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Automated electrographic seizure detection software often rely on the high channel counts of traditional electroencephalography (EEG) recording systems. However, these systems are notoriously cumbersome, limiting both the duration of and access to EEG monitoring. Recent medical-grade wearable devices approach these issues by using small, discreet sensors and reduced channels for ease of use during daily life. The need for reliable seizure detection software that can operate on these reduced-channel recordings will continue to grow as these devices become more widely available. To this end, REMI Vigilenz AI for Event Detection (VED), a novel, reduced-channel automated electrographic seizure detection algorithm, has been developed and commercialized as a clinical decision support tool for one such wearable EEG system (REMI, Epitel, Inc.). As Software as a Medical Device, VED performance was formally assessed against a consensus of expert clinician reviewers of EEG. However, consensus-based approaches, while straightforward to report, can be difficult to interpret, because experts can disagree on what constitutes an electrographic seizure in EEG records. To address this, an inter-rater evaluation paradigm is employed herein, whereby the agreement between the reduced-channel automated detector and clinician experts is directly measured in relation to the degree to which those experts agree among themselves. Additionally, a state-of-the-art, automated electrographic seizure detector designed for high-channel-count EEG (Persyst 15, [P15]) is also assessed to provide further context. To directly simulate the real-world EEG review process, experts and algorithms reviewed entire EEG recordings rather than preselected short-duration snippets. In total, 60 standard-of-care wired EEG records (mean duration: 67 hours) from epilepsy monitoring units and home ambulatory settings, with 19+ channels placed based on the international 10-20 system, were independently annotated for electrographic seizures by groups of three epileptologists (experts) and two algorithms (VED and P15). Experts and P15 reviewed the complete 19+ channel EEG records, while VED operated exclusively on four differential EEG channels extracted from the wired EEG records (equivalent to bilateral frontal and temporoparietal placement as expected by the REMI system). Relative sensitivity, precision, and false positives per day (FPs/day) were computed across expert-expert and algorithm-expert pairs. The experts produced a total of 348 markings across the 4,036 hours of data. Relative inter-rater sensitivity between the experts ranged from 68.4% (95% confidence interval [CI[Formula: see text]]=[48.8%, 84.5%]) to 88.3%, [77.5%, 94.7%], while relative FPs/day ranged from 0.16, [0.02, 0.47] to 0.79, [0.14, 2.48]. The four-channel VED algorithm averaged a sensitivity of 77.0%, [69.4%-83.2%] with 4.79, [3.83-6.47] FPs/day relative to the experts. P15, provided for context, achieved a relative sensitivity of 65.4%, [56.0%-74.0%] with 1.30, [0.99-1.74] FPs/day. VED non-inferiority to the experts was assessed by setting a -10% sensitivity and +1 FPs/day margin. VED at the official Low confidence level demonstrated non-inferiority in sensitivity (p < 0.01), while not meeting statistical non-inferiority for FPs/day. However, at the Moderate confidence level, VED contributed no more than +0.01 FPs/day relative to experts (p < 0.05) while retaining at least 75% of the experts' sensitivity (p < 0.01). VED's sensitivity increased as more expert reviewer agreement was required, even though the median duration of events decreased, demonstrating that inter-rater evaluation methods can provide insights that consensus-based paradigms may misinterpret. The experts had high concordance among themselves and with the site epileptologists when determining which records had electrographic seizure activity. The most discordant records, where VED and experts produced the highest FPs/day, were records where the site physician's clinical notes stated high rates of polyspike and/or spike-wave activity, epileptiform events that future versions of VED may need to account for. Overall, our findings show that, despite operating on reduced, four-channel EEG data, the VED algorithm achieves inter-rater sensitivity comparable to that of epileptologists and a state-of-the-art full-channel software, albeit at the expense of a higher number of false positives per day. This analysis was only performed on a limited number of participants using conventional wired EEG data rather than in situ wearable EEG data from real-world, everyday life. However, these evaluations lay the groundwork for future inter-rater and consensus-based validation studies that would occur over longer periods of time that will be necessary to demonstrate real-world algorithm performance and clinical utility, including a reduced burden for reviewing extended duration EEG.
