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Traditionally, ecological factors have been the primary focus of species distribution studies, but recent work emphasizes the importance of rapid evolution through local adaptation. Here, we focus on adaptation to temperatures along an environmental gradient, which is an important challenge populations face today. Thermal adaptation may be affected by the underlying thermodynamics of protein reactions. Understanding and modelling the thermodynamic constraints on thermal adaptation is likely essential for more nuanced predictions of climate change impacts. By integrating molecular mechanisms and population dynamics in a unified modelling framework, we here study how temperature-dependent processes at the protein level influence the macroecological patterns of range expansions. Our results highlight the importance of microscopic processes underlying thermal adaptation for capturing the evolutionary ecology of range expansions. Specifically, the molecular bases of thermal adaptation define how and how fast thermal performance can evolve, which determines range expansion speeds. In general, our framework predicts that adaptation to warmer temperatures will be easier than adaptation to cold temperatures. Our study underscores the necessity for more interdisciplinary work, combining molecular mechanisms with population dynamics in space in order to improve climate change modelling, enhance prediction accuracy and provide better information for management and conservation of natural populations.

The children of today are growing up in an environment characterised by accelerated climate change and air pollution. Few studies have examined the effects of these phenomena on childhood respiratory and allergic diseases in tropical countries, hence we aim to bridge this research gap. We ascertained the first occurrence of eczema, wheeze and bronchiolitis in 1124 mother-child pairs in GUSTO, a prospective birth cohort from tropical Singapore. We assigned daily measures of meteorological conditions and outdoor air quality exposures averaged over each month from 2009 to 2019 based on participant's residential address, spanning the in utero period to eight years of age. We applied adjusted Poisson regression to examine the associations between these exposures with the time to first onset of childhood disease. Higher absolute humidity (per 1 g/m3 increase) was associated with a trend of lower risk of eczema [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.958 (95% CI: 0.883-1.041)], wheeze [HR: 0.927 (0.855-1.006)] and bronchiolitis [HR: 0.929 (0.852-1.014)]. Family history of allergy was significantly associated with these illnesses [Eczema HR: 2.206 (95% CI: 1.638-2.971), wheeze: 2.308 (1.684-3.163) and bronchiolitis: 1.923 (1.420-2.606)]. Males/boys had a significantly higher risk of eczema compared to females/girls. Maternal age and parity were associated with the higher [HR: 1.031 (1.003-1.060)] and lower [HR: 0.698 (0.590-0.825)] risk of eczema respectively. There was a positive association between ozone exposure and the risk of bronchiolitis in males/boys [HR: 1.168 (1.020-1.336)] but not in females/girls, suggesting effect modification by sex (p = 0.024). Our findings demonstrated that while genetic predisposition remains as the primary driver of childhood respiratory and allergic diseases, the environment also plays a subtle but essential role in shaping these outcomes. Not applicable.

Climate change is already disrupting healthcare delivery with perioperative medicine, particularly pediatric anesthesia, being both highly exposed to climate-related shocks and a major contributor to healthcare-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). This review examines how mitigation and resilience strategies can be integrated into pediatric anesthetic practice. Sustainability measures in pediatric anesthesia are currently actionable and clinically beneficial. Reducing the use of volatile anesthetics through low-flow techniques, avoiding N2O or desflurane, and increasing the adoption of total intravenous anesthesia lead to substantial reductions in GHG and are associated with better clinical outcomes. EEG-guided anesthesia further reduces unnecessary exposure to anesthetics and improves recovery profiles. The use of reusable warming drapes or the implementation of 10R policies can markedly reduce our footprint without compromising the quality of care. Sustainable pediatric anesthesia is achievable today and aligns with improved clinical outcomes. Translating evidence into routine practice remains a challenge. Patient safety primacy or entrenched clinical habits continue to slow the adoption of sustainable practices, even when supported by robust data. Success will depend on reframing sustainability as a core component of quality and safety, embedding it within guidelines and audit structures, and supporting clinicians, thereby enabling durable behavior change.

