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Cryptorchidism is the most common non-lethal congenital defect of the male reproductive system in sheep, with potential economic consequences for flock management. This study investigated the incidence, testicular morphology, ultrasonographic characteristics, semen quality, and sexual behavior of bilateral cryptorchid Sarda rams. Slaughterhouse inspections of 2360 lambs showed an incidence of 0.87% cryptorchidism. Cryptorchid testes were significantly rounder and lighter than intact testes, indicating impaired development in affected animals. Ultrasonography of 15 adult bilateral cryptorchid rams showed that retained testes were markedly undersized and that the left testis was less frequently visualized. No significant association with age was detected within the studied age range. All ejaculates recovered from bilateral cryptorchid rams were azoospermic. Nevertheless, behavioral trials suggested that bilateral cryptorchid males retained sexual interest and the ability to identify estrous ewes. These findings confirm the infertility of bilateral cryptorchid Sarda rams while highlighting their preserved sexual behavior, suggesting a potential zootechnical use as teaser rams for heat detection. Repurposing cryptorchid males in this way could represent a potential alternative to surgically modified teaser rams or the use of aprons on intact rams.

Nigeria continues to report over 2000 new leprosy cases annually. This retrospective study reviewed leprosy case records from 2006 to 2023 at a teaching hospital (TH) and a leprosy treatment referral centre (LTRC) in Lagos, Nigeria. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were analysed and challenges highlighted. At the TH, 96 patients with leprosy were seen. The median age was 34.6&#x2005;years (range 11-79); 61 (64%) were male; and 75% had multibacillary disease. At the LTRC, 354 patients were seen. The median age was 39.8&#x2005;years (range 7-85); 230 (65%) were male; and 349 (98.6%) had multibacillary disease. Late presentation was common in both centres. Most patients received multidrug therapy at the LTRC, but of 450 patient records overall, 52 defaulted from care (19 from the TH; 33 from the LTRC). Between 2017 and 2023, 25% of patients (37 of 149), including 2.7% aged < 15&#x2005;years, presented with grade 2 disability. Leprosy cases have declined in Lagos, but delayed presentation, inadequate frontline diagnostic capacity and weak surveillance systems contribute to sustained morbidity. Strengthening health worker knowledge and surveillance in an integrated approach is essential for leprosy control. Teaser text.

At the heart of Lyon, France, two leading institutes, the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie and the Cancer Research Center of Lyon, have built strong immunology programs since their establishment in the early 2010s. Their collaborative spirit led to the creation of the Immune Responses in Cancer and Infection (IRCI) meeting, establishing a lasting platform for scientific exchange. The third edition of the IRCI symposium (IRCI-2025), held June 18 to 20, 2025, at the &#xc9;cole Normale Sup&#xe9;rieure in Lyon, gathered over 350 participants, including 30 percent from abroad. Attendance was intentionally capped to promote in depth discussions between experts and trainees. Financial support from grants, institutional partners, and corporate sponsors helped reduce registration fees, ensuring broad accessibility. The scientific committee emphasized strong involvement of students and postdoctoral researchers through abstract selected short talks, poster sessions, and teaser presentations. Outstanding posters were recognized with prizes awarded by invited speakers and committee members. Gender parity was fully integrated, with balanced representation among international speakers and local researchers from Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie and Cancer Research Center of Lyon, highlighting the strength of Lyon's immunology community. The program featured 6 interactive scientific sessions, 3 dynamic poster sessions, and networking events including a cocktail mixer and gala dinner. A Meet the Editors session with editors from Cell and Nature further enriched exchanges.