Background/Objectives: A fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) with a central waist and long retrieval string has recently been introduced for benign biliary strictures; however, its role in malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) remains unclear. This prospective, multicenter study evaluated the feasibility of palliation for unresectable distal MBO. Methods: Between April 2022 and March 2023, patients with extrahepatic MBO were enrolled across six tertiary referral centers. The FCSEMS was a silicone-covered, cross-wired nitinol stent with an anti-migration central waist 2 mm narrower than both ends, three radiopaque markers, and a 10 cm retrieval string. Stent-related outcomes and adverse events were analyzed. Results: Both technical and clinical success rates were 100% (46/46). The median stent patency and survival times were 251 and 360 days, respectively. Stent dysfunction occurred in 18 patients (39.1%), including 10 with migration and 8 with occlusion. Stent migration was observed exclusively in the transpapillary stenting group and showed no significant association with stricture length, stent-bending angle, or the ratio of stent lengths above and below the maximal bending point. All the occluded stents were successfully removed. Early non-recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) adverse events occurred in five patients (three with pancreatitis, one with bleeding, one with cholecystitis), whereas late non-RBO events were reported in three patients (two with cholecystitis, one with cholangitis). Conclusions: An FCSEMS with a central waist and retrieval string is feasible for the palliation of unresectable distal MBO. Optimization of the mechanical properties is warranted to minimize migration.
Modern predictive modeling increasingly calls for a single learned dynamical substrate to operate across multiple regimes. From a dynamical systems viewpoint, this capability decomposes into the storage of multiple attractors and the recall of the appropriate attractor in response to contextual cues. In reservoir computing, multi-attractor learning has largely been pursued using large, randomly wired reservoirs, on the assumption that stochastic connectivity is required to generate sufficiently rich internal dynamics. At the same time, recent work shows that minimal deterministic reservoirs can match random designs for single-system chaotic forecasting. In this paper, we examine the conditions under which minimal reservoir topologies can learn multiple chaotic attractors across storage and recall settings. Using a storage and recall protocol, we find that minimal architectures struggle when explicit recall is required. We then introduce an input concatenation training strategy, in which two attractors are embedded into a single enlarged input space, and show that these reservoirs can represent the joint evolution of multiple chaotic attractors. We test all 28 unordered system pairs formed from eight three-dimensional chaotic systems. Across the ten deterministic topologies investigated, we do not observe a robust dependence of multi-attractor performance on reservoir topology: No single topology consistently outperforms the others in either the storage-only or cue-dependent recall settings. Our results indicate that minimal reservoirs can learn multiple attractors when they are presented jointly but struggle to reliably recall a specific attractor from a model trained on multiple systems.
Developing electronic skin (e-skin) that perceives multi-stimuli and even exceeds human skin sensing capacity remains a major challenge. Yet existing technologies focused mainly on tactile sensing suffer from poor superimposed multi-stimuli discrimination, external power dependence, and wired transmission modes. Here, we report an integrated wireless passive wearable sensor based on frequency-division inductance-capacitance (LC) resonator array, capable of simultaneously detecting superimposed multi-stimuli including pressure, odor and humidity, along with decoupling. The system's performance is designed and validated using three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Notably, pressure-sensing with an ultrafast response/recovery (∼5/6 ms) and high sensitivity (6.15 MHz·kPa-1) is enabled by a gradient-modulus trilayer hydrogel incorporating a micro-pyramidal patterned top-layer. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates trace-level (200 ppb) NO2 detection without interference from humidity or pressure and exhibits high humidity sensitivity across a wide humidity range (2%-98% RH). Demonstration of this sensor as e-skin reveals capabilities surpassing previous devices, enabling wireless passive and decoupled detection of small applied mechanical pressure, trace-level NO2, and ambient humidity under complex stimuli conditions, showing high selectivity and minimal cross-sensitivity. The proposed system introduces a transformative approach, unlocking substantial benefits for a variety of wearable applications.