For 10 years, "The Real Cost" has adapted to changing youth media use, with today's strategy focused on digital and social media. This study explores media platform use among "The Real Cost" Youth E-Cigarette Prevention Campaign audience, including audience segment differences and the relationship between platform use and campaign awareness. Data were from 2 waves of the campaign evaluation: baseline (n=5,257), collected in 2023, and first follow-up (n=4,067), collected in 2024 (data were analyzed in 2024 and 2025). The sample includes U.S. youth aged 11-17 years at baseline. Descriptive analyses explored the patterns of individual digital and social media platform use (e.g., YouTube, Instagram). Weighted bivariate analyses and chi-squares explored subgroup differences in platform use. Multivariable regressions were run for media use indices (any use, heavy use, frequency of use) with (1) demographic and tobacco use characteristics as independent variables and (2) campaign E-cigarette ad awareness (any awareness, frequency of awareness) as dependent variables. Almost all youth reported multiple platform use. The most commonly used platforms were also used most heavily. Older youth, youth reporting psychological distress, and youth who ever or currently used E-cigarettes had higher use (all media use indices) than referent groups. All indices were positively associated with any campaign ad awareness. Certain audience segments, including older youth and youth reporting E-cigarette use, consumed more media, suggesting ample opportunities to reach these segments efficiently. Airing the campaign on various media platforms reaches teens on the digital and social platforms where they spend time.

Adolescence and early adulthood are crucial periods marked by identity formation and increased vulnerability to mental health issues, with most mental disorders beginning before the age of 25. Today's youth face amplified risks during a period characterized by multiple societal crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change and economic instability, potentially disrupting age-typical developmental tasks and contributing to rising rates of anxiety and depression. This study aimed to investigate longitudinal patterns of anxiety and depression symptoms across four generational cohorts. This study drew on data from the German subsample of the ongoing "SOSEC - Social Sentiment in Times of Crises" project. In total, 25,143 individuals contributed 112,858 survey entries, responding to items on depression and anxiety symptoms based on modified versions of the PHQ-9 and GAD-2. Generational groups were defined based on year of birth (Generation Z: 1995-2007; Generation Y: 1980-1994; Generation X: 1965-1979; Baby Boomers/Traditionalists: 1925-1964). Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations of generation, survey period, gender and employment status with reported symptom levels, including interaction terms and post-hoc comparisons. On average, Generation Z reported higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to older generations across all survey periods (all p&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). Women reported higher symptom levels than men and employment was associated to lower symptom levels. The findings indicate persistently elevated levels of self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms among younger respondents, particularly Generation Z. Associations with employment suggest potential avenues for targeted prevention. Cautious interpretation is warranted, given the observational design and potential confounding factors. These results highlight the importance of monitoring mental health trajectories in young populations during periods of societal stress.

In the intensive care unit (ICU), antibiotics often begin under extreme uncertainty. Fever, leukocytosis, hypotension, and organ dysfunction may signal bacterial infection, but the same findings are common with aspiration, post-operative inflammation, drug reactions, or sterile systemic inflammation. Cultures take time and their yield falls after antibiotics. Rapid molecular tests and metagenomics can add actionable information, but they also raise the burden of interpreting complex results. Microscopy is one of the few inputs that can shift management within minutes to hours: Gram-stain patterns from positive blood-culture bottles, respiratory specimens, cerebrospinal fluid, and wound material can reshape initial coverage and support early de-escalation when negative. Tissue and cytology help distinguish invasion from key mimics. The gap is consistency-reads vary across observers, workflows differ, and results do not always translate into reliable bedside actions. This review focuses on infectious-disease artificial intelligence (AI) as ICU bedside decision support, rather than as a survey of models. Using ICU sepsis as the primary use case-and neurocritical care as a challenging setting where sedation, brain injury, and noninfectious inflammation often mimic infection-we separate evidence into pathogen signals and host-response signals. We then map both streams to six decisions over the first 72 hours: start now versus pause, choose initial spectrum, reassess and narrow, escalate diagnostics and source control, act on high-risk resistance or invasive pathogens, and stop safely. We summarize where AI is most credible today (Gram-stain assistance, culture-plate triage, urine-culture screening, infection-focused digital pathology, host-response classifiers, and selected metagenomics) and what makes outputs actionable: calibrated probabilities, explicit confidence with safe deferral when uncertain, validation across hospitals and instruments, and endpoints tied to stewardship and safety (time to appropriate therapy, antibiotic days, de-escalation within 72 hours, missed bacteremia). Evidence was updated through February 28, 2026.

