Humans are endowed with a powerful capacity for inductive and deductive logical thought: we easily form generalizations based on a few examples and draw conclusions from known premises. Humans also arguably have the most sophisticated communication system in the animal kingdom: natural language allows us to express complex and structured meanings. Some have therefore argued for a tight relationship between complex thought and language, postulating that reasoning, including logical reasoning, relies on linguistic representations. We systematically investigated the relationship between logical reasoning and language using two complementary approaches. First, we used noninvasive brain imaging (fMRI) to examine neural activity as healthy adults engaged in logical reasoning tasks. And second, we behaviorally evaluated logical abilities in individuals with extensive lesions to the language brain areas and consequent severe linguistic impairment. Our findings reveal that the language brain network is not engaged during logical reasoning, and patients with severe aphasia exhibit intact performance on logic tasks. Instead, inductive reasoning recruits the domain-general multiple demand network implicated broadly in goal-directed behaviors, whereas deductive reasoning draws on brain regions that are distinct from both the language and the multiple demand networks. Together, these results indicate that linguistic representations are neither utilized nor required for inductive or deductive logical reasoning.
Research on biological mechanisms and disease processes is limited by fragmented findings across unstructured text in publications. Question answering and hypothesis generation that can reason across multiple sources can overcome this limitation. However, Large language models (LLMs) are prone to inaccuracies and lack clear provenance to primary evidence. Retrieval augmented generation approaches that have provenance to the original source of evidence address these shortcomings. However, the response richness is dependent on the retrieval process design. Current approaches often fail to produce responses requiring multi-hop reasoning across multiple domains. To address this, we propose eGoT, which combines automated knowledge graph construction from biomedical literature with a novel graph-of-thoughts approach to query the knowledge base and construct comprehensive responses to natural language questions. Given a corpus of documents, eGoT first uses an LLM-based pipeline to identify and normalize entities and relationships and constructs graph and vector databases. Given an input question, eGoT performs multi-round LLM-based querying of the databases to construct a response. Benchmarking on datasets like MultiHopRAG, HotpotQA, and Ultradomain demonstrates eGoT's superiority over state-of-the-art retrieval methods, including HopRAG, SireRAG, HiRAG, and HippoRAG. We demonstrate eGoT on two biomedical use cases: (i) generate responses to domain expert-curated questions on small cell lung cancer using 1046 PubMed Central publications, and (ii) demonstrate eGoT's ability to find plausible connections between Lupus and climate factors (UV exposure) that affect disease trajectory. https://github.com/NNeuralDynamics/eGOT.git.
The Life Force community paediatric palliative care team offers support to children and young people with complex health needs and their families. The team supports them during their end-of life period, as well as bereavement support after a child has died. This article discusses the development of Memory Days, a yearly event where a child or young person cared for by the team is remembered by their family. The article describes how these Memory Days are set up and facilitated and describes three of the specific memory activities the team has offered. These creative activities are completed in a group setting which affords families who can feel isolated through grief, the opportunity to connect with others and find solidarity. One of the families describes what the days mean to them. Memory Days are special events to remember children that have died. This paper describes how they were set up for a service in London that offers care to children with life-threatening conditions and their families. It talks about the rationale for these events and the background theory, as well as the process of running the events. The paper includes the views of a family who have attended the events.
Autistic children exhibit developmental differences in theory of mind (ToM), which is associated with social impairment. While numerous interventions have targeted other ToM precursor skills, few studies have explored the effect of visual perspective taking (VPT) training on ToM. The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of VPT training on ToM in autistic children. Sixty-six autistic children were initially recruited and randomly assigned to three groups. Forty-eight children (mean age = 5.75 years) completed the study and were included in the final analyses, comprising the VPT training group (n = 16), thought-bubble training group (n = 16), and control group (n = 16). Each training comprised 12 sessions of 30 min. Both the VPT and thought-bubble training groups demonstrated significant improvements in VPT and ToM compared to the control group. The present study is the first to directly examine the effectiveness of VPT training using table blocks in enhancing ToM performance in autistic children, thereby providing a novel approach for ToM development.