Given the high prevalence of mental illnesses in adolescents, there is an urgent need for effective prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the school-based internet intervention StresSOS for the universal prevention of mental illnesses in youth. A two-arm, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were recruited from schools across five regions of Germany. Young people between the ages of 12 and 25&#x2009;years without mental health problems were invited to the trial and randomly assigned to StresSOS or to the attention placebo control condition, stratified by sex. Participants in both conditions received eight web-based sessions with information and exercises and weekly e-mail teasers about program content and a monitoring survey. StresSOS comprised content on life skills, particularly stress management and mental health literacy, and the control condition content comprised healthy nutrition. The primary outcome was self-reported mental health status at a 12-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were calculated. The trial was preregistered with the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS00014693, see https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00014693). A total of 5,268 eligible students were invited to participate, 2,327 (44%) activated their account and were randomized to StresSOS (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,154) or to the control condition (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;1,173). Due to COVID-19-related school closures, 1,209 were lost to follow-up, and data from 1,118 students were analyzed (535 in StresSOS and 583 in the control group). Participation in StresSOS led to significantly reduced incidences of emerging mental health problems at the 12-month follow-up (controls: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;162 [28%] 'with problems'; StresSOS: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;113 [21%] 'with problems'; OR 0.70, 95% CI [0.52, 0.92], p&#x2009;=&#x2009;.01). StresSOS was effective in universally preventing the onset of mental health problems, with a small effect. Internet interventions have the potential to contribute to a reduction of the disease burden in young people.

Understanding social relationships is critical to succeeding in primate societies. In species with complex social networks (including humans), correctly predicting the strength of one's social relationships or bonds helps individuals better navigate future interactions. Social contingency-behaviour that depends on and directly responds to another's actions-is a key feature of interaction that provides opportunities to learn about these relationships. We propose that playful teasing in great apes represents a specialized form of social contingency that enables relationship assessment in a relatively safe context. Playful teasing involves one individual pestering, harassing or provoking another in a playful manner. An ape can learn about their bond by observing how a social partner responds to mild provocation-seeing how far they can push the other before receiving an explicitly negative response. Since responses range from mild aversion to benign tolerance to reciprocal play, the teaser can gain valuable information about relationship quality through monitoring the socially contingent responses to teasing actions. This form of learning through contingency may have evolved as a relatively low-risk method to assess social relationships through direct feedback, though several alternative explanations exist. We examine multiple evolutionary hypotheses for playful teasing and offer suggestions for future empirical testing. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mechanisms of learning from social interaction'.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in mammals leads to inflammation, glial scarring, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that hinder regeneration. In contrast, certain teleosts, such as zebrafish and goldfish (Carassius auratus), exhibit remarkable spinal cord regenerative capabilities and substantial functional recovery following injury. To uncover the molecular basis of this regenerative ability, we performed a proteomic analysis of goldfish spinal cord ECM-enriched post-injury and compared it to literature on mammalian models. We identified a distinct regenerative signature in goldfish, marked by the downregulation of vimentin A2, histone H1-like isoform X1, connexin 43, and biglycan-like proteins, factors typically associated with scarring and inflammation in mammals. Notably, nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4 (NAP1L4), a chromatin remodeling protein, was uniquely upregulated in goldfish, suggesting a more permissive epigenetic environment for repair. These findings provide new insights into the molecular determinants of successful spinal cord regeneration and may inform strategies for developing regenerative therapies in humans. Teaser: Goldfish spinal cords reveal a unique regenerative proteomic signature absent in non-regenerative mammals after injury.

We introduce eggcentrism to examine how eggs govern women's time, choices, and worth in Chinese IVF clinics. Drawing on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, we explore how clinical and social infrastructures render the egg central to scrutiny and responsibility. Through clinical observations and patient narratives, we critique how reproductive care practices make the egg visible, actionable, and culturally charged. While women's bodies are intensively managed, male infertility remains peripheral. We argue that eggcentrism reveals how temporal pressure, clinical practices, and technoscientific governance shape reproductive outcomes and the cultural terrain women navigate, reinforcing gendered burdens in reproductive medicine.Media teaser: Eggs are positioned at the center of fertility care in China, shaping how women's time, responsibility, and value are judged in IVF clinics.