Mechanical restoration devices such as the Myosplint&#xae; were developed in the early 2000s to reshape left ventricular geometry and delay disease progression in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Despite initial safety and feasibility, long-term clinical efficacy remained limited. Today, patients with prior Myosplint&#xae; implantation may still present with end-stage heart failure requiring long-term mechanical circulatory support. However, device removal during HeartMate 3&#x2122; LVAD implantation may pose technical challenges due to altered myocardial anatomy. We report the case of a 65-year-old male with combined dilated and ischaemic cardiomyopathy and severe mitral valve regurgitation who had received two Myosplint&#xae; devices and mitral valve annuloplasty in 2001. After progressive decline in cardiac function, HeartMate 3&#x2122; LVAD implantation was indicated. During surgery, the Myosplint&#xae; tendons were clearly visible through the apical coring site and were transected close to their insertion points without complication. The epicardial buttons were left in situ. Mitral valve replacement was not performed, as significant reduction in regurgitation was expected through adequate LV unloading alone. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and follow-up echocardiography confirmed only mild residual mitral insufficiency. Our case highlights a safe and straightforward technique for Myosplint&#xae; tendon management during HeartMate 3&#x2122; LVAD implantation. It also supports a conservative approach to mitral valve intervention in select cases, suggesting that adequate LV unloading alone may suffice to reduce regurgitation. This experience provides guidance for surgeons managing patients with prior mechanical restoration devices undergoing LVAD implantation.

In the 19th century, human anatomy was badly taught, in poorly suited run-down premises, by teachers with very uneven levels of knowledge. Louis Hubert Farabeuf came from a poor family, and abandoned his ambition to train as a surgeon, due to poor health. He turned his focus to anatomy, and had modern premises constructed in the Paris Medical School. He also set out the operating rules of anatomy labs that have come down to us today. He was a brilliant anatomist and an exceptional teacher of operative medicine, wrote several books and developed several surgical instruments that are still in use. His career was no bed of roses, but distinctly thorny&#xa0;-&#xa0;which by no means prevented his legacy from enduring.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical medicine presents a persistent paradox: diagnostic models routinely demonstrate benchmark superiority over human experts, yet bedside adoption remains fragile, and clinician trust is low. Conventional forecasting approaches-projecting model performance along optimistic trend lines-are epistemologically insufficient because they cannot account for the nonlinear sociotechnical transitions that separate technical capability from institutional trust. This Viewpoint applies backcasting, a normative futures methodology with a 4-decade evidence base in energy policy and public governance, to the specific challenge of clinician adoption of AI diagnostics, with the aim of identifying the structural interventions required to achieve durable trust by 2040. Consistent with the tradition of single-expert normative foresight analysis, we applied backcasting as a structured reasoning framework using a STEEP (social, technological, economic, environmental, and political) analysis. Sources from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, and policy repositories (the US Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, and European Commission) published between 2010 and 2025 were reviewed; barriers and enablers were coded across STEEP dimensions to identify pivot points representing convergent, time-bound structural changes. Working backward from a defined 2040 vision state-a health care ecosystem with risk-stratified clinician trust thresholds, semantic transparency of AI outputs, integrated AI governance, and futures literacy in medical education-we identified three temporal pivot points: (1) the 2030 standardization of dual-process AI architectures, in which large language models are verified in real time by locally deployed small language models, producing a calibrated confidence score; (2) the 2035 institutionalization of agentic AI orchestration governed by a formally designated chief AI officer; and (3) the 2040 integration of futures literacy and human-AI teaming competencies into standard medical curricula. The AI trust gap is an institutional design problem, not a technical inevitability. Backcasting reframes the central question from "when will AI be ready for medicine?" to "what must we build to make medicine ready for AI?" The 3 pivot points identified here-verifiable AI by 2030, agentic governance by 2035, and futures literacy by 2040-are structural commitments that clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers can begin building today.