Many cancer survivors experience long-term cancer-related psychosocial effects like anxiety, depression, and isolation, yet their ongoing needs for effective supportive care are frequently unmet. Songwriting during music therapy sessions can help cancer survivors process and communicate their thoughts and feelings about their needs and challenges. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to analyze songs written by cancer survivors with elevated anxiety as part of their participation in a randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing anxiety. We performed a reflexive thematic analysis of 26 songs to explore the needs and challenges cancer survivors expressed in them. We used clinical session information to supplement our interpretation of the song lyrics. Through our analysis, we generated four themes: (1) the need to use time wisely, (2) personal influences on coping, (3) the need to feel others' support, and (4) existential needs. Connections between the themes and categories highlighted how coping with one challenge typically activated another, often impacting participants' relationships. Our results suggest that songwriting helped participants process and communicate a range of needs and challenges, including those regarding self-concept, relationships, and existential concerns. Better understanding and communicating these needs may enable participants to address challenges and meet their needs more effectively. Findings suggest that cancer survivors who are experiencing anxiety may find that songwriting with a music therapist helps them understand, work through, and share thoughts and feelings about their needs with others.
Language is thought to have multiple sensitive periods in early childhood, but the neural basis of these sensitive periods is less understood. We leverage advances in in-vivo neuroimaging of plasticity, measuring the neural inhibition across the brain via Hurst exponent. Using two large datasets with children ages 10 months to 18 years (Baby Connectome Project: 10m-3y6m, 458 observations across n = 222 children; Human Connectome Project-Development: 5-18y, n = 437), we characterize the development of the Hurst exponent in language-related brain regions. In early childhood, Hurst increases in temporal and frontal language areas, and posterior regions develop earlier than anterior regions. In contrast, thalamic Hurst plateaus earlier, perhaps underlying the earliest language-related sensitive periods. Children with higher language-related skills show slower increases in cortical Hurst in early childhood, suggesting protracted plasticity. Later in childhood, cortical Hurst plateaus around age 9, suggesting a potential neural mechanism for age-related declines syntax learning. These results highlight a potential neural basis for cascading language-related sensitive periods.
The genus Turnicola Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1938a is redescribed and illustrated in detail for the first time, together with specimens here regarded as the type species of this genus, Lipeurus angustissimus Giebel, 1866. As the type series of this species has been lost, we here designate a neotype for L. angustissimus from specimens collected from the type host in Guangdong, China. Specimens from two different host species have the same COI genotype, indicating that Turnicola angustissimus is more widely distributed than previously thought. Differences in the louse prevalences between the two host species suggest that some, yet unknown, ecological factors may impact their louse communities.
Frontoparietal connector hubs are thought to support information integration across the brain, but this role has largely been inferred from static connectivity, leaving unclear how computational processes shape inter-regional connectivity during behavior. Here, we address this question using a model-based functional connectivity approach in human fMRI data. Thirty-Eight participants (males and females) performed a task requiring the integration of sensory evidence with an internally maintained state belief to guide behavior. We developed a computational model that combines these information sources into an integrated representation and generates distinct variables at successive stages of integration: uncertainty before choice (entropy), the inferred task representation guiding action (task belief), and feedback (uncertainty-weighted error). We then tested how these variables modulate the connectivity of frontoparietal connector hubs. Entropy increased coupling between hubs and regions encoding task-relevant inputs and outputs during cue processing, suggesting enhanced communication under uncertainty. During task selection, task belief selectively modulated hub connectivity with motor regions according to the selected task. During feedback, uncertainty-weighted errors increased coupling with regions supporting task-relevant inputs and internal state, as well as task output (motor) regions, suggesting increased interactions with representations relevant for task performance following feedback. Together, our findings show that frontoparietal connector hubs implement integrative control by using an integrated representation to generate distinct computational signals that selectively and dynamically reconfigure inter-regional communication.Significance Statement Flexible behavior depends on combining different kinds of information, but how the brain coordinates this integration remains unclear. The frontoparietal cortex is well positioned to support this process because it is broadly connected with many other systems. Here, we combined a computational model with functional MRI to test how integrating information changes patterns of functional connectivity. We find that a common set of signals is associated with dissociable changes in how frontoparietal regions couple with systems involved in perception, action, and internal updating. These findings reveal that integration generates multiple control signals that dynamically reconfigure brain-wide interactions to support goal-directed behavior.