Human kidney potassium (K+) handling evolved to clear massive Paleolithic loads, functioning as a high-capacity survival mechanism to prevent lethal hyperkalemia. This review elucidates the molecular machinery underlying this adaptation, identifying the WNK-SPAK-OSR1 kinase network as the central regulator. We detail how the distal convoluted tubule functions as a sensory organ, utilizing an "NCC switch" driven by intracellular chloride to resolve the "aldosterone paradox". This adaptation ensures K+ secretion is prioritized over Na+ reabsorption during high intake. Furthermore, we examine the roles of the gut-kidney axis and the molecular circadian clock as anticipatory feed-forward mechanisms that prime the kidney for excretion prior to absorption. This framework integrates the flow-dependent gating of BK channels, the acid-base sensitivity of ROMK, and the electroneutral pendrin/KCC3a pathway as redundant "fail-safe" valves necessary to clear massive Paleolithic K+ loads. Finally, we conclude that while the modern diet rarely challenges this massive excretory potential, the machinery remains biologically wired to prioritize the purging of K+, ensuring survival by preserving resting membrane potential above all else.
Field-trial dogs decelerate from speed, turn, and retrieve birds, potentially predisposing to biceps tendinopathy. Acoustic myography (AMG) measures muscle contraction. We hypothesized that braking/turning (turn) to retrieve birds produces more biceps and triceps work vs. gallop to the bird (out-run), or back with the bird (return) and that work in these muscles would be asymmetric between limbs at turn. Fourteen conditioned, orthopedically sound retrievers were fitted with wired sensors adhered bilaterally to triceps and biceps, connected to a harness holding AMG equipment. Dogs performed three 91.44 m retrieves with 2 s AMG recordings sampled mid out-run and return, and 1 s during turn; speed was calculated for each section. Data analysis: Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and either Student's t-test (AMG data inside vs. outside leg at turn) or one-way mixed effects model with Geisser-Greenhouse correction or ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post-hoc test (other AMG parameters, dog speed). Significance was p < 0.05. Speed was faster at out-run vs. return. Biceps at out-run had greater amplitude vs. return and frequency vs. turn. Biceps at turn had greater amplitude than return. Triceps at both out-run and turn had greater amplitude vs. return. Contraction frequency was greater for biceps at out-run vs. turn and for triceps at turn vs. out-run. Carrying a bird is not a risk factor for biceps tendinopathy in field trial dogs; excess tensile load on the biceps from triceps action at turn, and high muscle work in the biceps at out-run are likely risk factors.
Neuromodulation techniques including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) have been widely investigated for their therapeutic potential in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Basic studies using freely behaving animal models are critical for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of these neuromodulation techniques. However, conventional neuromodulation systems typically rely on wired connections or wireless systems incorporating communication and control modules, which increase device weight and volume, restrict natural behavior, and may introduce confounding factors in behavioral experiments. Here, we present an ultra-lightweight wireless neuromodulation system that can be externally controlled using infrared (IR) light, eliminating the need for complex wireless communication modules. The system incorporates wavelength-selective phototransistors (810 and 950 nm) to enable independent control of tDCS and DBS. The complete tDCS device weighs less than 1.5 g, while the DBS device weighs less than 0.5 g. Characterization of the IR LED array demonstrated uniform light distribution and high thermal stability, with no detectable temperature changes in the experimental environment during prolonged illumination. Open-field behavioral testing confirmed that neither device attachment nor IR illumination affected spontaneous locomotor activity in mice. In stimulation experiments targeting the secondary motor cortex (M2), both tDCS and DBS induced robust circling behavior in freely behaving mice, demonstrating effective modulation of motor-related neural circuits. These results indicate that the proposed systems enable reliable and selective neuromodulation without constraining natural behavior, providing a versatile platform for future behavioral and mechanistic studies of neuromodulation.
Certain Clostridium pasteurianum strains encode up to four FeFe-hydrogenases, which are homologous (identity > 20%) but can be readily distinguished by their number of residues (450-550), the nature and number of accessory iron-sulfur clusters (up to four), and the composition of the so-called P1 motif (TSCCP in CpI and CpII, TSCCCP in CpIII, or NSCCP in CpIV). CpI is one of the most extensively characterized FeFe-hydrogenases; here we compare it with CpII using protein film electrochemistry, the technique invented and popularised by Fraser Armstrong in Oxford. In this approach the enzyme is wired to an electrode and then interrogated to obtain information on their catalytic responses and reactions with the inhibitors. With the aim of elucidating the relation between structure and function within the FeFe-hydrogenase family, we also examined the effects of replacing three CpII residues with the corresponding residues from CpI: S99A, near the active-site dinuclear cluster; T377A, between the cubane and the proximal cluster; and S73A, near the distal cluster. Small effects are observed on the catalytic bias (S99A) and the Michaelis constant for H₂ (S99A), but not on the irreversibility of the catalytic response of CpII. The most significant changes concern the reaction with O₂: unlike CpI, CpII reacts fully irreversibly with O₂; the T377A and S99A mutations significantly slow this reaction, whereas the S73A mutation makes it more reversible. These findings have far-reaching implications for ongoing research aimed at understanding why homologous hydrogenases exhibit distinct catalytic properties, by suggesting that these differences likely arise from a combination of small changes rather than a single underlying cause.