In recent years, biodiversity data management has emerged as a critical pillar in global conservation efforts. Today, the ability to efficiently collect, structure, and analyze biodiversity data is central to breakthroughs in conservation, drug development, disease monitoring, ecological forecasting, and agri-tech innovation. However, due to the vastness and heterogeneity of biodiversity data, it is often confined to databases for specific research areas in isolated formats and disconnected from other relevant resources. Crucial components of such data in kingdom Plantae comprise of metabolomes-the vast array of compounds produced by plants; traits-measurable characteristics of plants that influence their growth, survival, and reproduction, and that affect ecosystem processes; and biotic interactions-relationships of plants with other living organisms, affecting the ecosystem functions. In this work, we present METRIN-KG (MEtabolomes, TRaits, and INteractions-Knowledge Graph) a powerful data resource simplifying the integration of diverse and heterogeneous data resources such as plant metabolomes, traits, and biotic interactions. The proposed knowledge graph provides an interface to interactively search for data relating plant metabolomes, traits, and interactions. This, in turn, will facilitate development of research questions in life-sciences. In this context, we provide representative case studies on how to frame queries that can be used to search for relevant data in the knowledge graph.

The outbreak of infectious diseases remains a serious public health problem in today's society,and emergency vaccination stands as a pivotal public health intervention for responding to the tricky situation and reducing the impact of public health emergencies. This review systematically examines vaccine emergency vaccination policies and expert recommendations from both domestic and international sources, revealing a current lack of standardized reference criteria and evidence-based implementation guidelines regarding optimal timing and specific intervention measures. It is imperative to develop a scientific evaluation system for emergency vaccination initiation and establish global standardization frameworks. In order to successfully curb the spread of infectious diseases, a high coverage rate of emergency vaccination is a guarantee. Increasing vaccine accessibility through cross-departmental collaboration and flexible allocation of existing resources, while scientifically and reasonably allocating the sequence, are both important steps in smoothly implementing emergency vaccination. Reasonable evaluation of the efficacy of established vaccines can provide a reference for their subsequent application. This review also focuses on the numerous challenges faced by vaccines against emerging infectious diseases since their development. The rapid mutation of pathogens makes the task, which already lacks sufficient research and development time, even more urgent. Emergency Use Authorization and rapid review procedures have emerged as a result. Many countries have established regulations governing relevant procedures and post-implementation management of emergency vaccination, which specify conditions, processes, timelines, and oversight requirements. Vaccine hesitancy poses particular challenges for the rollout of newly developed vaccines. Community participation, enhancing public confidence, and solution to "infodemic" provide new solutions to the previous problem. The continuous innovation of vaccine technology and increasingly sophisticated monitoring methods are expected to further improve vaccine safety. This review aims to provide both theoretical foundations and inspired experience for optimizing global emergency vaccination, thereby enabling more efficient and effective public health responses to future epidemics.

1953 was a watershed year in the history of science, indelibly linked to the discovery of DNA's double-helix structure by James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin. However, this landmark achievement has often eclipsed the rapid succession of discoveries that followed in its wake, findings that collectively revealed the remarkable structural plasticity of DNA. These early insights, though initially overshadowed, have since re-emerged as cornerstones in the study of alternative DNA structures, notably G-quadruplexes (G4s), which today are not only studied for understanding the roles they play in cellular processes but also hold promise as targets for therapeutic interventions. By revisiting these foundational discoveries-notably the discovery of the many forms of DNA including A-DNA, B-DNA, G4, i-motif, R-loop, triplex-DNA, Z-DNA, 3WJ, and 4WJ-we not only gain a deeper appreciation of their historical significance but also recognize how, in just a few decades, they laid the groundwork for modern nucleic acid research and its far-reaching applications.