The diagnosis of depression may be challenging in older adults with dementia because of atypical symptoms and overlap with other comorbidities. While the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) is the gold standard for screening, the Saint Louis University-Appetite, Mood, Sleep, Activity, and Thoughts of Death (SLU-AMSAD), another brief screening tool designed to assess late-life depression, seems to be more practical than the CSDD, with a shorter test duration. Cross-sectional validation study. In this study, conducted at a geriatric outpatient clinic, a total of 111 patients with dementia were enrolled, and both depression and dementia were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. The SLU-AMSAD was administered to both patients and caregivers, along with the CSDD. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the SLU-AMSAD and CSDD. The diagnostic accuracy of the SLU-AMSAD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis, with the area under the curve (AUC). Caregiver-reported SLU-AMSAD scores demonstrated a strong correlation with CSDD (r = 0.875; P < .001), whereas patient-reported SLU-AMSAD scores exhibited a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.384; P < .001). With an optimal cutoff of ≥3, diagnostic performance was substantially stronger for the caregiver-reported SLU-AMSAD-achieving 95.3% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity (AUC, 0.984; 95% CI, 0.965-1.000; P < .001)-whereas the patient-reported SLU-AMSAD yielded a sensitivity of 59.4% and a specificity of 83% (AUC, 0.731; 95% CI, 0.638-0.823; P < .001). The SLU-AMSAD is a valid and practical screening tool for depression in older adults with dementia. Given the shorter duration and strong caregiver-reported performance, it should be integrated into clinical dementia assessment, facilitating early detection and intervention for depression in such a vulnerable patient group.
Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in industrial applications, they encounter significant hurdles in vertical scenarios like elevator maintenance, including hallucinations, lack of domain specificity, and an inability to interpret numerical physical states. To bridge this semantic-physical gap, this paper proposes a Unified Style-Aware Chain-of-Thought (SA-CoT) framework tailored for Small Language Models (SLMs). The novelty of our approach lies in two aspects: first, we construct a robust instruction dataset using a style-aware augmentation strategy to simulate diverse real-world user behaviors and noise; second, we innovate by textualizing raw sensor data, enabling the fine-tuned 4B-parameter SLM to generate high-dimensional embeddings for downstream numerical analysis. Experiments demonstrate a dual breakthrough: in generative diagnosis, the SA-CoT framework consistently outperforms general models, achieving a 5.6-fold improvement in BLEU-4 scores compared to GPT-4o. Furthermore, its embeddings capture physical features more effectively than traditional baselines, yielding highly competitive accuracy in Alarm Type Classification and Vibration Magnitude Regression. These results suggest that domain-aligned SLMs offer a robust and cost-effective framework for autonomous predictive maintenance, indicating that knowledge density plays a more critical role than parameter scale in specialized industrial applications.
Concept-based curricula are increasingly being adopted in medical and allied health education, supporting students to organise their knowledge and transfer their learning to unfamiliar situations. The approach is grounded in the professional reasoning and practice underlying specific disciplines and requires detailed knowledge of the core concepts and principles relevant to professional practice. This study focused on the allied health discipline of prosthetics and orthotics and aimed to identify core concepts and principles applied by Swedish-certified prosthetists/orthotists during routine clinical consultations. Ten Prosthetists/orthotists with a minimum of 10 years experience were fitted with a chest-mounted video camera which recorded them during routine client consultations. Video recordings were subsequently used in stimulated recall interviews, during which participants watched the footage and were prompted to reflect on, and articulate, thoughts, decision-making processes and feelings experienced at the time of the consultation. Interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis to identify core concepts and underpinning principles used by clinicians. Eleven core concepts were identified and organised under four overarching themes: (1) clinical relationships and systems, (2) clinical evaluation, (3) biomechanics and human movement, and (4) device design, materials, and context. Each core concept was underpinned by between two and eight core principles that explained how clinical reasoning and actions were enacted in practice. The core concepts and principles identified in this study provide an exploratory practice-informed foundation for the continued development of a comprehensive conceptual framework for the prosthetic and orthotic profession. Findings have the potential to inform concept-based curriculum design, teaching strategies, and assessment approaches, supporting the alignment of educational programs with authentic clinical practice.