Precise interfacial engineering and rational component synergy are critical for high-performance photocatalysts but remain challenging to achieve. Here, we report a COF/nanocluster hybrid photocatalyst (NZT-1) constructed by a hydrogen-bonding-directed assembly strategy. The catalyst comprises a photoactive TP-TDS COF (a covalent organic framework built from 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol and 3,7-diaminodibenzo[b,d]thiophene-5,5-dioxide) and NiZnCo nanoclusters embedded in an N-doped carbon matrix (NiZnCo-NC). Unlike conventional physical mixing or random loading, this approach enables molecular-level interfacial wiring between the COF and the nanoclusters. Within the ternary cocatalyst, a synergistic division of roles is inferred: Ni acts as a structural stabilizer, Zn fine-tunes the Co d-band center to optimize hydrogen adsorption, and Co serves as the active site. This architecture achieves a photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 439.8 mmol g-1 h-1 and an apparent quantum yield of 18.6% at 500 nm-competitive with the best noble-metal-free systems. This work demonstrates that molecular-level interfacial control combined with rational multi-metal synergy provides a new paradigm for efficient, earth-abundant artificial photosynthesis.
Fractures of the metacarpal shaft are common. In treating stable metacarpal fractures, conservative treatment with splint immobilization yields favorable outcomes. Complex and unstable fractures typically require surgical intervention. The objective of this study was to determine the fixation capabilities of multiple combinations of K-wires and cerclage wiring in treating oblique metacarpal shaft fractures. Vertical oblique metacarpal fractures at the midshaft of 28 artificial metacarpal bones (Sawbones, Vashon) were induced by using an electric saw. The fractured metacarpal bones were divided into 4 fixation treatment groups: Group 1 used 2 K-wires (2K), group 2 used 1 K-wire and a cerclage wire (1K&CW), group 3 used a vertical bone wire and a cerclage wire (VBW&CW), and group 4 used a lateral bone wire and a cerclage wire (LBW&CW). To measure maximum fracture force and bone stiffness, cantilever bending tests were conducted. The fixation capabilities of the 4 groups were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey test. Maximum fracture force in the LBW&CW group (mean ± standard deviation, 113.60 ± 8.66 N) considerably exceeded that in the VBW&CW group (66.51 ± 17.27 N) and that in the 1K&CW group (65.44 ± 16.59 N). The 2K group (36.10 ± 8.32 N) exhibited the weakest maximum fracture force. The ranking of the groups from highest to lowest by average stiffness was as follows: LBW&CW group (32.34 ± 4.62 N/mm), VBW&CW group (25.47 ± 5.96 N/mm), 1K&CW group (17.70 ± 6.27 N/mm), and 2K group (15.51 ± 2.48 N/mm). The LBW&CW method provides superior fixation strength to that of the other 3 methods in the fixation of midshaft vertical oblique metacarpal fractures.
<p>This case report presents a 25-year-old man who sustained a crush injury to the right lower limb at the workplace due to compression by a car wheel hub. Initial examination revealed marked swelling of the lower leg and midfoot with preserved sensation and peripheral perfusion. Radiographs demonstrated a bimalleolar ankle fracture and multiple foot fractures. Approximately 5 hours after admission, the patient developed rapidly increasing pain, pallor and cooling of the foot, absence of the dorsalis pedis pulse, decreased toe sensation, and oxygen saturation of 80%. CT angiography showed absent flow in the distal segments of the anterior tibial and fibular arteries. An urgent fasciotomy of the lower leg and dorsal foot compartments was performed ten hours after injury using the shoelace technique, resulting in immediate restoration of perfusion and foot warmth. Sixteen days later, necrotic tissue was debrided, the defect was covered with a split-thickness skin graft (Thiersch technique), and the medial malleolus was stabilized with Kirschner wires. Wound healing was uneventful, with no signs of infection. This case highlights the dynamic and potentially misleading course of acute compartment syndrome and underscores the need for frequent clinical reassessment despite an initially reassuring presentation. Prompt diagnosis and immediate complete fasciotomy prevented irreversible complications.</p>.