Fifty years ago, Werner Irnich presented the concept of an optimal pacemaker capable of responding appropriately to various cardiac arrhythmias and perceptual disturbances, and intended to be used in 85% of patients. With this concept, Irnich was far ahead of his time. His proposed circuitry for AV block and atrial fibrillation, as well as his suggestions for antitachycardia pacing and interference detection, were visionary. In the field of rate-adaptive pacing, he introduced AV-time control, the first closed-loop system. Werner Irnich represents the close connection between engineers and physicians in the field of cardiac electrotherapy. His theoretical work on the chronaxie rheobase and the electrode surface, confirmed by experimental data, still forms the basis of modern electrical stimulation today. The most extensive data on the interference immunity of electronic implants comes from his laboratory. In addition to his membership in numerous scientific societies, Werner Irnich served as Senior Editor of the international journal Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology (PACE) from 1978 to 2013. He passed away on December 2, 2023, at the age of 89, leaving behind his wife Hanni, five children, and twelve grandchildren. We will always remember him with gratitude and deep appreciation for his contributions to cardiac electrostimulation.

Founded in 1983 in Paris by Professor R. Modigliani, the Groupe d'ETude des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID) was established to develop collaborative clinical research on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This was innovative 40&#x2009;years ago and remains challenging today. From the beginning, this multicenter group has aimed to address clinical questions arising from patients, physicians, and the IBD community by conducting clinical research on treatments through randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, index creation, and observational studies. GETAID has advanced IBD knowledge by publishing over 140 original articles in peer-reviewed journals. This review explores the history of the GETAID, how it functions, and its contribution to IBD knowledge over the past four decades. It illustrates the disruptive and innovative academic research conducted by an independent group of researchers and its potential future impact through examples.

Animal models are crucial for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development of human diseases. At present, the etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a chronic disease of the urinary bladder, remains undefined. Therefore, numerous theories of pathogenesis have been proposed, and various animal models have been developed based on these theories. This enigmatic human disease can be categorized into two subtypes: Hunner-type IC (HIC) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS). These two subtypes of IC/BPS have different pathological mechanisms, but their clinical symptoms overlap. Recent evidence indicates that HIC is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder, while BPS is a minimally inflamed bladder condition comprising various clinical phenotypes. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that autoimmunity may play a significant role in IC/BPS, particularly in HIC. Today, the rodent models of experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) are being used in HIC research. This article provides an overview of immune-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity in IC/BPS, as well as EAC models that can be used for HIC research, with a focus on the URO-OVA model, a novel transgenic EAC model that effectively mimics HIC. The URO-OVA model develops chronic bladder inflammation, pelvic/bladder pain, and voiding dysfunction seen in human HIC patients. It responds to treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and specific inhibitors, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR)4, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and interferon (IFN)-&#x3b3; inhibitors. The URO-OVA model is stable and reproducible, providing a unique EAC model for HIC research that incorporates immune/autoimmune components in its pathophysiology.

Effective weed management remains a crucial concern in agriculture. The quest for alternatives to conventional herbicides, driven by limitations and drawbacks, presents a challenge today in terms of efficacy, costs, safety, and weed resistance. Accordingly, new strategies of integrating multiple approaches are emerging. Within this landscape, the utilization of bioherbicides, sourced from microorganisms or plants, holds a prominent place. This perspective paper proposes and discusses the potential of an innovative approach that combines live microorganisms and botanical components in synbiotic formulations to develop the next generation of bioherbicides as a promising solution for sustainable weed management. Their mixture may provide superior efficacy than when each is used individually, due to synergistic interactions arising from complementary and/or cooperative effects. It also addresses strategy design, formulation, and product control while presenting the challenges and potential risks of such concept.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations used today often rely on the consideration of binary sex. Significant intrasex variability and a lack of data on diverse populations raise concerns about these equations' validity and generalizability. Existing systematic reviews have focused on specific populations like individuals with obesity or athletes, but none have systematically examined the demographic characteristics of participants used to derive these equations. Our central hypothesis is that the accuracy of RMR prediction is influenced by the demographic alignment between the equation's derivation population and the individual. We present a systematic review protocol to critically evaluate the literature and participant demographic profiles that underpin current RMR prediction equations. Our objectives are to (1) determine the characteristics of participant populations, including reporting on gender and sex diversity, used in RMR equation research; (2) critically appraise the methodologies, findings, and reporting practices of studies that developed RMR equations for binary populations; and (3) use the Sex and Gender Equity in Research guidelines to assess sex and gender terminology and variable inclusion in the generative RMR prediction literature. Following a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD420251084400), we will conduct a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including Academic Search Premier, PubMed, and Web of Science. The final search string will be: ((resting metab* rate) OR (RMR) OR (basal metab* rate) OR (BMR) OR (metabol*) OR (resting energy expenditure) OR (metab* rate)) AND ((predict* equation) OR (predict* model) OR (predict* algorithm) OR (formula) OR (estimation equation)) AND ((demograph*) OR (characterist*) OR (age) OR (race) OR (ethnicity) OR (sex) OR (gender)). We will include peer-reviewed, English-language articles reporting studies that generated RMR prediction equations and reported human participant demographic characteristics. Exclusion criteria include studies not generating prediction equations, without demographic data, or involving animals. Data extraction will include reported participant demographics (eg, sex, gender, race or ethnicity, age, and body composition), RMR test protocols, and reported reliability or validity metrics. Risk of bias will be assessed using PROBAST (Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool). This study was funded in June 2025 by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas Sports Innovation Initiative Catalyst Grant Funding Program and in July 2025 by the National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education Hellison Interdisciplinary Research Grant. The databases were searched using the final search string between August 1, 2025, and August 8, 2025. Training of team members began on September 3, 2025, and concluded on October 20, 2025. Findings will be disseminated through a narrative synthesis submitted for publication, adhering to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. This review will identify gaps in the inclusivity and generalizability of current RMR prediction equations, informing future research and clinical applications. PROSPERO CRD420251084400; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251084400. PRR1-10.2196/82482.

