periodicity in the occurrence of these events, as well as the theorists searching for an extraterrestrial explanation for such periodicity. The human-signal should be seriously considered by scientists in astronomy, geology and paleontology when searching for a connection between terrestrial major comet or asteroid impacts and mass extinctions of species.

Kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) has been identified in many countries extending from MesoAmerica and Egypt, to South-east Asia and China. Although CKDu has been linked by various authors to farming, it is an artifact of treating multi-modal disease distributions as unimodal. There is NO correlation of CKDu with agriculture since affected farming villages are often surrounded by other farming villages free of CKDu. Initial studies looked for a correlation of CKDu with toxic heavy metal residues of arsenic, cadmium etc., or herbicides like glyphosate that may be present in the environment, as the causative factors. There is now considerable consensus that their concentrations are below danger thresholds, be it in Mesoamerica or south-east Asia. The conceptual basis of a search for etiology within a systems approach is discussed, and attempts to name the disease to bias the identification of its etiology are reviewed. Current research has narrowed down the etiology to geochemical electrolytic contaminants like fluorides and ionic components in hard water, nanosilica (found in water as well as in the air), as well as renal toxins similar to indoxyl sulphates that may arise f

In September 1777, Ruđer Bošković observed sunspots for six days. Based on these measurements, he used his own methods to calculate the elements of the solar rotation, the longitude of the node, the inclination of the solar equator and the period. He published a description of the methods, the method of observation and detailed instructions for calculations in the second chapter of the fifth part of the Opera in 1785. In this paper, Bošković original calculations and repeated calculations by his procedure are published. By analysing the input quantities, procedures, and results, the input quantities of the error, and the calculation results are discussed. The reproduction of Bošković calculations is successfully reproduced and we obtained very similar results. The conclusion proposes a relationship of Bošković research with modern astronomy.

The evolution of the meteorite flux to the Earth can be studied by determining the terrestrial ages of meteorite collected in hot deserts. We have measured the terrestrial ages of 54 stony meteorites from the El Médano area, in the Atacama Desert, using the cosmogenic nuclide chlorine 36. With an average age of 710 ka, this collection is the oldest collection of non fossil meteorites at the Earth's surface. This allows both determining the average meteorite flux intensity over the last 2 Myr (222 meteorites larger than 10 g per km2 per Myr) and discussing its possible compositional variability over the Quaternary period. A change in the flux composition, with more abundant H chondrites, occurred between 0.5 and 1 Ma, possibly due to the direct delivery to Earth of a meteoroid swarm from the asteroid belt.

Cosmic spherules have largely been classified into S-, I-, and G-types according to their compositions, and are identified to have chondritic or achondritic materials as precursors. A recent recovery expedition attempted to sample fragments of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 bolide retrieved roughly 850 magnetic particles, some of which have unknown origins. Among those identified were a new group of highly differentiated materials consisting of close to 160 specimens categorized as "D-type" particles. We studied the D-type particles with the goal of comparing their various morphological features to their chemical compositional groupings. Four morphological classifications are considered: "scoriaceous," "stubby," "blocky," and "vesicular." The specimens from the "scoriaceous" and "stubby" groups exhibit a spinel/magnetite rim in at least one instance, characteristic of atmospheric entry, and textures indicative of quenching such as dendritic microcrystalline structures, suggesting that a subset of specimens from these groups are candidates for materials of extraterrestrial origin. The particles exhibiting "blocky" and "vesicular" textures are likely to be terrestrial in origin, with no obviou