Gingival recession associated with excessive vestibular torque of mandibular incisors represents a significant periodontal challenge. This case report presents a non-surgical management strategy for an isolated deep recession in an adolescent patient. A 12-year-old female patient presented with severe mandibular anterior crowding and a 3 mm isolated labial gingival recession on tooth 31 (Cairo RT1/Miller Class I), secondary to severe vestibular root displacement. Treatment was carried out using a full fixed appliance (0.022-inch slot, Roth prescription) over 24 months. Individualized lingual root torque couples were progressively incorporated into 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel (SS) finishing wires to relocate the root within the alveolar housing, strictly avoiding any mucogingival surgery. Significant spontaneous coronal migration of the gingival margin was achieved, reducing the recession from 3 mm to 1 mm, without root resorption. In adolescent patients presenting with RT1 recessions secondary to crown-vestibular malposition, early non-surgical orthodontic torque correction can result in significant tissue recovery and should be considered a reliable first-line therapeutic approach.
Orthodontic treatment involves the placement of appliances such as brackets, bands, and wires that are foreign objects within the oral cavity. These appliances, combined with the long treatment duration, can pose various physical and psychological challenges for patients. Understanding these challenges and assessing patient knowledge and attitudes may facilitate targeted patient education and improve treatment compliance. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 150 patients (aged 15-30 years) undergoing active orthodontic treatment. A structured, pre-validated 20-item questionnaire assessed treatment-related challenges, knowledge, and attitudes toward orthodontic treatment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for all variables. Food lodgment (54.7%; 95% CI: 46.7%-62.6%) and pain (53.3%; 95% CI: 45.3%-61.3%) were the most frequently reported challenges. Posterior bracket breakage (73.3%) was more frequently reported than anterior bracket breakage (26.7%). The majority of patients demonstrated a positive attitude: 93.3% took extra care in brushing, 86.7% were aware of the need for retainers, and 95.3% would recommend orthodontic treatment to others. Overall treatment satisfaction was high, with 90.6% rating their experience as good or very good. Food lodgment, pain, and oral ulcers were the most prevalent challenges during orthodontic treatment. Despite these difficulties, patients displayed good knowledge and a positive attitude toward their treatment, highlighting the effectiveness of patient education and counseling.
Minimally invasive surgical treatment is increasingly favored for intra-articular displaced calcaneal fractures with a high risk of soft tissue complications. The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone in the foot and plays a critical role in weight-bearing and gait mechanics; displaced fractures often result in significant functional impairment. Sanders Type II fractures, characterized by a single major fracture line that divides the posterior articular surface into two major bone fragments, are one of the most common subtypes and present a therapeutic challenge in balancing mechanical stability with soft tissue preservation. A finite element model of Sanders Type II calcaneal fractures was established to compare five fixation methods under physiological tendon loading: (1) a periosteal locking plate, (2) four hollow screws, (3) four K-wires placed along the screw trajectory, (4) two intra-articular K-wires combined with two standard K-wires, and (5) six K-wires placed at dispersed locations. Outcome measures included maximum fragment displacement, implant-induced bone stress, and implant stress. Rigid internal fixation (hollow screws) provided the best initial stability and the least displacement of the bone fragments. A key finding was that under the most severe static loading condition (dorsiflexion with maximum Achilles tendon force), the maximum fragment displacement for all K-wire configurations (≤0.103 mm) was below both the clinically reported acceptable threshold (≤0.5 mm) and the safe healing range (<1 mm), indicating sufficient initial healing stability. Furthermore, K-wires generated significantly lower stress on the bone than the plate, while cannulated screw fixation carried the lowest risk of implant failure. Based on extended observations from clinical literature, K-wire fixation offers potential advantages including a minimally invasive approach, flexible handling, low implant burden, and the possibility of outpatient removal to avoid secondary surgery. Although rigid implants are biomechanically superior, K-wire fixation provides clinically acceptable initial stability and, combined with its minimally invasive characteristics, represents an attractive alternative. The choice of fixation method requires a comprehensive consideration of individual patient factors (such as bone quality and functional demands) and the overall treatment strategy.