In 1915, the remains of a male were discovered in a 13th-century monastery on Margaret Island, Budapest. Historical context suggested that the remains might have belong to Duke B&#xe9;la of Macs&#xf3; (c. 1245-1272), grandson of King B&#xe9;la IV of Hungary (House of &#xc1;rp&#xe1;d) and son of Duke Rostislav (Rurik dynasty). We applied a complex approach to identify the individual and reconstruct the circumstances of his death. Radiocarbon dating, when adjusted for freshwater reservoir effects linked to a high-protein diet, placed the burial in the mid-13th century. Skeletal features corresponded to a young adult male. Stable isotope and dental calculus analyses indicated a high-status diet rich in animal proteins and C3 cereals. Ancient DNA confirmed descent from King B&#xe9;la III (&#xc1;rp&#xe1;d dynasty) and Y-chromosomal affiliation with the Rurikid lineage. Forensic evidence revealed 26 perimortem injuries, suggesting a coordinated, premeditated assassination involving at least three assailants. The pattern of injuries indicated both planning and intense emotional involvement. Our findings provide the first genetic identification of a medieval royal, and resolve a century-old archaeological question, and illustrate the power of integrating multidisciplinary methods to confirm historical hypotheses and reconstruct violent deaths from the past with unprecedented detail. TEASER: With unprecedented details, this study shows the impact of integrating multidisciplinary methods to confirm historical hypotheses and reconstruct violent deaths from the past.

This study reports the first successful vasectomy on a southern African male giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). The goal of the procedure was to create a teaser male for reproductive studies. Following chemical immobilization using a combination of medetomidine and thiafentanil, the giraffe underwent surgery with local anesthesia. The vas deferens were bilaterally located, dissected, and transected. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of the vas deferens tissue. Five weeks post-vasectomy, the giraffe was immobilized again for semen collection, confirming infertility. The giraffe was then used to confirm oestrus in synchronized females. Pre- and post-vasectomy testosterone levels validated the procedure's effectiveness, confirming no change in the giraffe's normal behavior or attractiveness to females. The outcome was successful, with the giraffe rendered infertile post-vasectomy.

This study aimed to determine the sexual maturation pattern of Shenxian pigs by combining observation, teaser boar testing, and back-pressure methods, and to apply this pattern for early breeding to shorten the generation interval and increase production efficiency. Subsequently, high-throughput transcriptome technology was used to compare gene expression levels in testicular tissues of Shenxian pigs before and after sexual maturity, as well as between sexually mature Shenxian pigs and Shenxian &#xd7; Large White crossbred pigs. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was conducted to screen candidate genes related to sexual maturation and precocity in Shenxian pigs. The results showed that boars reached sexual maturity at an average age of 116 days in winter and 129 days in summer. For sows, the first estrus occurred at 114 days, the second at 134 days, and the third at 154 days in winter; corresponding ages in summer were 125, 144, and 164 days, respectively. The duration of estrus was around 3 days, and the estrus interval was approximately 20 days for both seasons. Comparative trials revealed no significant change in production performance when selection and first mating were conducted at 5 months of age compared to previous practices. Transcriptome sequencing of testicular tissues before and after sexual maturity in Shenxian pigs identified 6016 upregulated genes, primarily associated with reproduction and sperm function, influencing sexual maturation. The comparison between sexually mature Shenxian pigs and crossbred pigs identified 582 upregulated genes, mainly involved in hormone synthesis, affecting the onset of puberty in Shenxian pigs. After intersecting and functionally analyzing the upregulated genes from both sets, SRD5A1 and CYP11B2 were selected as the most likely candidate genes to affect precocious puberty in Shenxian pigs.