As causes for the increasing incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) during the past 20&#xa0;years, primarily demographic changes and the increasing incidence of myopia and cataract surgery, especially in younger patients, are considered. The aim of this study was to create an inventory of cases of RD treated at the Kiel University Eye Clinic before the era of pseudophakia and vitrectomy. Archival patient records of the Kiel University Eye Clinic for 1914, 1939/40, 1956/57, and 1967 were reviewed, and the identified cases of nontraumatic RD were analyzed. In 1914, three documented cases of RD were found, but there was no documented surgery. Between 1939 and 1967, the number of documented RD cases increased (from 2% to 6.3%), as did the percentage of successfully operated patients (from 44.4% to 70.6%). For the year 1967, the mean age of the patients was 60.12&#xa0;years, which aligns with published data for the period from 2005 to 2019. Concerning the main catchment area of Kiel University Eye Clinic, an incidence of 5.78 cases of RD per 100,000 persons years was found. Upon discharge from the hospital after RD surgery, visual acuity (VA) was measured as follows: 27.3% of patients had a&#xa0;VA of 1/50 or less, 55.3% had a&#xa0;VA between >&#x202f;1/50 and 0.33, 8.7% had a&#xa0;VA between >&#x202f;0.33 and 0.7, and 8.7% had a&#xa0;VA greater than&#xa0;0.7. This medicohistorical study shows an incidence of inpatient RD prior to 1970 which corresponds to that found in the literature for the 1970s. As the medical, demographic, and sociological circumstances existing in 1970 are not comparable to those of the present, the number of undocumented cases of RD in 1970 is considered to be higher than is it today; therefore, only limited conclusions can be drawn regarding the overall incidence of RD at that time and regarding the question of whether RD has increased over time. Nevertheless, this study depicts the development of diagnosis and treatment of RD at the Kiel University Eye Clinic until the end of the 1960s, supplemented by aspects of medical sociology. HINTERGRUND: Als Ursachen f&#xfc;r die Zunahme der rhegmatogenen Netzhautabl&#xf6;sung (RD) in den letzten 20&#xa0;Jahren werden vor allem der demografische Wandel, die Zunahme der Myopie sowie die Zunahme der Katarakt-Operationen, vor allem im j&#xfc;ngeren Lebensalter, erachtet. Das Ziel der Arbeit war, f&#xfc;r die Universit&#xe4;ts-Augenklinik Kiel eine Bestandsaufnahme der H&#xe4;ufigkeit der station&#xe4;r aufgenommenen/behandelten RD in der Zeit vor der &#xc4;ra der Intraokularlinse und der Vitrektomie zu erstellen. Alte Krankenakten der Universit&#xe4;ts-Augenklinik Kiel aus den Jahren 1914, 1939/40, 1956/57 und 1967 wurden gesichtet und die F&#xe4;lle von RD ohne ein Trauma in der Anamnese ausgewertet. F&#xfc;r 1914 wurden 3&#xa0;dokumentierte F&#xe4;lle von RD gefunden, aber keine dokumentierte operative Behandlung. Von 1939 bis 1967 stiegen sowohl die Anzahl der dokumentierten F&#xe4;lle von RD (von 2&#x202f;% auf 6,3&#x202f;%), als auch der prozentuale Anteil der erfolgreich operierten F&#xe4;lle von RD (von 44,4&#x202f;% auf 70,6&#x202f;%) an. F&#xfc;r das Jahr 1967 wurde ermittelt: Das mittlere Alter der Patienten betrug f&#xfc;r 1967 60,12 Jahre, ein Wert, der den f&#xfc;r die Jahre 