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Moiré metalens is attractive for imaging applications due to their compact form factor and high zoom ratio. Here, we propose a novel Moiré zoom metalens system that achieves a continuous 10× zoom over a focal length range of 2.2-22 mm at 1,064 nm, while extending the full field of view up to 93°. A variable aperture, capable of axial translation, is introduced to jointly suppress aberrations and maintain a large aperture size with f-numbers ranging from 2.5 to 7.5. The system delivers near-diffraction-limited imaging resolution across the entire zoom and field-of-view range, with Strehl ratios exceeding 0.9. This level of performance is comparable to commercial optics and is rarely reported in metalens-based zoom systems. Remarkably, the total optical volume is only ∼4.2 × 32 mm, underscoring its potential for miniaturized imaging. Furthermore, we establish an integrated design and validation pipeline that strategically combines geometric optics, scalar diffraction, and vectorial electromagnetic theory. This multi-theory approach provides an efficient and generalizable pathway for the development of high-performance metalens systems.

Selection is a fundamental interaction element in virtual reality (VR) and 3D user interfaces (UIs). Raycasting, one of the most common object selection techniques, is known to have difficulties in selecting small or distant objects. Meanwhile, recent advancements in computer vision technology have enabled seamless vision-based hand tracking in consumer VR headsets, enhancing accessibility to freehand mid-air interaction and highlighting the need for further research in this area. This study proposes a new technique called TouchView, which utilizes a virtual panel with a modern adaptation of the Through-the-Lens metaphor to improve freehand selection for VR UIs. TouchView enables faster and less demanding target selection by allowing direct touch interaction with the magnified object proxies reflected on the panel view. A repeated-measures ANOVA on the results of a follow-up experiment on multitarget selection with 23 participants showed that TouchView outperformed the current market-dominating freehand raycasting technique, Hybrid Ray, in terms of task performance, perceived workload, and preference. User behavior was also analyzed to understand the underlying reasons for these improvements. The proposed technique can be used in VR UI applications to enhance the selection of distant objects, especially for cases with frequent view shifts.

Molecular biology data exist on diverse scales, from the level of molecules to -omics. At the same time, the data at each scale can be categorised into multiple layers, such as the genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and biochemical pathways. Due to the highly multi-layer and multi-dimensional nature of biological information, software interfaces for database browsing should provide an intuitive interface that allows for rapid migration across different views and scales. The Zoomable User Interface (ZUI) and tabbed browsing have proven successful for this purpose in other areas, especially to navigate the vast information in the World Wide Web. This paper presents Genome Projector, a Web-based gateway for genomics information with a zoomable user interface using Google Maps API, equipped with four seamlessly accessible and searchable views: a circular genome map, a traditional genome map, a biochemical pathways map, and a DNA walk map. The Web application for 320 bacterial genomes is available at http://www.g-language.org/GenomeProjector/. All data and software including the source code, documentations, and development API are freely available under the GNU General Public License. Zoomable maps can be easily created from any image file using the development API, and an online data mapping service for Genome Projector is also available at our Web site. Genome Projector is an intuitive Web application for browsing genomics information, implemented with a zoomable user interface and tabbed browsing utilising Google Maps API and Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) technology.

Treemaps provide an interesting solution for representing hierarchical data. However, most studies have mainly focused on layout algorithms and paid limited attention to the interaction with treemaps. This makes it difficult to explore large data sets and to get access to details, especially to those related to the leaves of the trees. We propose the notion of zoomable treemaps (ZTMs), an hybridization between treemaps and zoomable user interfaces that facilitates the navigation in large hierarchical data sets. By providing a consistent set of interaction techniques, ZTMs make it possible for users to browse through very large data sets (e.g., 700,000 nodes dispatched amongst 13 levels). These techniques use the structure of the displayed data to guide the interaction and provide a way to improve interactive navigation in treemaps.

Biochemical pathways provide an essential context for understanding comprehensive experimental data and the systematic workings of a cell. Therefore, the availability of online pathway browsers will facilitate post-genomic research, just as genome browsers have contributed to genomics. Many pathway maps have been provided online as part of public pathway databases. Most of these maps, however, function as the gateway interface to a specific database, and the comprehensiveness of their represented entities, data mapping capabilities, and user interfaces are not always sufficient for generic usage. We have identified five central requirements for a pathway browser: (1) availability of large integrated maps showing genes, enzymes, and metabolites; (2) comprehensive search features and data access; (3) data mapping for transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic experiments, as well as the ability to edit and annotate pathway maps; (4) easy exchange of pathway data; and (5) intuitive user experience without the requirement for installation and regular maintenance. According to these requirements, we have evaluated existing pathway databases and tools and implemented a web-based pathway browser named Pathway Projector as a solution. Pathway Projector provides integrated pathway maps that are based upon the KEGG Atlas, with the addition of nodes for genes and enzymes, and is implemented as a scalable, zoomable map utilizing the Google Maps API. Users can search pathway-related data using keywords, molecular weights, nucleotide sequences, and amino acid sequences, or as possible routes between compounds. In addition, experimental data from transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses can be readily mapped. Pathway Projector is freely available for academic users at (http://www.g-language.org/PathwayProjector/).