Teaser: As the largest MD granting institution in the US, Indiana University School of Medicine has 8 regional medical campuses (RMC) and a main medical campus (MMC) in Indianapolis. RMC students comprise more than half of each class and can choose to spend 2 years or all 4 years at their RMC. While RMC students gain unique benefits compared to MMC students, concerns exist about inequities in residency match outcomes. The authors analyzed 8 years of residency placement data (2,653 students) focusing on highly competitive specialties (HCS), primary care (PC), and unmatched status. Students from RMCs and MMCs had no difference in unmatched and PC match rates. However, students who spent all 4 years at an RMC were less likely to match into HCS compared to those who spent their clinical years at the MMC. The authors discuss possible explanations for their findings and offer recommendations for schools with RMC systems.Although regional medical campus (RMC) students gain unique benefits compared with students at main medical campuses (MMCs), concerns exist about possible inequities in match outcomes. This study compared the residency match outcomes of MMC versus RMC students, focusing on unmatched status, primary care, and competitive specialties. This study used cumulative match data from 8 Indiana University School of Medicine graduating classes (2016-2023). Graduates were categorized based on campus attended (4 years at the MMC, 4 years at the RMCs, phase 1 [preclinical education] at the RMCs, and phases 2 and 3 [clinical education] at the MMC) and match type (primary care, non-primary care, postgraduate year 1 only, or unmatched). Non-primary care was divided into highly competitive specialties and other non-primary care specialties. Of the 2,478 students (93%) who matched, 937 (38%) matched into primary care, 1,470 (59%) into non-primary care, and 71 (3%) into postgraduate year 1-only positions, with 295 students (12%) entering highly competitive specialties. Highly competitive specialties constituted only 38 students (8%) who attended an RMC all 4 years versus 104 (12%) who attended an RMC for preclinical years and the MMC for clinical years (&#x1d6d7; &#x2009;=&#x2009; 0.06, P = .02) and 151 (15%) who attended the MMC all 4 years (&#x1d6d7; &#x2009;=&#x2009; 0.11, P < .001). There was no difference for matching into a highly competitive specialty between students who spent preclinical years at an RMC and clinical years at the MMC versus those who spent all 4 years at the MMC. Students from RMCs and the MMC had comparable rates in overall match success and entering primary care residencies. However, students who spent their clinical years at the MMC were more likely to enter highly competitive specialties versus those who spent all 4 years at an RMC.

Medical education has embraced Dweck's theory of a growth mindset because it reflects a commitment to developmental progression. The benefits of a growth mindset can be difficult to realize within medicine's professional culture, which may constrain its adoption and expression. To date, strategies to nurture a growth mindset have been directed toward changing the behavior of individual learners, which is insufficient. Preceptor behaviors shape the learning culture, but their influence on learner attitudes toward the learning process is unexplored. The authors conducted a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory methodology. Seventeen learners from Western University were interviewed in 2023. An iterative process was employed whereby data collection and analysis took place concurrently. Dweck's theory of mindset was used as a sensitizing concept. Open coding was followed by more focused coding, and ideas both within and across categories were compared to inform generation of theory. A reflexivity lens was applied throughout. Learners are constantly interpreting signals and using them to form impressions about their preceptors' value systems. These signals are conveyed in a preceptor's behavior, and learners often adapt their learning behaviors accordingly. When a preceptor is perceived primarily to value learner growth, learners will adopt behaviors in line with a growth mindset. When a preceptor is perceived primarily to value displays of competence over growth, learners may adopt behaviors in line with a fixed mindset. Furthermore, in the absence of growth-valuing signals, learners tend to default to impression management and may exhibit behaviors in keeping with a fixed mindset. This study offers an important new dimension to our understanding of the dynamic nature of mindsets: that learner mindsets may be preceptor-responsive, shifting in response to perceptions about preceptors' values. These new insights can inform future efforts to foster a growth mindset within medicine's professional culture.Teaser text: This study explores how learners' mindsets are influenced by preceptor attitudes and behaviors relevant to the learning process and offers an important new dimension to our understanding of the dynamic nature of mindsets: that learner mindsets may be preceptor-responsive, shifting in response to perceptions about preceptors' values.

Cerebrovascular inflammation is a critical driver of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet no noninvasive tool currently exists to map its spatial heterogeneity across the injured brain. Here, we report MoNP-SPION, a monocyte-mimetic nanoprobe that selectively targets activated cerebrovascular endothelium after TBI and enables quantitative MRI of spatiotemporally heterogeneous cerebrovascular inflammation. MoNP-SPION binding to inflamed brain endothelium scaled with activation state, enabling rapid, spatially heterogeneous targeting of injured cerebral vasculature. MoNP-SPION-enhanced MRI revealed dynamic reductions in T2* throughout the brain that extended beyond the injury penumbra and captured both subacute vascular injury and therapy-induced recovery. Importantly, spatiotemporal reductions in T2* strongly correlated with VCAM1 upregulation, supporting MoNP-SPION as a molecularly specific readout of endothelial activation. Together, these findings establish MoNP-SPION as a promising platform for longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of cerebrovascular inflammation in TBI and other neurological disorders involving vascular dysfunction. Cell-mimicking MRI nanoprobe maps cerebrovascular injury and recovery dynamics following brain trauma.