Young Black women (YBW) remain disproportionately affected by HIV, yet awareness and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remain low due to multilevel barriers and ineffective health communication. This formative qualitative intervention development study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to PrEP engagement among young Black women aged 18-25 living in New York City and to translate these insights into the design of a culturally grounded, sex-positive eHealth video intervention. Two exploratory focus groups (N = 13) examined individual, interpersonal, and structural/contextual influences on PrEP attitudes and use. Guided by Black Feminist Thought, the Theory of Triadic Influence, and the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, findings were systematically translated into design objectives and content strategies using intervention mapping. Entertainment-education principles informed the development of Put Yourself First, a culturally concordant five-minute animated video. Participants emphasized the need for clear, practical PrEP education (e.g., dosing, side effects, reversibility) paired with transparent and actionable access information (e.g., cost support, confidentiality, and feasible, low-burden access pathways). Participants also highlighted the importance of sex-positive messaging that centers self-care, autonomy, and pleasure, and authentic representation and peer-based "homegirl intervention" dialogue to enhance credibility, reduce stigma, and normalize PrEP within everyday relationship contexts. Collectively, these findings highlight core narrative and content design priorities for culturally responsive PrEP communication for YBW. The resulting video provides a potentially scalable, community-informed approach to delivering PrEP information through engaging digital storytelling. Next steps include assessing feasibility and acceptability and exploring dissemination through digital and community-based channels.
South Korea maintains the highest suicide rate in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, with major depressive disorder (MDD) being the leading diagnosis among suicide deaths. Evidence from large-scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is limited, particularly for diagnosis-specific, long-term programs in outpatient settings. To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured, hospital-based case management program in reducing suicidal ideation and associated clinical outcomes among patients with MDD. This RCT was conducted at 6 general hospitals in South Korea from January 18, 2021, to July 31, 2024. Participants included outpatients 18 years or older with MDD who had current suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt within the past 2 months. All efficacy analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either 6 months of structured assertive case management (ACM) as an adjunct to standard treatment (n = 158) or usual psychiatric care alone (control [n = 156]). The primary outcome was the change from baseline to 6 months in the overall severity of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), as assessed by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Secondary outcomes included changes in depression, suicidal intent and ideation, anxiety, loneliness, impulsivity, quality of life, and service utilization. Of 314 participants enrolled (mean [SD] age, 32.3 [13.1] years; 207 [65.9%] female), 158 were randomized to the ACM group and 156 to the control group; 245 (132 in the ACM and 113 in the control groups) completed the 6-month follow-up. The ACM group showed a significantly greater mean (SD) reduction in C-SSRS total score than the control group (-9.22 [0.49] vs -7.23 [0.50]; adjusted mean difference, -1.99 [95% CI, -3.37 to -0.61]; P = .005). Greater mean improvements were also observed in the ACM group for depressive symptoms (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale mean [SD] change, -9.19 [0.70] vs -6.23 [0.69]; P = .003), suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation mean [SD] change, -7.96 [0.62] vs -5.58 [0.75]; P = .01), and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 mean [SD] change, -3.90 [0.44] vs -1.85 [0.48]; P = .002). No significant between-group differences were observed in suicide attempts, and 1 suicide death occurred in the control group. In this RCT of outpatients with MDD and high suicide risk, ACM significantly reduced C-SSRS total scores and psychological distress compared with usual care. These findings provide a critical, high-level evidence base for the national implementation of standardized, hospital-centered psychosocial interventions as a scalable public health strategy for suicide prevention. Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0008123.
As a result of the increasing number of studies in recent years, strong evidence has emerged that the amphipod biodiversity in freshwater Türkiye is higher than previously thought. As a result of sampling in the Sarpunalınca Cave in Küre Mountains National Park in the north of Anatolia, Türkiye, a new amphipod species, Gammarus elifedaesp. nov., was described. The type locality, Sarpunalınca Cave, is a horizontal cave with 1683 m length. Although the newly described species was sampled from inside the cave, it has well-developed eyes, and its extremities are slightly elongated. Gammarus elifedaesp. nov., a typical Gammarus balcanicus-group species, has short setae on the posterior margins of its 3rd and 4th pereopods. Two male individuals were sampled, but no female individual was present. The holotype male has a body length of 18.5 mm and all extremities, including the mouthparts, are drawn and described in detail. Additionally, an identification key covering all species of the genus Gammarus identified from fresh waters of Türkiye (separately for pulex-, roeseli- and balcanicus- groups) is presented.