2005 bis 2019 ver&#xf6;ffentlichten Daten entspricht. F&#xfc;r den Haupteinzugsbereich der Universit&#xe4;ts-Augenklinik Kiel wurde eine Inzidenz von 5,78 F&#xe4;llen einer RD auf 100.000 Personenjahre errechnet. Zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung aus station&#xe4;rer Behandlung betrug der Visus bei 27,3&#x202f;% der operierten RD-Patienten maximal 1/50, bei 55,3&#x202f;% >&#x202f;1/50&#x2013;0,33, bei 8,7&#x202f;% >&#x202f;0,33&#x2013;0,7 und bei 8,7&#x202f;% >&#x202f;0,7. Diese medizinhistorische Bestandsaufnahme zeigt f&#xfc;r die Zeit vor 1970 f&#xfc;r die F&#xe4;lle von RD, die zur station&#xe4;ren Aufnahme kamen, eine Inzidenz, die den in der Literatur f&#xfc;r die 1970er-Jahre gefundenen Werten entspricht. Da die medizinischen, demografischen und auch soziologischen Bedingungen der Zeit vor 1970 nicht mit den heutigen vergleichbar sind, ist damit zu rechnen, dass die &#x201e;Dunkelziffer&#x201c; nicht erfasster F&#xe4;lle von RD 1970 gr&#xf6;&#xdf;er gewesen sein d&#xfc;rfte als heutzutage. Somit lassen diese Daten nur sehr begrenzt R&#xfc;ckschl&#xfc;sse auf die Gesamt-Inzidenz der RD zu dieser Zeit zu und lassen sich nur bedingt zur Beantwortung der Frage der Zunahme der RD heranziehen. Aus diesem Grund ist diese Studie in erster Linie als eine Bestandsaufnahme der Entwicklung der Diagnose und Therapie der RD in der Universit&#xe4;ts-Augenklinik Kiel bis zum Ende der 1960er-Jahre zu sehen, erg&#xe4;nzt durch medizinsoziologische Daten.

In both the U.S. and Wisconsin, Black women and infants experience significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality than their white counterparts. Our research team set out to explore how a community-based and culturally informed perinatal support model could address the needs of Black mothers and their families. We developed and implemented the Today Not Tomorrow Pregnancy and Infant Support Program (TNT-PISP), a community-based, culturally informed perinatal support model integrated with traditional obstetrical care. From October 2019 to August 2022, we held monthly support group sessions facilitated by Black community-based doulas, Black physicians, and community partners. Twenty-five participants engaged in topic-focused and freeform sessions to discuss mental health, breastfeeding, peripartum care, and medical racism. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups and analyzed using the Daughtering Method and reflexive thematic analysis. Participants emphasized the importance of shared Black identity and culture in fostering connection and trust. The group's open, judgment-free environment allowed for meaningful conversations and emotional support. Participants valued the exchange of parenting knowledge and community resources. The program's flexible structure and child-friendly setting were key strengths, enabling consistent participation despite busy schedules. This study highlights the potential of community-based, culturally informed perinatal support programs to promote health equity for Black women and infants. Future research should explore such programs' long-term impacts and scalability in diverse settings. Continued efforts to integrate culturally relevant care models into traditional healthcare systems may help promote health inequities in Black communities.