Harnessing patient immune cells via adoptive cellular therapy is a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. However, major challenges remain for advanced solid malignancies, including difficulty isolating sufficient tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and limited targeting of diverse neoantigens in heterogenous tumors. To address this, we have developed a tumor-on-a-chip platform with co-cultured patient-derived tumor cells, autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and lymphoid tissue-derived antigen presenting cells. This approach generates organoid interacting lymphocytes (OILs) with enhanced anti-tumor activity. In peritoneal malignancies, OIL-induced cytotoxicity of patient-matched tumor cells surpasses both TILs and static-expanded PBMCs. We find that this improved performance was linked to increased CD8 + T and NK cells among OILs, and increased effector cytokine polyfunctionality, particularly Granzyme A. Our platform represents a versatile and scalable approach to generate patient-specific therapeutic lymphocytes even when TILs are insufficient, offering a promising avenue to treat diverse solid tumors associated with poor outcomes under current immunotherapies. A tumor-on-a-chip device primes patient immune cells with tumor recognition for personalized immunotherapy applications.

Despite the promise of engineered tissue implants for the treatment of organ failure, scaling of these constructs to sizes of therapeutic relevance remains a barrier to clinical translation. Here, we propose a strategy to circumvent this limitation: to instead implant a small-scale construct and then induce it to grow in situ after its engraftment into a host. Using engineered liver tissue as a proof-of-concept application, we integrated synthetic biology and tissue engineering tools to build liver tissues that can be expanded on-demand after implantation in vivo . To achieve this goal, we first identified the combination of YAP and growth factor signaling as sufficient to drive human hepatocyte proliferation in dense, 3D engineered tissues. We then engineered control of these signaling axes using synthetic biology tools to drive human liver tissue expansion both in vitro and in vivo . As such, this work establishes a genetic strategy for generating large organ implants through bioengineered, on-demand outgrowth using synthetic triggers (BOOST). Presenting bioengineered on-demand outgrowth via synthetic biology triggering (BOOST) for in situ solid cell therapy scale up.

Amid climate change and extreme weather, non-tailpipe air pollution from asphalt surfaces significantly contributes to urban air pollution. This study integrates laboratory experiments, field data, and computational modeling to show that humidity is a key driving factor that increases polar VOC emissions from asphalt by up to 46% when relative humidity rises from near-dry conditions (RH&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.1%) to humid conditions (50% RH) at 50&#xa0;&#xb0;C. These VOCs also form SOAs, posing health and environmental risks. FTIR, MD simulations, and DFT calculations reveal that humid conditions enhance VOC-water interactions at the asphalt surface, increasing the abundance of oxygenated functional groups and hydrophilicity. This, combined with solar radiation, accelerates surface degradation through a self-reinforcing cycle. Analyzing a dataset of over 5000 observations from 1400&#xa0;U.S. road segments spanning more than three decades, we develop a panel model that highlights the interaction between humidity range and solar exposure in accelerating asphalt deterioration. The nonlinear humidity term is statistically significant (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.024), and the humidity-sunshine interaction is strongly positive (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). Results highlight humidity's critical role in both degradation and emissions, emphasizing the need to explicitly consider humidity and its interaction with solar radiation in climate-resilient pavement design and air quality management strategies. TEASER: The Hidden Role of Humidity in Increasing Toxic VOC Emissions and Accelerating Asphalt Pavement Deterioration.