Neocortical spiking dynamics underlie voluntary behavior and are thought to emerge through synaptic plasticity during learning. However, the causal role of plasticity across cortical cell types in shaping population dynamics remains unclear. To address this, we manipulated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a key mediator of plasticity, in mice learning a motor timing task. Transient CaMKII inactivation in the premotor cortex impaired learning without affecting execution of learned actions. Cell-type-specific manipulations revealed that CaMKII-dependent plasticity in two pyramidal tract (PT) neuron subtypes-but not intratelencephalic (IT) neurons-was required for learning. Concurrent large-scale electrophysiology showed that CaMKII activity in the two PT subtypes was necessary to shape distinct aspects of premotor cortical dynamics that jointly anticipate motor timing, whereas IT neuron plasticity was required to reduce the dimensionality of cortical activity. Together, synaptic plasticity in major cortical cell types plays specialized and complementary roles in sculpting cortical dynamics during learning.
Simulation has long been used in nursing education to support the development of clinical skills and decision-making. Early approaches relied on static anatomical models such as the Mrs. Chase mannequin, while later systems including Resusci®-Anne and SimMan® introduced computerized physiological responses and scenario-based training. Although these technologies have significantly advanced simulation-based education, traditional approaches may have limitations in representing complex patient interactions, emotional responses, and dynamic clinical environments. As healthcare systems become increasingly complex and technologically driven, nursing education faces the challenge of supporting the continued development of simulation technologies in response to changes in clinical practice. Continued reliance on traditional simulation tools may not always reflect the multidimensional and rapidly changing nature of contemporary healthcare environments. This paper examines the historical development of nursing simulation through three phases: Simulation 1.0 (static task trainers), Simulation 2.0 (computerized manikins), and Simulation 3.0 (AI-enabled extended reality platforms). Emerging immersive technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, offer new possibilities for simulation-based education by enabling interactive, scalable, and adaptive learning environments. These approaches may provide opportunities to support learning across cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains while expanding possibilities for flexible and distributed simulation experiences. At the same time, challenges related to cost, infrastructure, interoperability, data security, and faculty training remain important considerations. The ongoing development of immersive simulation technologies may expand the range of tools available to support nursing education and workforce preparation. Continued evaluation and thoughtful implementation will be important to guide the responsible and effective integration of emerging simulation technologies within nursing education systems.
The waxing and waning cortical oscillatory power correlates with function and disease. This cross-trial variability has been thought to be due to neuromodulation, uncertainty encoding, and/or changes in cortical excitability. Here, we report evidence that it is also due to fluctuations in ephaptic influences of mesoscale electric fields. We analyzed LFP data from the PFC recorded during a spatial delay saccade task. We constructed a model that describes the electric field close to the cortical patch given the neural activity that generates it. This revealed that field-to-neuron interactions (ephaptic coupling strength) were stronger than neuron-to-field, and it correlated trial-by-trial changes in oscillatory power. This suggests a form of circular causality where neural activity and extracellular electric fields continuously shape each other. These results further suggest that mesoscale ephaptic effects help drive the formation of memory ensembles, a prediction of the cytoelectric coupling hypothesis.
Patients who survive stroke usually experience rapid muscle wasting and an increased risk of physical disability. Although multifactorial interactions, including malnutrition, disuse, systemic catabolic imbalance, and neurohormonal dysregulation, are thought to contribute to the progression of stroke-related sarcopenia, the underlying mechanisms of this brain-muscle crosstalk remain elusive. Muscle-resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are indispensable for maintaining muscle homeostasis and function as initial sensors of external perturbations. In the present study, we report that FAPs rapidly respond to the overactive sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and egress from the muscle niche into circulation during the acute phase of stroke. FAP-specific ablation of adrenoceptor beta 2 (Adrb2) markedly ameliorated stroke-related sarcopenia, highlighting the central role of SNS-mediated FAP loss in its pathogenesis. Mechanistically, increased norepinephrine release initiates FAP mobilization through the activation of pro-migratory signals and the degradation of extracellular matrix components. Using transcriptomic profiling, we further characterized insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a key anti-atrophic executive factor predominantly derived from FAPs. Collectively, our work demonstrates that the SNS-mediated loss of FAPs and subsequent compromised IGF-1 secretion contribute to sarcopenia in mice following stroke. Targeting this mechanism by early anti-sympathetic treatment with propranolol may effectively restore muscle homeostasis and mass after stroke.