Ostial stent placement invariably results in a 'miss' or 'overshoot' compromising clinico-angiographic outcomes and is largely due to the inadequate localization of the true ostium in different angiographic views. We herein describe a novel "Two - wire technique" for ostial stenting which helps precise ostial stent placement.
Elongation and loss of compression in suture, tape and cerclage materials can lead to loss of reduction and inferior clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties of novel dynamic high-strength silicone-based sutures and tapes, conventional high-strength sutures and tapes, and cerclage wires with three diameters (1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm) focusing on tensile strength and elongation in a knotless configuration. Six 360 mm long specimens from each material underwent tensile force to failure tests at 0.1 mm/s quasi-static loading in a dry environment, without knots or twists to eliminate confounding factors. Tensile strength and elongation were recorded and assessed at 90% of maximum force level. Elongation of silicone-based sutures (51.14 ± 4.32 mm) and tapes (75.32 ± 5.33 mm) was significantly greater vs. conventional sutures (20.21 ± 1.97 mm) and tapes (29.97 ± 4.56 mm), p < 0.001. Conventional tapes achieved highest tensile strength (453.06 ± 48.24 N), outperforming silicone-based tapes (300.75 ± 19.66 N), p < 0.001. Tensile strength of conventional sutures (209.55 ± 11.44 N) did not differ significantly from silicone-based sutures (185.56 ± 25.73 N), p = 0.172. Tensile strength of cerclage wires increased significantly with each successive diameter increase, p < 0.001. Elongation increased significantly between diameters of 1.0 mm (21.11 ± 2.49 mm) and 1.50 mm (32.46 ± 3.30 mm), as well as between diameters of 1.25 mm (25.82 ± 3.22 mm) and 1.50 mm (p = 0.028), with no significant increase between diameters of 1.0 mm and 1.25 mm (p = 0.081). Silicone-based materials offer greated elongation but lower tensile strength. Conventional materials demonstrate higher mechanical resistance. Larger cerclage diameters substantially increase loading capacity. Material selection should balance elasticity and mechanical strength demands based on clinical needs.
High-performance sensorless operation in multiphase electric drives requires speed estimation techniques capable of providing fast dynamic response, reduced oscillatory behavior, and low implementation complexity. In this context, a sliding-mode observer (SMO) based on an exponential reaching law (ERL) is proposed for rotor speed estimation in asymmetrical six-phase induction machines operating under indirect rotor field-oriented control. Unlike conventional SMO implementations, the proposed approach avoids auxiliary low-pass filtering (LPF) stages by employing an ERL-based adaptive gain mechanism, thereby preventing the phase delay and bandwidth reduction commonly associated with LPF-based observers. As a result, the proposed observer preserves fast transient dynamics, attenuates chattering near the sliding surface, and improves the smoothness of the estimated signals. The proposed technique is particularly suitable for multiphase drive applications, where sensorless operation reduces hardware complexity and improves system reliability by eliminating mechanical speed sensors and associated wiring. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is presented to demonstrate the convergence properties of the observer and discuss the influence of the ERL parameters on the estimation dynamics. Simulation and experimental results obtained on a real-time test bench validate the digital implementation of the proposed SMO + ERL, demonstrating improved transient tracking, smoother estimated signals, stable low-speed operation, satisfactory speed reversal performance, and effective operation under loaded conditions.
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In this study, silver-containing polydopamine (PDA-Ag) coatings with ~1-5 wt% Ag were successfully deposited on Zn wires via a mussel-inspired, immersion-assisted polymerization approach. Surface characterization confirmed the formation of a continuous, homogeneous, and well-adhered coating layer approximately 720 nm thick. XPS and EDS analyses further verified the uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles within the PDA matrix on the wire surface. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the PDA-Ag5 coating exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, as evidenced by a reduced corrosion current density and increased charge-transfer resistance. In contrast, excessive Ag incorporation adversely affected the coating's protective performance. Altogether, the results indicate that controlling Ag content plays a critical role in improving coating uniformity and enhancing the corrosion protection of biodegradable Zn wires.