Cervical artificial insemination (CAI) in goats exhibits several challenges due to the complexity of the cervix, the need for technical expertise and semen handling, and optimal estrus timing. These factors could have impact on the efficacy of artificial insemination (AI) in small ruminants. Recent advancements in AI in small ruminants, using visual guided artificial insemination (VGAI) combined with proper positioning and determining electrical resistance values of vaginal mucus (ERVM), could improve the accuracy and success rates for CAI. The present study aims to evaluate the use of ERMV, the different insemination positions, and the effect of insemination volume (200&#x202f;&#xb5;L vs. 400&#x202f;&#xb5;L) using a constant total sperm number (200&#x202f;&#xd7;&#x202f;10&#x2076; spermatozoa per dose) by a visually guided applicator to improve the effectiveness of CAI The results of the present study indicate that ERVM measurements for goats were significantly decreased at 24- and 48-hours (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05) following sponge removal, coinciding with estrus detected by the teaser buck, confirming its effectiveness in timing. Also, there was a significant reduction in back leakage (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.001) and increases in pregnancy (57&#x202f;% vs. 26&#x202f;%) and birth rates (P&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.03) in hindquarters positioning compared to the normal. Additionally, the 200&#x202f;mL insemination volume yielded the highest pregnancy rate (83&#x202f;%) in the hindquarters position. These findings showed that using ERVM can effectively guide the timing of AI, and that the hindquarters insemination position applied with VGAI enhances reproductive success, but no significant correlation was observed between ERVM values and fertility outcomes.

The tumor suppressor SUFU is a key negative regulator of oncogenic GLI transcription factors. SUFU mutations predispose to medulloblastoma and can cause Gorlin and Joubert syndromes. Limited structural information is available on the GLI-SUFU complex, contributing to the fact that the vast majority of SUFU missense variants sequenced from affected patients are of unknown clinical significance. Using AlphaFold3 and complementary computational analysis, we predicted structures of the three human GLI-SUFU complexes and the orthologous Drosophila Ci-Sufu complex, revealing previously unrecognized contact interfaces. By site-directed mutagenesis and GLI-SUFU binding assays, we validated the importance of key interface residues, many of which are mutated in familial medulloblastoma and Gorlin syndrome. These findings provide new structure-function insights into a signaling complex mutated in cancer and rare congenital diseases, and offer an expanded framework for interpreting clinically observed SUFU variants and mechanisms that tune SUFU repression. AI-powered modeling plus experimental validation reveal new GLI-SUFU interfaces linked to cancer and congenital mutations.

Semen banking and artificial insemination play an indispensable role in the propagation and preservation of germplasm. Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) is a small-sized game bird and facing threats in its natural habitat and can be conserved by employing assisted reproductive technologies like semen banking. For successful semen banking, it is necessary to have knowledge of the reproductive potential (semen volume, sperm motility, total sperm per ejaculation, sperm concentration, semen quality and sperm abnormalities) of the species. The present study was designed to investigate the reproductive potential of common quail. Common quail were kept individually in a 4&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;4&#x2009;ft enclosure while a group of 5 females, which were utilised for male excitement, were kept in a 3&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;3&#x2009;ft enclosure. Semen was collected from 10 mature males (Selection was made based on the size of proctodeal foam gland, ejaculation time and stimulation response to teaser female) collected individually after excitation by a teaser female on a daily basis. After collection, semen was evaluated for semen volume, sperm motility, total sperm per ejaculation, sperm concentration, semen quality (motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability and acrosomal integrity) and sperm abnormalities of individual males. Mean semen volume (7.75&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.59&#x2009;&#x3bc;L), sperm concentration (20.105&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.81) and total sperm per ejaculation (0.316&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;0.175 109/mL) were recorded. Sperm motility (74.1%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.24%), viability (76.88%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.155%), intact acrosome (78.69%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.13%) and integrity of the plasma membrane (75.5%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;2.261%) and semen quality factor (121.06&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;14.23) were recorded. Semen quality factor SQF was positively correlated with volume (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.824), motility (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.583), plasma membrane integrity (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.592), viability (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.593) and acrosomal integrity (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.610) (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) while negatively correlated with total sperm per ejaculation (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.208). The total percentage of abnormal sperm was (12.125%&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;6.161%) recorded. It is concluded that common quail exhibit excellent reproductive potential in terms of semen quality with a low percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. The results of semen characteristics can now be used for artificial propagation and conservation programs.