Suicide risk among cancer patients is higher than in the general population, yet suicidality in oncology settings may remain difficult to recognize. Psychological distress is often intertwined with physical illness, functional decline, and existential suffering, making warning signs subtle and ambiguous. Nurses may be well positioned to recognize early indicators of psychological vulnerability. This study aimed to explore how suicide risk in oncology patients may remain insufficiently recognized in clinical practice and to identify nursing-relevant challenges and learning points through two forensic case reports. This qualitative case report describes two male patients with malignant disease who died by suicide while receiving active medical and nursing care in inpatient oncology and home-based community care settings. Data were collected retrospectively from forensic autopsy reports, medical and nursing records, family interviews, and clinical documentation. A systematic thematic analysis focused on psychosocial context, communication patterns, mental health aspects, care trajectories, and circumstances preceding death. The two cases demonstrated markedly different expressions of suicidality. The younger patient exhibited visible emotional distress, indirect references to death, and impulsive behavior, whereas the older patient carried out a planned suicide characterized by emotional restraint, preserved social functioning, and unspoken suffering related to dignity and loss of autonomy. In both cases, distress appeared embedded within illness-related decline and existential burden, while opportunities for deeper psychosocial assessment and intervention remained limited. These cases highlight the importance of psychosocial awareness, sensitive communication, and holistic nursing assessment in oncology care, particularly in patients experiencing functional decline and dignity-related distress. For nurses, the ability to recognize and gently explore existential distress may be as important as identifying overt psychiatric symptoms. Compassionate and direct conversations about emotional suffering or thoughts about death may create space for disclosure, support, and timely referral.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, with projections exceeding 25 million people by 2050. Its burden, however, is unevenly distributed. Many low- and middle-income countries face rapidly rising prevalence alongside profound shortages in neurological workforce, infrastructure, and access to specialised care and essential therapies. This global "Parkinson's divide" reflects not merely a funding gap, but a structural mismatch between disease burden and health-system capacity. Traditional clinic-centred models cannot scale to meet this expanding demand.This article argues that technology, when responsibly implemented, offers a structural response to this capacity gap. Telemedicine expands access by decoupling specialist expertise from geography. Wearable and domestic sensor-based technologies extend clinical visibility beyond episodic encounters, capturing real-world fluctuations, mobility changes, falls, and sleep disturbances. Artificial intelligence, positioned as augmented rather than autonomous intelligence, can transform high-volume longitudinal data into actionable insights that support triage, task-sharing, and continuity across distributed care networks. Mobile health platforms further strengthen patient agency through structured self-management and co-designed digital ecosystems.Yet innovation alone is not sufficient. Impact depends on feasibility, interoperability, workforce development, governance, and equity-first design, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Embedded within hybrid care models and life-course brain health frameworks, digital technologies can shift PD management from episodic symptom control toward longitudinal stewardship of function and resilience, helping to convert scarcity into distributed capability and narrow global inequities in Parkinson's care for our future generations. Closing the global gap in Parkinson's care: How technology can helpPlain language summaryParkinson's disease (PD) is increasing rapidly worldwide. However, access to diagnosis, treatment, and specialist care is not evenly distributed. Many low- and middle-income countries face rising numbers of people with PD but have very few neurologists, limited infrastructure, and barriers to long-term follow-up. This imbalance creates a “Parkinson's divide” between those who can access high-quality care and those who cannot.This article explains how technology, when carefully and responsibly implemented, can help reduce this gap. Telemedicine can connect patients to specialists without requiring travel. Wearable devices and smartphone-based tools can monitor symptoms in daily life rather than relying only on brief clinic visits. Artificial intelligence can help clinicians interpret large amounts of health data and prioritise patients who need attention most urgently. Mobile health applications can also support self-management, education, and communication between patients and care teams.However, technology alone is not enough. Digital tools must be affordable, usable, and adapted to local contexts. They must also avoid increasing inequalities, especially in communities with limited internet access or digital literacy. When integrated into hybrid models that combine in-person and remote care, and aligned with broader brain health strategies, digital innovations can expand specialist reach and strengthen care systems.Closing the global Parkinson's divide requires thoughtful system redesign. With careful implementation, technology can help convert limited resources into broader, more equitable access to Parkinson's care worldwide.