In this paper, we propose a method of chromatic aberration elimination in holographic display based on a zoomable liquid lens. The liquid lens is filled with two immiscible liquids and developed by using the principle of electrowetting. The shape at the liquid-liquid interface changes with the voltage applied to the liquid lens, so the focal length can be adjusted by changing the voltage. By using the liquid lens in the holographic display system, the position of the reconstructed image can be controlled. When three color lasers illuminate the corresponding holograms and the focal length of the liquid lens changes accordingly, three color images can coincide in the same location clearly. The experimental results verify its feasibility.

Projectors require a zoom function. This function is generally realized using a zoom lens module composed of many lenses and mechanical parts; however, using a zoom lens module increases the system size and cost, and requires manual operation of the module. Holographic projection is an attractive technique because it inherently requires no lenses, reconstructs images with high contrast and reconstructs color images with one spatial light modulator. In this paper, we demonstrate a lensless zoomable holographic projection. Without using a zoom lens module, this holographic projection realizes the zoom function using a numerical method, called scaled Fresnel diffraction which can calculate diffraction at different sampling rates on a projected image and hologram.

Chaos Game Representation (CGR) is a generalized scale-independent Markov transition table, which is useful for the visualization and comparative study of genomic signature, or for the study of characteristic sequence motifs. However, in order to fully utilize the scale-independent properties of CGR, it should be accessible through scale-independent user interface instead of static images. Here we describe a web server and Perl library for generating zoomable CGR images utilizing Google Maps API, which is also easily searchable for specific motifs. The web server is freely accessible at http://www.g-language.org/wiki/cgr/, and the Perl library as well as the source code is distributed with the G-language Genome Analysis Environment under GNU General Public License.

Head-up displays (HUDs) have already penetrated into vehicle applications and demand keeps growing. Existing head-up displays have their image fixed at a certain distance in front of the windshield. New development could have two images displayed at two different yet fixed distances simultaneously or switchable upon request. The physical distance of HUD image is associated with the accommodation delay as a safety issue in driving, and could also be a critical parameter for augmented reality (AR) function. In this paper, a novel architecture for HUD has been proposed to make the image distance continuously tunable by exploiting the merit of both holographic and geometrical imaging. Holographic imaging is capable of changing image position by varying the modulation on a spatial light modulator (SLM) without any mechanical movement. Geometrical imaging can easily magnify longitudinal image position with short depth of focus by using large aperture components. A prototype based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) SLM has demonstrated the capability of changing image position from 3 m to 30 m verified with parallax method.

The local wavefront modulation technique in the terahertz band is an important basis for the development of terahertz modulation technology. Here, an electrically controlled convergent tunable device based on patterned transparent electrode poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) is realized to locally tune the terahertz wavefront. The device consists of two substrates with circular-hole electrodes and liquid crystal sandwiched between them. The refractive index gradient of liquid crystal in the device can be generated by the coaxial double-hole electrodes, which realize continuous control of significant focusing of the terahertz wave. The test results show that the focal length can be modulated in the range of 3-12 cm with varied external voltage; when it varies from 3 to 8 V, the 1/e2 radius of the spot decreases to 1.3 mm, 0.27 times the initial state, and the spot central intensity magnification increases gradually with the change, up to 3.31 times. The acquisition of the large tunable focal length range of the continuous terahertz zoom device shows that the construction of the gradient refractive index is an important method to regulate the terahertz wavefront by optical means, which greatly promotes the research of terahertz imaging devices.

The detailed structure of molecular networks, including their dependence on conditions and time, are now routinely assayed by various experimental techniques. Visualization is a vital aid in integrating and interpreting such data. We describe emerging approaches for representing and visualizing systems data and for achieving semantic zooming, or changes in information density concordant with scale. A central challenge is to move beyond the display of a static network to visualizations of networks as a function of time, space and cell state, which capture the adaptability of the cell. We consider approaches for representing the role of protein complexes in the cell cycle, displaying modules of metabolism in a hierarchical format, integrating experimental interaction data with structured vocabularies such as Gene Ontology categories and representing conserved interactions among orthologous groups of genes.

We present Bento Box, a virtual reality data visualization technique and bimanual 3D user interface for exploratory analysis of 4D data ensembles. Bento Box helps scientists and engineers make detailed comparative judgments about multiple time-varying data instances that make up a data ensemble (e.g., a group of 10 parameterized simulation runs). The approach is to present an organized set of complementary volume visualizations juxtaposed in a grid arrangement, where each column visualizes a single data instance and each row provides a new view of the volume from a different perspective and/or scale. A novel bimanual interface enables users to select a sub-volume of interest to create a new row on-the-fly, scrub through time, and quickly navigate through the resulting virtual "bento box." The technique is evaluated through a real-world case study, supporting a team of medical device engineers and computational scientists using in-silico testing (supercomputer simulations) to redesign cardiac leads. The engineers confirmed hypotheses and developed new insights using a Bento Box visualization. An evaluation of the technical performance demonstrates that the proposed combination of data sampling strategies and clipped volume rendering is successful in displaying a juxtaposed visualization of fluid-structure-interaction simulation data (39 GB of raw data) at interactive VR frame rates.

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